US3391896A - Hot top structure - Google Patents

Hot top structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3391896A
US3391896A US494327A US49432765A US3391896A US 3391896 A US3391896 A US 3391896A US 494327 A US494327 A US 494327A US 49432765 A US49432765 A US 49432765A US 3391896 A US3391896 A US 3391896A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
panel
hanger
mold
hot top
refractory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US494327A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul J Lobstein
Louis R Dupuy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oglebay Norton Co
Original Assignee
Oglebay Norton Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oglebay Norton Co filed Critical Oglebay Norton Co
Priority to US494327A priority Critical patent/US3391896A/en
Priority to GB44140/66A priority patent/GB1137528A/en
Priority to DE1508924A priority patent/DE1508924C3/de
Priority to BE688022D priority patent/BE688022A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3391896A publication Critical patent/US3391896A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • B22D7/108—Devices for making or fixing hot tops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor

Definitions

  • a panel for use in a hot top structure on an ingot mold has a recess formed in its back side and a hanger pivotally mounted for movement between a storage position and an operative position. When in the storage position the hanger is located in the recess and is substantially entirely between opposite sides of the panel. In the operative position the hanger extends outwardly to support the panel.
  • the present invention relates to a hot top structure, and particularly to a hot top structure comprising a refractory panel, which is supported by a hanger means at the upper end of an ingot mold.
  • the principal object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved hot top structure comprising a refractory panel carrying a hanger means for supporting the panel in an ingot mold and which structure is readily manufactured, easily shipped and pailetized, and highly effective in use.
  • a further object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved hot top structure comprising a refractory panel which i supported in position in an ingot mold by a hanger means and wherein the hanger means is carried by the panel and includes a portion movable relative to the refractory panel between a storage position wherein the hanger means is located substantially entirely between opposite sides of the panel without any portion extending outwardly thereof and an operative position wherein a portion of the hanger means extends outwardly of the panel for engagement with the mold.
  • a still further object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved hot top structure comprising a panel which is supported at the upper end of an ingot mold and wherein hanger means carried by the panel supports the panel in position in the ingot mold and wherein the panel has a recess in one side thereof and in which the hanger means is at least in part located when the hanger means is in a storage position and the hanger means has a panel supporting part movable from the recess to a position for engaging the ingot mold to support the panel in position in the mold.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved hot top structure comprising a refractory panel which is to be supported at the upper end of an ingot mold by a hanger means carried by the panel and wherein the hanger means includes a panel supporting part pivotal relative to the panel from a storage position to an operative position for engaging the mold, and includes a pivot pin molded into the refractory material of the panel.
  • Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved hot top structure comprising a refractory panel having a hanger means for engag ing an ingot mold and supporting the panel in position in the mold, and wherein the hanger means includes a portion which cooperates with the mold to effect a tilting of the lower edge of the panel into engagement with the wall of the mold and thereby provides a seal between the lower edge of the panel and the mold wall to prevent molten metal from flowing between the backside of the panel and the mold wall.
  • a still further object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved hot top which includes a plurality of refractory side panels and corner members with each side panel having a hanger means for supporting the panel in position in an ingot mold and wherein the corner members are driven in wedging engagement between the side panels and wherein the hangers which hold the panels in position are relatively strong and reliable so as not to be broken due to the wedging of the corner pieces into position.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a hot top structure embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the hot top structure of FIG. 1, taken approximately along the section line 22 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a View looking at the back of a portion of the hot top structure shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of the hot top structure shown in FIG. 3, taken approximately along the section line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the molding of the hot top structure shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the construction shown in FIG. 5.
  • the present invention provides a new and improved hot top structure and particularly provides a new and improved refractory panel which is to be supported at the upper end of an ingot mold.
  • a plurality of panels of the present invention are located in position at the upper end of an ingot mold and form a hot top thereat.
  • Each of the panels includes a hanger means carried by the panel and each hanger means cooperates with the ingot mold to support its associated panel in position in the mold.
  • the panels of the present invention with the hanger means are readily manufactured, easily shipped and palletized, and highly effective in use.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an ingot mold 10 having a hot top structure 11 supported therein at the upper end thereof.
  • the ingot mold It may be of any particular shape.
  • it is of the conventionally known big-end down type of ingot mold having a substantially rectangular opening.
  • a big-end down type of ingot mold is one which has an internal cavity which tapers so as to be larger at the bottom than at the top thereof.
  • the invention is, of course, applicable to other types of molds other than the big-end down type of mold, and having different shaped openlIlgS.
  • the hot top 11 which is supported at the upper end of the ingot mold 153 is comprised of a plurality of side panels 12, 13, 14, and 15.
  • the side panels cover the upper portion of opposite sides of the mold 18. Corner wedge pieces 16, 17, 18, and 19 are located at the corners of the hot top and form the corners thereof.
  • the side panels 12, 13, 14, and 15 are supported at the upper end of the ingot mold and located in the desired position, and the wedge corner pieces 16, 17, 18, and 19 are then driven into position so as to provide a tight surface area engagement between the various wedge pieces and the adjacent panels.
  • the panels 12-15, as well as the wedge pieces 16-19, are constructed of an insulating refractory material of a conventional type and, as noted above, form the hot top 11.
  • These refractory arts form the hot top 11 and define a central opening therethrough and through which molten metal is poured into the ingot mold.
  • the molten metal is poured to an ordered level in the central opening defined by the hot top 11.
  • the refractory insulating parts maintain the mass of molten metal in the central opening in a molten state so as to provide for feeding of the molten metal therein into the shrinkage cavity formed by the solidifying metal in the mold, as is well known in the hot top art.
  • the panels 12., 13, 14, and are supported in position in the hot top by suitable hanger means carried by the particular panel. Since the panels and the hanger means are identical in construction, only one panel, namely panel 12, and its associated hanger means, will be described hereinbelow in detail.
  • panel 12 comprises a tapered panel having nonparallel side edges and 21 and which diverge from the top edge 22 of the panel to the bottom edge 23 of the panel.
  • the panel is in the shape of a trapezoid, as shown in FIG. 3, with the top and bottom edges in a parallel relation.
  • the panel has a backside 12a which faces the inner wall of the mold and a front side 12b defining an opening through the hot top.
  • the surfaces 12a, 12b in the present embodiment are fiat or planar.
  • the particular shape of the panel is, of course, dictated by the shape of the mold and is shaped to correspond with the shape of the mold and may have straight side edges or have side edges which diverge or converge at difierent angles.
  • the surfaces 12a, 12b may have a curved or other configuration difierent from the planar configuration shown in the drawings.
  • the hanger means which support the side panel 12 at the upper end of the ingot mold 10 comprise a pair of hangers designated 25, 26.
  • the hangers 25, 26 are substantially identical in construction and in view of the similarity between the hangers 25 and 26, only the hanger 26 will be described in detail, but similar parts of each hanger will be given similar reference numbers.
  • the hanger 26 is carried by the panel 12 and is movable relative to the panel 12 from a shipping or storage position, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, to an operative position for holding the panel 12 in the mold 10, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the hanger 26 as shown in FIG. 6 specifically is hinged for pivotally movement relative to the panel 12 and includes a hinge or pivot pin 30 which is embedded in the refractory material. The opposite ends of the Pivot pin 30 are embedded in the refractory material during the forming of the panel, as will be described herein-below.
  • the hanger 26 also includes a base portion 31 fixedly secured to the pivot pin 30 and encircling the pivot pin 30.
  • a plate-like connecting portion 32 of the hanger 26 extends away from the base portion 31.
  • the portion 32 conmeets with a panel supporting portion or part 33 of the hanger 2.6 and forms an obtuse angle therewith.
  • the portion 32 has a lower edge 34 which is adapted to engage the upper surface 10a of the
  • the hanger 26 is movable relative to the panel 12 about the axis of the pivot pin 30 between an operative position wherein the portion 33 thereof extends outwardly of the panel 12 and substantially perpendicular to the backside 12a thereof, so as to engage the upper surface 10a of the mold 10, and an inoperative or shipping position wherein the hanger 26 is located entirely between the front and backsides 12b, 12a, respectively, of the panel 12, as shown in full lines in FIG. 4.
  • the recess When the hanger 26 is in its storage position, it is located in a recess formed in the backside 12a of the panel 12.
  • the recess includes a substantially triangular-shaped recess portion 40.
  • the recess portion is defined by a pair of side surfaces 41, 42 which converge at an apex.
  • the pivot pin 30 is embedded in the refractory material spaced from the apex but such that the connecting portion 32 of the hanger 26 extends through the apex along the surface 42 defining the recess portion 40.
  • the moldengaging portion 33 of the hanger 26 is located in a rectangular-shaped recess portion 43 in the backside of the panel 12a.
  • the recess portion 43 communicates with the triangular-shaped recess portion 40.
  • the hanger 26 When the hanger 26 is in its inoperative position, as shown in full lines in FIG. 4, the hanger 26 is located substantially entirely between the back surface 12a of the panel 12 and the front surface 12b thereof, and specifically the surface portion 33a of the portion 33 of the hanger 26 is flush with the backside 12a of the panel, and no portions of the hanger 26 extend beyond the panel.
  • the hanger portion 33 When in its operative position, the hanger portion 33 extends outwardly of the panel as shown in dot-dash lines in FIG. 4 and in this position the surface 34 of the portion 33 is adapted to engage the upper surface 10:: of the mold 10 to support the panel 12 in position in the ingot mold.
  • the panel 12 may -be easily shipped, handled, and palletized.
  • the hanger thus has no projecting portions which would interfere with palletizin and which might be broken when being shipped.
  • the panel may be easily constructed and dried without interference of projecting portions of the hanger with the dryer surface.
  • the hanger 26 is embedded in the refractory panel 12, and is located and embedded in the refractory panel 12 during the molding or forming of the refractory panel 12. Moreover, the recess portions 40 and 43 are also formed in the panel at the same time, namely, during the molding operation or the forming operation of the panel.
  • the apparatus for forming the panel is generally shown in a schematic manner in FIG. 5.
  • the apparatus is of the so-called vacuum-box type which includes a vacuum box 50 of the desired shape and having a screen 51 stretched therecross. Suitable means is provided for drawing a vacuum through the screen 51 and the presence of vacuum is designated generally by the arrow 52 in FIG. 5.
  • An upper contour frame 53 is adapted to be placed on top of the vacuum box 50 and is movaa ble relative to the box 50.
  • suitable means is secured to the screen 51 so as to provide the recess portion 40 of the panels.
  • This means is in the form of an anvil, designated 60 in the drawings.
  • the anvil 60 is secured to the screen 51 by any suitable means, such as a screw 61 which projects through a plate 62 for clamping purposes and is screwed into a threaded hole 63 in the anvil 60.
  • the anvil 60 has a generally triangular cross section and projects upwardly from the screen 51.
  • the anvil 60 is adapted to support the hanger 26 in position prior to the hanger being embedded in the refractory material. Accordingly, the anvil 60 is constructed so as to cooperate with portions of the hanger 26 and, specifically, the anvil 60 includes a hanger seat for rece1v1ng the base portion 31 of the hanger 26.
  • the seat 64 is formed as a recessed portion in one inclined side of the anvil 60.
  • the inclined side of the anvil 60 opposite the side having the seat 64 has a pair of projectmg lug portions 65, 66.
  • the lug portions 65, 66 define a pocket therebetween in which the connecting portion 32 of the hanger 26 is located, as best shown in FIG. 5, when the hanger 26 is supported by the anvil 60 during the formation of the refractory panel.
  • the portion 33 of the hanger 26 is then supported by the screen 51.
  • the refractory material as a slurry
  • a vacuum is then applied through the screen 51 drawing liquid from the refractory material or slurry.
  • the pin 30 is embedded in the refractory material.
  • the contour frame member 53 is then moved upwardly, as shown in FIG. 5, away from the vacuum box 50 and the formed panel may then be removed from the screen 51.
  • the hinge 26, of course is removed with the panel, since the pin 30 is embedded in the refractory material.
  • the anvil 60 which is connected to the screen 51 remains with the screen 51 and may be reused in the next forming operation. Thus, where the anvil 60 was located, there is a void constituting the recess portion 40.
  • the recess 43 is formed by the portion 33 of the hanger 26 during the molding of the panel.
  • the hanger 26 does not extend beyond the back surface 12a of the panel, the hanger does not interfere with the drying operation. Moreover, during the drying operation, a certain amount of forming or shaping of the refractory panel may also occur and the fact that the hanger does not extend beyond the back wall of the panel facilitates the formation of the panel into the desired shape.
  • the panel After the panel has been formed, it may, of course, be shipped with the hangers in their storage positions located substantially entirely between the back and front surfaces of the panels. Since the hangers have such a shipping position, the panels may be palletized readily and easily handled without the dangers of the damage due to the projecting portions of the hangers being chipped or broken.
  • the hangers 25, 26 are moved from their inoperative position shown in full lines in FIG. 4 to their operative position shown in dotdash lines in FIG. 4.
  • the portion 33 thereof is moved out of the recess portion 43 and pivoted to right angles to the back surface 12a of the panel 12.
  • the connecting portion 32 of the hangers moves through the recess 40 from engagement with side 42 thereof to the opposite side thereof and engages and is supported against the opposite side 41 of the recess.
  • the pivoting action is provided for by the rotation of the pivot pin 30 which is embedded in the refractory material relative to the refractory material in which it is embedded.
  • the various panels constructed in accordance with the present invention are positioned or hung adjacent the opposite sides of the mold and the corner wedge pieces 16 are then driven into position.
  • the driving of the corner wedge pieces into position does place a substantial force on the panels and on the hangers which are holding the panels in position.
  • the hangers of the present invention may be made of relatively strong metal, such as steel, and have substantial strength and resistance so as to overcome substantial forces applied to the panels due to the hammering and wedging of the corner pieces into position.
  • molten metal is poured into the ingot mold.
  • the molten metal is poured through the central opening formed by the various refractory panels and corner pieces.
  • the molten metal is poured so as to fill the hot top cavity to a point just below the ingot mold top 10a and the hot top refractory panels provide and maintain the metal therein in a molten state while the metal in the ingot solidifies, as is well known in the art.
  • the hanger means of the present construction has the additional advantage of functioning to help provide a seal between the lower edge 23 of the panels and the inner wall of the mold.
  • the hanger means includes a portion engageable with the mold and which functions to tilt the panel 12 so that the lower edge thereof engages the inner wall of the mold in a sealing contact, as best shown in FIG. 2.
  • the hanger 26 has a portion which engages the mold wall and functions to tilt or pivot the panel so that the lower edge thereof engages the mold wall.
  • the portion which effects this seal is a part of the connecting portion 32 of the hanger 26 and which portion projects outwardly somewhat beyond the back surface 12a of the panel when the hanger 26 is moved to its operative position.
  • the lower part of the connecting portion 32 of the panel engages the wall of the mold.
  • This part of the connecting portion 32 is located beneath the portion 33 of the hanger 26 and specifically the outermost surface 32a thereof engages the mold wall at the top thereof and functions to hold the top of the panel slightly away from the mold wall and to effect the tilting of the lower edge 23 of the refractory panel into engagement with the wall of the mold.
  • This substantially minimizes the amount of molten metal which fiows between the back side 12a of the panel and the inner wall of the mold.
  • the flow of molten metal behind the panel 12 would cause metal fins which result in a poor ingot sinkhead function, and loss of yield in rolling. Moreover, this might also cause displacement and floating of the panel or boiling thereof, resulting in loss of yield on rolling.
  • the present invention substantially minimizes these problems.
  • a new and improved hot top structure which includes a refractory panel having a hanger means for supporting the panel at the upper end of the ingot mold and wherein the hanger means includes a portion embeddeed in the panel.
  • the hanger may be pivoted relative to the refractory panel between a storage position wherein it is located substantially entirely between the front and back surfaces of the panel to an operative position wherein the hanger has a portion projecting beyond the panel so as to engage the upper portion of the mold.
  • a part of the hanger effects a tilting of the panel so that the lower edge of the panel engages the inner wall of the mold in a sealing contact.
  • An assembly for use in a hot top structure comprising a refractory insulating panel to be supported at the upper end of an ingot mold, said panel having a back side for facing the ingot mold and a front side which contacts molten metal pOured into the ingot mold, hanger means connected to said panel and having a supporting part movable relative to said panel between a storage position and an operative position, said hanger means being substantially enitrely located between said back and front sides and free of any portion projecting beyond said back and front sides when said supporting part is in its storage position, said supporting part when in its operative position extending beyond said back side to support said panel in said mold.
  • An assembly for use in a hot top structure comprising a refractory insulating panel to be supported at the upper end of an ingot mold, said panel having a back side for facing the ingot mold and a front side which contacts molten metal poured into the ingot mold, a panel supporting hanger connected to said paneland movable relative thereto between a storage position and an operative position, said panel having a recess in the back side thereof and said hanger located substantially entirely in said recess When in its storage position and movable therefromto its panel supporting position extending outwardly of the panel.
  • An assembly for use in a hot top structure comprising a refractory insulating panel to be supported at the upper end of an ingot mold, having a back side for facing the ingot mold and a front side which contacts molten metal poured into the ingot mold, hanger means connected to said panel and pivotal relative thereto between a storage position and an operative position, said hanger means including a pivot support portion embedded in the refractory panel and a support portion which moves about the axis of the pivot support portion between the operative and storage positions and extends beyond said back side of said panel to support the panel in said mold when in its operative position.
  • An assembly for use in a hot top structure comprising'a refractory insulating panel to be supported at the upper end of an ingot mold, said panel having a back sidd for facing the ingot mold and a front side which contacts molten metal poured into the ingot mold, hanger means connected to said panel and movable relative thereto between a storage position and an operative posi- --tion, said hanger means having :a first portion extending .outwardly of the panel for engagement with a portion of the ingot mold when in its operative position and said hanger means having a second portion engageable with the mold for effecting a tilting of the panel relative to the mold so as to position the lower edge of the panel in contact with the inner wall of the mold.
  • An assembly for use in a hot top structure comprising a refractory insulating panel to be supported at the upper end of an ingot mold, said panel having a back side for facing the ingot mold and a front side which contacts molten metal poured into the ingot mold, a panel supporting hanger connected to said panel and pivotal relative thereto between a storage position and an operative position, said panel having a recess in the entirely in said recess when in its storage position and pivotal therefrom to a position extending outwardly of the panel to its separative position, and said hanger including a pivot portion connectedto the refractory material of said panel and providing a pivot axis about which said hanger pivots when moved between its storage position and its operative position.
  • said recess is defined in partby a pair of surfaces which converge as they extend inwardly of the panel, and said hanger includes a connecting portion extending between said pivot portion and the portion of the hanger for engagement with the mold, said connecting portion having one surface engaging one of said converging sides when said hanger is in its. storage position and a second surface opposite'said one surface and engaging the other of said converging-surfaces when in its operative position.
  • a hot top structure comprising a plurality of refractory insulating panels to be supported at the upper end of an ingot mold, each of said panels having a back side for facing the ingot mold and a front side which contacts molten metal poured into the ingot mold, a pair of panel supporting hangers connected to each of said panels and pivotal relative thereto between a storage position and an operative position, each of said panels having recesses inthe back side thereof and each of said hangers at least in part being located in a respective one of said recesses when in its storage position and movable therefrom when in its operative position, said hanger including a pivot portion embedded in the refractory panel and providing a pivot axis about which said hanger pivots when moved between its storage and operative positions, and corner wedge panel members wedged into position engaging adjacent side'edges of adjacent panels and forming a complete hot top therewith located at the upper end of the ingot mold.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
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US494327A 1965-10-11 1965-10-11 Hot top structure Expired - Lifetime US3391896A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US494327A US3391896A (en) 1965-10-11 1965-10-11 Hot top structure
GB44140/66A GB1137528A (en) 1965-10-11 1966-10-03 Hot top structure
DE1508924A DE1508924C3 (de) 1965-10-11 1966-10-04 Wärmehaube
BE688022D BE688022A (xx) 1965-10-11 1966-10-10

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US494327A US3391896A (en) 1965-10-11 1965-10-11 Hot top structure

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US3391896A true US3391896A (en) 1968-07-09

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US494327A Expired - Lifetime US3391896A (en) 1965-10-11 1965-10-11 Hot top structure

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US (1) US3391896A (xx)
BE (1) BE688022A (xx)
DE (1) DE1508924C3 (xx)
GB (1) GB1137528A (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3749350A (en) * 1971-07-29 1973-07-31 Universal Refractories Corp Clip means for holding inserts in molds
US3797801A (en) * 1971-08-11 1974-03-19 Colorado Refractories Corp Four-piece hot top with foldable subassemblies
US4244552A (en) * 1979-09-20 1981-01-13 Insul Company, Inc. Corner wedging consumable hot top

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3002238A (en) * 1960-07-07 1961-10-03 Pittsburgh Steel Co Ingot mold sideboard hanger
US3087206A (en) * 1960-04-20 1963-04-30 Narragansett Gymnasium Equipme Floating floor anchor
US3178783A (en) * 1961-05-25 1965-04-20 Sandviken Jernverks Aktiebolag Hot top for ingot mold
US3202395A (en) * 1963-04-03 1965-08-24 Oglebay Norton Co Hot top with rotating hanger means

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087206A (en) * 1960-04-20 1963-04-30 Narragansett Gymnasium Equipme Floating floor anchor
US3002238A (en) * 1960-07-07 1961-10-03 Pittsburgh Steel Co Ingot mold sideboard hanger
US3178783A (en) * 1961-05-25 1965-04-20 Sandviken Jernverks Aktiebolag Hot top for ingot mold
US3202395A (en) * 1963-04-03 1965-08-24 Oglebay Norton Co Hot top with rotating hanger means

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3749350A (en) * 1971-07-29 1973-07-31 Universal Refractories Corp Clip means for holding inserts in molds
US3797801A (en) * 1971-08-11 1974-03-19 Colorado Refractories Corp Four-piece hot top with foldable subassemblies
US4244552A (en) * 1979-09-20 1981-01-13 Insul Company, Inc. Corner wedging consumable hot top

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1508924B2 (de) 1974-05-30
BE688022A (xx) 1967-03-16
DE1508924C3 (de) 1975-01-16
GB1137528A (en) 1968-12-27
DE1508924A1 (de) 1969-11-13

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