Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
  • C11D1/721—End blocked ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions

Definitions

• Another object of this invention is to provide novel compositions of washing and cleansing agents that exhibit low-foaming properties in high speed mechanical washers.
• a further object of the invention is to provide a composition of washing and cleansing agents having lowfoaming properties comprising:
• A represents a high molecular weight lipophilic radical having a replaceable hydrogen atom adducted with more than 50 mol percent to 100 mol percent of oxyethylene units and the remainder of oxyalkylene units selected from the group consisting of oxypropylene and oxybutylene and having a terminal alkylene group derived from an oxyalkylene unit, and X represents a bivalent linkage selected from the group consisting of acetals and ketals;
• alkylene oxide adducts selected from the group consisting of (1) high molecular weight lipophilic radicals having
• the present invention relates to extraordinarily low-foaming washing :and cleansing agents, having particular utility for the cleansing of dishes in mechanical dishwashers. They are characterized by a mixture comprising the following individual constituents:
• the components A, B and C used for the preparation of the mixtures are known or are obtainable according to well known processes.
• the preparation of the compounds A may be accomplished by an addition of alkylene oxides to those higher molecular weight aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic compounds, which contain reactive hydrogen atoms, bonded through the hcteroatoms O, S or N.
• the aliphatic compounds possess higher molecular weight radicals with 8 to 36, and preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms and are preferably of the formula wherein R represents a radical having from 8 to 36 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkadieuyl and hydroxy-alkenyl, H represents a replaceable hydrogen and Y represents a bridging link selected from the group consisting of
• the aliphatic-aromatic compounds possess higher molecular weight radicals with 12 to 22, and preferably 14 to 18 carbon atoms and are preferably of the formula wherein Y and H have the above assigned values and R represents a radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkylphenyl, alkylnapthyl, alkoxyphenyl and alkylcyclohexyl.
• the hydrocarbon radicals R and R may contain conventional substituents such as hydroxyl groups, halide atoms, or alkyl side chains.
• the alkylene oxides to be added consist of more than 50 mol percent of ethylene oxide, while a lesser molecular portion may consist of propylene oxide and/ or butylene oxide.
• ethylene oxide is added in the first step and thereafter propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide is then added.
• the reaction is accomplished in the usual manner, for example, by utilizing pressure in the presence of alkaline catalysts.
• Compound A may also be prepared by reacting higher molecular weight aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic compounds with compounds containing prepared polyoxyalkylene chains, for example, the esterification of higher molecular weight carboxylic acids with polyethylene glycols or the etherification of higher molecular weight alcohols with polyethylene glycols.
• the following may be utilized: higher A molecular weight aliphatic alcohols, carboxylic acids, mercaptans, amines, carboxylic acid amides or carboxylic acid alkanolamides, sulfonic acid amides and the like, as well as alkylphenols.
• the polyoxyalkylene derivatives obtained from these compounds contain 4 to 60, and preferably 10 to 40 oxyethylene units. Insofar as propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide are added, the molar ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene or butylene oxide is advantageously from 120.03 to 1:0.3.
• Examples for compound A are: the adduct of 15 mols of ethylene oxide with dodecyl alchohol; the adduct of 20 mols of ethylene oxide with a fatty alcohol mixture of the chain length C C the adduct of 35 mols of ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol; the adduct of 15 mols of ethylene oxide with oleyl alcohol; the adduct of 37 mols of ethylene oxide with a dodecyl alcohol dimerized according to the Guerbet method; the adduct of 25 mols of ethylene oxide with isotridecyl alchohol; the adduct of 30 mols of ethylene oxide with nonylphenol; the adduct of 10 mols ethylene oxide with a coconut oil fatty acid amide mixture of the chain length C -C the esterification product of 1 mol of a polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 2200) with 2 mols of a fatty acid mixture of the chain length C
• the above compound A may be substituted either entirely or partly by an ethylene oxide adduct, containing 35 to mol percent of oxyethylene radicals, adducted to a propylene oxide polymer having a molecular weight of 1000 to 4000, preferably 1700 to 3250.
• the propylene oxide polymers having a molecular weight of 1000 to 4000 contain from 17 to 69 oxypropylene units in the molecule.
• the ethylene oxide adducts to propylene oxide polymers, to be used in compound A are well known compounds. For example, they can be obtained by polymerization of propylene oxide in the presence of alkaline catalysts, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium methylate and others, to give a polypropylene glycol and subsequently adducted under the same conditions with 35 to 85 mol percent of ethylene oxide based on the total number of the alkylene oxide radicals in the molecule.
• the preparation of the propylene oxide polymers may be carried out also by addition of propylene oxide to lower molecular weight aliphatic or aromatic compounds having 2 to 6 carbon atoms containing hydroxyl and/or amino groups and at least 2 reactive hydrogen atoms.
• Examples of such compounds are glycol, glycerin, sugar alcohols, ethylene diamine, phenylene diamine, alkanolamines and the like.
• the propylene oxide adducts of the lower molecular weight aliphatic or armoatic compounds having 2 to 6 carbon atoms containing hydroxyl and/or amino groups and at least 2 reactive hydrogen atoms having a molecular weight of 1000 to 4000 contain from 15 to 67 oxypropylene units in the molecule.
• Examples of compounds of the above type are the adducts of 17, 60 or 159 mols of ethylene oxide to a polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1750 or having about 30 oxypropylene units; the adduct of 51 mols of ethylene oxide to a polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 2250; the adduct of 250 mols of ethylene oxide to a polypropylene glycol consisting of 48 oxypropylene radicals; the adduct of 295 mols of ethylene oxide to a polypropylene glycol consisting of 56 oxypropylene radicals; the adduct of 30 mols of propylene oxide and 26.5 mols of ethylene oxide or 48 mols of propylene oxide and 42 mols of ethylene oxide to ethylene diamine; the adduct of 48 mols of propylene oxide and 42 mols of ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol.
• the compounds of group B are obtained by reaction of 2 mols of polyoxyalkylene compounds containing high molecular weight radicals A with 1 mol of either an aldehyde or a ketone.
• an aldehyde or a ketone For the formation of an acetal, primarily formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are to be considered, however, other aldehydes such as propionaldehyde, benzaldehyde, acrolein, glycolaldehyde and glyoxal, may be used.
• Ketones suitable for the formation of the ketals are for example acetone, acetophenone, methyl ethylketone, etc.
• acetals or ketals examples include the formaldehyde acetals of the following adducts: nonylphenol adducted with mols of ethylene oxide; fatty alcohol admixture C -C adducted with 20 mols of ethylene oxide; dodecylalcohol adducted with 12 mols of ethylene oxide; dodecylalcohol adducted with 5 mols of propylene oxide-lmols of ethylene oxide; myristic acid monoethanolamide adducted with 10 mols of ethylene oxide; linolenic acid adducted with 20 mols of ethylene oxide; alkane-l,2-diol admixture of the chain lengths C C adducted with 20 mols of ethylene oxide; also the acetaldehyde acetal of an adduct of dodecylphenol with mols of ethylene oxide; the ketal of acetone and an adduct of nonyl
• the preparation of the compounds C also starts with the same higher molecular weight compounds as used for the structure of compounds A containing higher molecular weight radicals.
• the preparation is likewise accomplished preferably by addition of alkylene oxides.
• the portion of propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide amounts to more than 50 mol percent, whereas a lesser portion may consist of ethylene oxide.
• ethylene oxide generally is added first and thereafter propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide.
• the polyoxyalkylene derivatives thus obtained contain 4 to 40, preferably 7 to 25, oxypropylene and/or oxybutylene units, preferably in combination with a lesser number of oxyethylene units. In the latter case, the molar ratio of the oxyethylene units to the oxypropylene and/or oxybutylene units is 1:33 to 121.1.
• Examples for compounds of group C are the following: the adduct of 7 mols of ethylene oxide and 10 mols of propylene oxide or of 9 mols of ethylene oxide and 16 mols of propylene oxide to a fatty alcohol admixture of the chain lengths C C the adduct of 4 mols of ethylene oxide and 12 mols of propylene oxide to a fatty acid ethanolamide admixture with the chain lengths C C the adduct of 7 mols of ethylene oxide and 10 mols of propylene oxide to nonylphenol; and the addition product of 9 mols of ethylene oxide and 9.5 mols of propylene oxide to tallow alcohol; the adduct of 8 mols of ethylene oxide, 20 mols of propylene oxide and 2 mols of butylene oxide to nonylphenol; furthermore the formaldehyde acetal of a fatty alcohol admixture of the chain lengths C C reacted with 5 mols of ethylene
• the above compound C may be substituted either entirely or partially by a propylene oxide polymer having a total molecular weight of 1000 to5000, preferably 1700 to 4100, to which up to 30 mol percent of ethylene oxide may be added.
• the propylene oxide polymers having a molecular weight of 1000 to 5000 contain from 17 to 86 oxypropylene units in the molecule.
• These compounds C not containing high molecular weight radicals are obtained similarly as are the compounds A not containing high molecular weight radicals by polymerization of propylene oxide or by the addition of propylene oxide to lower molecular weight compounds with '2 to 6 carbon atoms containing at least 2 reactive hydrogen atoms.
• the propylene oxide adducts of the lower molecular weight compounds containing at least 2 reactive hydrogen atoms having a molecular weight of 1000 to 5000 contain from 15 to 84 oxypropylene units in the molecule.
• Preferably, up to 30 mol percent of ethylene oxide, based on the total number of the alkylene oxide radicals in the molecule are added to the resultant propylene oxide polymer.
• Examples of compounds C not containing high molecular weight radicals are: the adduct of 4.5 mols of ethylene oxide to a polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1750; the adduct of 7 or 16 mols of ethylene oxide to a polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 2750; the adduct of 8.5 mols of ethylene oxide to a polypropylene glycol consisting of 56 oxypropylene radicals; the adduct of 35 mols of propylene oxide to glycerin; the adduct of 48 mols of propylene oxide and 7 mols of ethylene oxide to ethylene diamine.
• the washing and cleansing composition of the invention may be composed of 5 to 79.5% by weight of the components A; 0.5 to 75% by weight of the components B, and 20 to 94.5% by weight of the components C.
• the amounts used of these admixtures in the cleansing bath are within the concentration zone of about 0.02 to 1.0 g./l., preferably 0.05 to 0.3 g./l., based on the total amount of the components A, B and C.
• the composition of the admixtures is variable without running the risk that the outstanding advantage of low foam would be lost. In this way it is possible to render the admixture suitable for the specific requirements of practical use.
• agents with exceptionally good cleaning and wetting effect are obtained, when are relatively large portion of the components A, which in themselves are inclined to greater foam formation, is present in the admixture.
• the draining and clear-drying effect which is important for the appearance of the articles cleaned and dried, may also be favorably influenced, when the portion of the component A is relatively high.
• Example 2 A liquid, concentrated cleansing agent suitable for commercial dishwashers was formed with the following composition:
• Concentrated liquid products such as those preferably B were ht ercen used for dishwashers equlpped with automatic metering y P t devices, may be prepared by dissolvlng the admixtures in Fatty alcohol admixture 312- 18 adducted Wlth 20 water, using organic, water-miscible solvents if necessary. H1018 of ethylene oxide 16 These concentrates contain preferably about 20 to 70% Formaldehyde acetal of a fatty alcohol admixture of the components A, B and C.
• those liquid Nonylphenol adducted with 9 mols of ethylene oxide concentrates may be standardized in such a manner, that mols of propylene oxide 40 they possess a good temperature stability and that they Ethanol 5 are not inclined to precipitate or separate in layers.
• dehydration i 15 The agent was measured as to its amount by means of i of the aqmlxtures m aqueous solution i to adlust an automatic metering device in relation to the hot rinsing 531d dehydration temperature to the respectwe reqmre' water with a temperature of 70 to 90 C in the dishwasher ments for example for nnsmg PP i in quantities of 0.2 to 0.3 g./l.
• the rinsing water contain- The most extreme low-foaming compositlons are attained, in the mduct and fiowin in the Washtank Still resulted as a rule when the dehydration temperature of thfi in no disturbing foam forriation in spite of intensive liqtltllgihiirslesbelow the rmsmg temperature of commerclal uor Circulation. 1
• the foam apparatus as used was constructed in simi- Nonylphenol adducted wlth 20 mols of ethylene lar manner as a modern dishwasher operating according to oxide 1l the 1et spray system.
• a pump By means of a pump about 170 liters Formaldehyde acetal of nonylphenol adducted with of water per minute were rotated and sprayed into the N 20 8 gz a 1:33: ,i' 'g 'gj 'g 'i 'g'z ag metering chamber by means of a rotating spray-arm prog; us l O y 11 vided with nozzles.
• Foam heads from 0 to 280 mm.
• the admixture was used in a concentration of 0.2 to liquor temperature during the tests was C., the hard- 0.4 g./l., preferably between 50 and C. and developed, ness of the water used was 16 dH and the duration of even under extreme conditions, no appreciable amount of the foam test lasted 5 minutes. The reading of the foam foam. On the other hand it had an exceptional wetting height was done immediately after the machine came to a and cleansing effect so that dishes of clean appearance 45 standstill.
• the foam apparatus is described in Fette, and a clear luster were the result. Seifen, Anstrichstoff,. 66 (1964), 529.
• Ethylenediamine adduoted with is 0.12 g of f 1111018 f ethlyiiime e I 20 255 nolishoflprop l ane oxide plus 146 mols weig 23 2 V00 0 9011 a oe yeneoxie.
• Example 12 An exceptionally low-foaming liquid washing agent for household dishwashers has the following composition:
• the admixture was liquid and had a turbidity point of 40. It was measured by means of an automatically operating dosing device into the rinsing bath in amounts of 0.2 to 0.4 g./l., the liquor temperature being about 80. A rapid drying of the dishes after the rinsing was obtained. The ready rinsed dishes were glossy-clear and showed no drops or spots. Even in high-capacity machines with considerable water circulation no annoying foam affecting the cleansing process, occurred, neither at the start of the cold machine nor during the continuous process in the hot machine.
• a composition of washing and cleansing agents having low foaming properties consisting essentially of:
• A represents an ethylene oxide adduct containing from 4 to 60 oxyethylene units of a high molecular weight lipophilic radical of the formula selected from the group consisting of wherein R represents a radical having from 8 to 36 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and mono-hydroxy-alkenyl, R represents alkylphenyl having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and Y represents a bridging link selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, CONH and COO; adducted first with oxyethylene units and thereafter with oxyalkylene units selected from the group consisting of oxypropylene and oxybutylene units; said oxyethylene units being in a ratio to said oxyalkylene units selected from the group consisting of 1 to 0 and 1 to 0.03 to 1 to 0.3, and having a terminal methylene group derived from said oxyalkylene oxide units, R represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, and R is selected
• alkylene oxide adducts selected from the group consisting of (1) an alkylene oxide adduct of a high molecular weight lipophilic radical of the formula selected from the group consisting of wherein R represents a radical having from 8 to 36 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyl, 'alkenyl and mono-hydroxy-alkenyl, -R' represents alkylphenyl having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and Y represents a bridging link selected from the group consisting of O, S, NH, CONH and COO; adducted first with oxyethylene oxide units and thereafter with oxyalkylene oxide units selected from the group consisting of oxypropylene and oxybutylene, said oxyethylene units being in a ratio to said pxyalkylene units selected from the group consisting of to 1 and 1 to 33 to 1 to 1.1, from 4 to 40 oxypropylene units and oxybutylene units being present
• ingredient A(l) contains from 4 to 60 oxyethylene units and 1 to 20 oxypropylene units in 'a molar ratio of oxyethylene units to oxypropylene units of 1:0.03 to 1:033.
• ingredient C(l) contains from 1 to 30 oxyethylene units and 4 to 40 oxypropylene units in a molar ratio of oxyethylene to oxypropylene of 1:33 to 1:1.1.
• Aqueous low-foaming compositions containing from 25% to 60% of the composition of claim 1.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said ethylene oxide adducts of (A) are ethylene oxide adducts of high molecular weight lipophilic radicals of the formula 8.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said ethylene oxide adducts of (A) are ethylene oxide adducts of high molecular weight lipophilic radicals of the formula 9.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said ethylene oxide adducts of (A) are ethylene oxide adducts of alkanols having from 10 to 20* carbon atoms adducted' with from 4 to oxyethylene units.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said ethylene oxide adducts of (A) are ethylene oxide adducts of alkylphenols having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms adducted with from 4 to 60 oxyethylene units.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

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Cited By (16)

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Citations (7)

• 1964
  • 1964-01-11 DE DEH51338A patent/DE1225800B/de active Pending
  • 1964-12-04 NL NL6414130A patent/NL6414130A/xx unknown
• 1965
  • 1965-01-08 CH CH27265A patent/CH488008A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1965-01-08 GB GB848/65A patent/GB1030182A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-01-11 SE SE00304/65A patent/SE329683B/xx unknown
  • 1965-01-11 BE BE658112D patent/BE658112A/xx unknown
  • 1965-11-26 DE DE1467618A patent/DE1467618C3/de not_active Expired
• 1966
  • 1966-06-01 US US554324A patent/US3382176A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1966-10-27 NL NL6615208A patent/NL6615208A/xx unknown
  • 1966-11-25 BE BE690212D patent/BE690212A/xx unknown
  • 1966-11-25 GB GB52855/66A patent/GB1094949A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (7)

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