US3396207A - Production of acetylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Production of acetylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3396207A
US3396207A US95678A US9567861A US3396207A US 3396207 A US3396207 A US 3396207A US 95678 A US95678 A US 95678A US 9567861 A US9567861 A US 9567861A US 3396207 A US3396207 A US 3396207A
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United States
Prior art keywords
acetylene
jets
water
gas
current
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US95678A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bartholome Ernst
Lehrer Erwin
Schierwater Friedrich Wilhelm
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
    • B01D51/10—Conditioning the gas to be cleaned
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
    • C07C2/78—Processes with partial combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
    • C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
    • C07C4/04—Thermal processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
    • Y10S585/955—Specified mixing procedure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in the production of acetylene by the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons.
  • a great disadvantage of this measure is that it is impossible to impart to drops of Water sprayed from an atomizer the high speed necessary to penetrate into a swiftly moving stream of gas.
  • the effect is not improved by raising the water pressure, since in this case the volume of the individual droplets is reduced by reason of the finer dispersion. This problem naturally becomes especially acute when the dimensions of the apparatus are increased and when high gas speeds are used.
  • One object of our invention is to provide a process for producing cracking gas with a high content of acetylene.
  • a further object of our invention is to achieve uniform quenching of the cracking gas.
  • Patented Aug. 6, 1968 "ice By working with jets having varying depth of penetration it is possible to cool the cracking gas uniformly and to ensure that there is no section of the gas stream which is not reached by the cooling water. We prefer to arrange the nozzles on a level with one another so that the gas stream is cooled as uniformly as possible.
  • the desired greater depth of penetration a may be achieved by increasing the diameter d of the water jet, which in general depends on the size of the outlet opening for the water jet, and/ or by increasing the water pressure p prior to the outlet opening.
  • the dispersion of the water jets takes place by the kinetic energy of the gas stream to be quenched itself, which can be measured by the dynamic pressure 1
  • the dynamic pressure p is known to be half the product of the density of the gas and the square of its linear speed.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically represents a longitudinal cross-section of the apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a lateral cross-section of the subject apparatus.
  • a mixture of hydrocarbon and oxygen passes from chamber 1 through openings 2 of distributor block 3 into a reaction chamber 4 which is defined by wall 5.
  • the cooling water is sprayed from a plurality of nozzles 6 arranged annularly around the outlet of the reaction chamber and contacts the stream of reaction gas in the form of fine droplets.
  • undivided water jets 9 are introduced laterally into the stream of reaction gas through nozzles 7 and 8. The water is split up into droplets by the dynamic pressure of the gas.
  • the jets of Water are preferably introduced at an angle to the flow of gas and preferably perpendicular thereto.
  • jets having different depths of penetration those sectors of the gas stream which are not covered by one group of jets of the same depth of penetration are covered by jets of another group with a different depth of penetration, and the total amount of Water supplied is thus uniformly distributed over the entire cross-section.
  • the process according to the present invention is not only applicable to the production of acetylene by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, but also to methods in which the energy for the cracking of the hydrocarbons to acetylene is sup lied from other thermal sources.
  • Example 1 1,600 cubic meters (S.T.P.) per hour of methane are heated to a temperature of 640 C. in a preheater and 890 cubic meters (S.T.P) per hour of oxygen are also heated to a temperature of 640 C. in a second preheater.
  • the hot gases are supplied to a mixing apparatus. After thorough mixing has been completed, the mixture enters through parallel channels into a reaction chamber in 3 which the methane reacts with the oxygen with the formation of a flame.
  • the diameter of the stream of reaction gas at the outlet from the reaction chamber is 265 millimeters and its dynamic pressure 17 7.3 X atmospheres.
  • the reaction gas is cooled with a total of 16 cubic meters per hour of water introduced through 40 atomizer nozzles.
  • a gas mixture is obtained containing 8.05% by volume of acetylene and 2.36 grams per cubic meter of carbon black.
  • Example 2 The same conditions are used as in Example 1, but undivided water jets are additionally introduced under a pressure p of 1.5 atmospheres gage into the gas stream from 12 nozzles, each having a diameter of 2.8 millimeters. These jets penetrate the gas stream to a depth a of 130 millimeters and the value of (P :P )-(d:a) equals 4.4.
  • Undivided water jets under a pressure P of 1.2 atmospheres gage are also introduced into the gas stream from 12 further nozzles, each having a diameter of 2 millimeters.
  • the jets from these nozzles penetrate into the spaces between the first 12 additional nozzles described above to a depth a of 70 millimeters.
  • the value of (P :P (dza) amounts to 4.7.
  • a gas mixture is obtained which contains 8.52% by volume of acetylene and 1.77 grams per cubic meter of carbon black.
  • Example 3 The same conditions as described in Example 1 are used, but undivided water jets are additionally introduced under a pressure P of 3.0 atmospheres gage into the gas stream from 8 nozzles with a diameter d of 4.7 millimeters. These jets penetrate the gas stream to a depth a of 130 and the value of (P :P -.(d:a) is equal to 14.8.
  • Undivided water jets under a pressure P of 1.2 atmospheres gage are also introduced into the gas stream from 12 further nozzles each having a diameter of 2 millimeters. The jets from these nozzles penetrate into the spaces between the first 8 additional nozzles described above to a depth of 70 millimeters.
  • the value of (P :P )-(d:a) is 4.7.
  • a gas mixture is obtained which contains 8.28% by volume of acetylene and 2.0 grams per cubic meter of carbon black.
  • Example 4 The same conditions as described in Example 1 are used, but undivided water jets are additionally introduced under a pressure P of 1.0 atmosphere gage into the gas stream from nozzles with a diameter d of 1.2 milli- 4 meters. These jets penetrate the gas stream to a depth a of 130 mm. and the value of (P :P )-(d:a) is equal to 1.26. Undivided water jets under a pressure P of 1.2 atmospheres gage are also introduced into the stream from 12 further nozzles each having a. diameter of 2 millimeters.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US95678A 1957-08-03 1961-03-14 Production of acetylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US3396207A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB45565A DE1051845B (de) 1957-08-03 1957-08-03 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acetylen durch thermische Spaltung, insbesondere durchpartielle Oxydation von Kohlenwasserstoffen

Publications (1)

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US3396207A true US3396207A (en) 1968-08-06

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US (1) US3396207A (de)
CH (1) CH391689A (de)
DE (1) DE1051845B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0640373A3 (de) * 1993-08-31 1995-05-10 Ebara Corp Sprühturm und Verfahren zur Kühlung, Befeuchtung und/oder Reinigung von Gas.
WO2007082746A1 (en) 2006-01-23 2007-07-26 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Process for the production of ethylene from natural gas with heat integration
US9802875B2 (en) 2013-08-29 2017-10-31 Basf Se Apparatus and process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas
US10059640B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2018-08-28 Basf Se Apparatus and process for the preparation of acetylene and synthesis gas
US10407305B2 (en) 2013-08-29 2019-09-10 Basf Se Apparatus and process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009001045A1 (de) 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 Basf Se Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen partiellen Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen
EP2252567B1 (de) 2008-03-05 2013-08-07 Basf Se Verfahren und vorrichtung zur thermischen partiellen oxidation von kohlenwasserstoffen
US8487150B2 (en) 2008-07-18 2013-07-16 Basf Se Process for hydrogenating butadiyne
RU2580684C2 (ru) 2010-11-11 2016-04-10 Басф Се Способ и устройство для получения ацетилена и синтез-газа
CN103249669B (zh) 2010-11-11 2016-02-24 巴斯夫欧洲公司 制备乙炔和合成气的方法和装置
EP4620937A1 (de) 2024-03-21 2025-09-24 Basf Se Elektrolysesauerstoff für nachhaltige acetylenchemie
WO2026093223A1 (en) 2024-10-28 2026-05-07 Basf Se A reactor for production of hydrocarbons and synthesis gas

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2533457A (en) * 1945-12-08 1950-12-12 Tennessee Eastman Corp Furnace with jet cooling
US2719184A (en) * 1950-01-10 1955-09-27 Basf Ag Production of acetylene
US2765358A (en) * 1953-04-16 1956-10-02 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Production of acetylene and reactor therefor
AT207827B (de) * 1958-07-08 1960-02-25 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acetylen durch thermische Spaltung, insbesondere durch partielle Oxydation von Kohlenwasserstoffen
GB831105A (en) * 1957-08-03 1960-03-23 Basf Ag Improvements in the production of acetylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US2978521A (en) * 1957-06-07 1961-04-04 Belge Produits Chimiques Sa Process and apparatus for treatment of hydrocarbons
US2998464A (en) * 1957-08-05 1961-08-29 Monsanto Chemicals Quench system
US2998465A (en) * 1957-10-09 1961-08-29 Monsanto Chemicals Quench system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2533457A (en) * 1945-12-08 1950-12-12 Tennessee Eastman Corp Furnace with jet cooling
US2719184A (en) * 1950-01-10 1955-09-27 Basf Ag Production of acetylene
US2765358A (en) * 1953-04-16 1956-10-02 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Production of acetylene and reactor therefor
US2978521A (en) * 1957-06-07 1961-04-04 Belge Produits Chimiques Sa Process and apparatus for treatment of hydrocarbons
GB831105A (en) * 1957-08-03 1960-03-23 Basf Ag Improvements in the production of acetylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US2998464A (en) * 1957-08-05 1961-08-29 Monsanto Chemicals Quench system
US2998465A (en) * 1957-10-09 1961-08-29 Monsanto Chemicals Quench system
AT207827B (de) * 1958-07-08 1960-02-25 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acetylen durch thermische Spaltung, insbesondere durch partielle Oxydation von Kohlenwasserstoffen

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0640373A3 (de) * 1993-08-31 1995-05-10 Ebara Corp Sprühturm und Verfahren zur Kühlung, Befeuchtung und/oder Reinigung von Gas.
US6202990B1 (en) 1993-08-31 2001-03-20 Ebara Corporation Spray tower for cooling, moistening and/or purifying gas
WO2007082746A1 (en) 2006-01-23 2007-07-26 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Process for the production of ethylene from natural gas with heat integration
US20100234476A1 (en) * 2006-01-23 2010-09-16 Yungyi Lin Process For The Production Of Ethylene From Natural Gas With Heat Integration
US8080697B2 (en) * 2006-01-23 2011-12-20 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Process for the production of ethylene from natural gas with heat integration
US9802875B2 (en) 2013-08-29 2017-10-31 Basf Se Apparatus and process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas
US10407305B2 (en) 2013-08-29 2019-09-10 Basf Se Apparatus and process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas
US10059640B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2018-08-28 Basf Se Apparatus and process for the preparation of acetylene and synthesis gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1051845B (de) 1959-03-05
CH391689A (de) 1965-05-15

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