US3361924A - Electric lamp filament - Google Patents

Electric lamp filament Download PDF

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Publication number
US3361924A
US3361924A US352121A US35212164A US3361924A US 3361924 A US3361924 A US 3361924A US 352121 A US352121 A US 352121A US 35212164 A US35212164 A US 35212164A US 3361924 A US3361924 A US 3361924A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
light
filament
emitting
incandescent
ridges
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US352121A
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English (en)
Inventor
Agdur Nils Bertil
Boling Kurt Goran Rafael
Ohman Karl Yugve
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Kooperativa Forbundet KF Ekonomisk Forening
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
    • H01K1/14—Incandescent bodies characterised by the shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
    • H01K1/04—Incandescent bodies characterised by the material thereof
    • H01K1/08—Metallic bodies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to light-emitting elements or filaments as used in incandescent electric lamps and the like for producing or emitting visible light radiation and, more particularly, to such elements or laments which include a large plurality of light-emitting points or sources for enhanced efficiency and increased emission of light.
  • visible light radiation is conventionally produced in incandescent lamps by thermal radiation as an electric current is passed through a filament or wire heating it to incandescence.
  • a Wide variety of materials isavailable and has been used for such incandescent filaments, as well as a wide variety of configurations of the wires or filaments as supported within the enclosing envelope of the lamp bulb.
  • metallic filaments such as fine tungsten wire, etc.
  • the thin wire from which the filament is formed has had a relatively smooth surface or a surface generally as smooth as is conventionally produced in the formation of the thin filament wire in the first place.
  • filament wires and ribbons and like arrangements for use as the incandescent filament in an electric lamp, but having on the light-emitting surface thereof a large plurality of ridges and depressions or outwardly extending points or crystal protrusions or other rough or textued surface ⁇ configurations whereby the light-emitting output is substantially increased as the individual ridges or depressions in the rough surface all form an increased plurality of individual light-emitting sources or elements upon the electric exploitationztion of the filament.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a portion of an incandescent filament wire embodying and for practicing this invention and having a large plurality of ridges and depressions on the surface thereof;
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse section along the line 2 2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic showing of one manner of producing the filament Wire of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a further embodiment of this invention illustrating a metallic ribbon as an incandescent lament and carrying on the surface thereof a large plurality of point sources as sintered powder;
  • FIG. 5 is a further embodiment of this invention illustrating an incandescent filament as a metallic ribbon, the surface of which has been etched to separate or delineate individual crystals or crystal lattices.
  • FIG. l a small section of tungsten filament wire 10 carrying on the surface thereof a large number ⁇ of axial ridges 11 and grooves therebetween, all indicated by the axial lines in FIG. 1 and around the transverse section of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 a die 15 is shown having a drawing orifice 16 therein of substantially the same diameter as the diameter of wire 10 (which may satisfactorily be conventional tungsten incandescent lamp filament wire).
  • the upper portion 17 of orifice 16 has a slightly flared configuration in which is deposited a supply of diamond powder indicated at 18.
  • diamond powder 18 will form in the surface thereof the various axial grooves and ridges therebetween as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • ridges 11 may be regular and symmetrical in disposition on the outer surface of wire 10, this is not necessary for satisfactory results here, a more or less random disposition being satisfactory.
  • the height of ridges 11 and depth of the recesses or grooves therebetween, when measured from the average level of the roughened surface is generally of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of the light radiation desired to be produced c g., within the range ⁇ of about l-2 microns for light in optical range.
  • the widths and distances between adjacent ridges or recesses 11 will be generally of the same order of magnitude as the radial extents thereof as defined by the grain size of diamond powder and as preferred in accordance herewith, thereby enhancing the effect.
  • a ribbon or strip filament 20 of an appropriate incandescent light filament material such as high-resistance or refractory metals tungsten, molybdenum, platinum, etc.
  • an appropriate incandescent light filament material such as high-resistance or refractory metals tungsten, molybdenum, platinum, etc.
  • the grain size of the powdered material indicated at 21 is specifically selected so that, as sintered upon the light-emitting surf-ace of ribbon 20, the height of the various point sources of powder granules approaches or is generally of the same order of magnitude as the Wave length of the radiation desired to be produced thereby.
  • the eective lightemitting surface of filament is increased and the efficiency and light emission therefrom is also increased by the large plurality of point sources provided by the powder granules sintered onto the surface of ribbon 20.
  • ridges may be applied to an otherwise smooth filament surface as by sintering or otherwise, in accordance herewith, and preferably, under circumstances Where the width of the ridges and the grooves therebetween, as well as the height and/or depth thereof all are produced as approximating or generally of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of the light desired to be emitted thereby.
  • FIG. 5 A further embodiment of an incandescent lament structure arranged in accordance herewith is illustrated in FIG. 5 as comprising a rolled tungsten (or other appropriate metal) ribbon 30, the light-emitting surface of which has been polished and etched (somewhat in the manner of preparing metallic specimens for microscopic metallographic or crystallographic inspection) whereby individual crystal forms or lattices in the metallic microstructure are somewhat isolated or separated (as indicated by the random shapes shown as 31).
  • an etched pattern generally of the random form indicated in FIG.
  • each of the irregularly and randomly shaped crystallographic areas 31 forms a source of light-emitting surface, upon energization of the ribbon 30, in much the same manner in accordance herewith as the powdered granules of the embodiment of FIG. 4 and/or the axial ridges of the embodiment of FIG. l.
  • the depth of etch is preferably of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of the light desired to be emitted thereby.
  • the heights (or depths) of said sources with respect to the average level of filament surface is correlated with and approximates or, at least, is generally of the same order of magnitude as the wave lengths of the radiation desired to be emitted thereby.
  • the term average level used above refers to the surface level of the wire or ribbon, etc., under ocular observation and without -respect to the surface changes caused by the noted ridges or grooves or points.
  • a light-producing element for incandescent electric lamps and the like for producing visible light radiation upon energization of said element comprising an electrically conductive light-emitting elongated metallic filament having a roughened and textured light-emitting surface including a large plurality of small protrusions and depressions spaced over said surface, the heights of said protrusions and depths of said depressions with respect to the average level of said surface being generally of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of said visible light radiation produced upon enregization of said element.
  • a light-producing element for incandescent electric lamps and the like for producing visible light radiation upon energization of said element comprising an electrically conductive light-emitting elongated metallic filament having a roughened and textured light-emitting surface .including a large plurality of small protrusions and depressions and randomly oriented over said surface, the heights of said protrusions and depths of said depressions with respect to the average level of said surface being generally of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of said visible light radiation produced upon energization of said element, said protrusions being formed as generally axially disposed ridges on said surface.
  • a light-producing element for incandescent electric lamps and the like for producing visible light radiation upon energization of said element comprising an electrically conductive light-emitting elongated metallic lament having a roughened and textured light-emitting surface including a large plurality of small protrusions spaced over said surface, the heights of said protrusions with respect to the average level of said surface and the lateral spacing thereamong being generally of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of said visible light radiation produced upon energization of said element, said protrusions being formed as discrete granules of conductive light-emitting material atlxed to said surface.
  • a light-producing element for incandescent electric lamps and the like for producing visible light radiation upon energization of said element comprising an electrically conductive light-emitting elongated metallic filament having a roughened and textured light-emitting surface including a large plurality of small protrusions spaced over said surface, the heights of said protrusions with respect to the average level of said surface being generally of the same order of magnitude as the wave length of said visible light radiation produced upon energization of said element, said protrusions being formed as distinct crystal lattices in the microstructure of said filament and being separated and defined on said surface by recesses along the borders of said crystal lattices.
  • a light-producing element as recited in claim 3 in which saidgranules are the same material as that of said filament and are sintered to said surface thereof.
  • a light-producing element as recited in claim 4 in which said protruding crystal ⁇ lattices are generally of the same crystalline orientation and said recesses are randomly oriented on said surface.

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  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US352121A 1963-03-21 1964-03-16 Electric lamp filament Expired - Lifetime US3361924A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE306963 1963-03-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3361924A true US3361924A (en) 1968-01-02

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US352121A Expired - Lifetime US3361924A (en) 1963-03-21 1964-03-16 Electric lamp filament
US645087A Expired - Lifetime US3468006A (en) 1963-03-21 1967-05-01 Electric lamp filament

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US645087A Expired - Lifetime US3468006A (en) 1963-03-21 1967-05-01 Electric lamp filament

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US (2) US3361924A (da)
AT (1) AT245678B (da)
CH (1) CH424978A (da)
DE (1) DE1489355B2 (da)
DK (1) DK124435B (da)
GB (1) GB1066803A (da)
NL (1) NL302399A (da)
NO (1) NO119365B (da)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3772570A (en) * 1971-02-11 1973-11-13 Siemens Ag Gas-discharge overvoltage arrester
US3789255A (en) * 1972-01-12 1974-01-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Non-sag incandescent tungsten filament for an incandescent lamp
US4370589A (en) * 1980-09-02 1983-01-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Filament connector means for electric incandescent lamp
US20060094968A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2006-05-04 Drew Touby A Data compression method for implantable medical devices

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1051744A (en) * 1912-02-24 1913-01-28 Drahtlose Telegraphie Gmbh Spark-gap for impulse excitation.
US1614562A (en) * 1925-09-05 1927-01-18 Clemens A Laise Apparatus and method of wire drawing and alloy wires used for radiotubes and other purposes
US1651413A (en) * 1923-07-19 1927-12-06 Westinghouse Lamp Co Method and apparatus for preventing slippage of coil-wound mandrels
US1826514A (en) * 1926-11-26 1931-10-06 Westinghouse Lamp Co Tungsten and method of manufacturing the same
US1832009A (en) * 1926-03-02 1931-11-17 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Vapor discharge device
US1970532A (en) * 1929-07-27 1934-08-14 Philips Nv Electric discharge tube
US2284288A (en) * 1939-06-07 1942-05-26 Callite Tungsten Corp Lamp-making method
US2449113A (en) * 1944-07-22 1948-09-14 Fruth Hal Frederick Electric discharge device
US2666158A (en) * 1951-07-12 1954-01-12 Polaroid Corp Electric projection lamp
FR1137415A (fr) * 1955-07-13 1957-05-28 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Paroi, ou surface anodique pour tube à vide fonctionnant par impulsions
US2900254A (en) * 1954-10-13 1959-08-18 Sylvania Electric Prod Process of producing sintered metal sheets
GB840853A (en) * 1957-02-07 1960-07-13 Carves Simon Ltd Improvements relating to discharge electrodes for electrostatic precipitators
US2959704A (en) * 1958-10-09 1960-11-08 Gen Electric Overvoltage protective device
US3108871A (en) * 1960-08-19 1963-10-29 Alloys Res & Mfg Corp Method of cladding metals
US3119040A (en) * 1960-03-21 1964-01-21 Gen Electric Gas discharge gap tube
US3174043A (en) * 1961-06-01 1965-03-16 Field Emission Corp Short pulse-high intensity vacuum arc x-ray system
US3248591A (en) * 1961-11-10 1966-04-26 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Discharge lamp electrode with integral cooling means

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1647139A (en) * 1922-06-23 1927-11-01 Westinghouse Lamp Co Manufacture of incandescent lamps
US1924734A (en) * 1931-03-11 1933-08-29 Aluminum Co Of America Method of making tubular materials
US2257644A (en) * 1936-03-14 1941-09-30 Nat Standard Co Wire drawing mechanism
US2928528A (en) * 1954-06-02 1960-03-15 Canada Steel Co Wire-drawing die
US3220107A (en) * 1961-03-06 1965-11-30 Texas Instruments Inc Manufacture of clad rods, tubing and clad tubing
US3148267A (en) * 1961-10-16 1964-09-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Tungsten filament fabrication

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1051744A (en) * 1912-02-24 1913-01-28 Drahtlose Telegraphie Gmbh Spark-gap for impulse excitation.
US1651413A (en) * 1923-07-19 1927-12-06 Westinghouse Lamp Co Method and apparatus for preventing slippage of coil-wound mandrels
US1614562A (en) * 1925-09-05 1927-01-18 Clemens A Laise Apparatus and method of wire drawing and alloy wires used for radiotubes and other purposes
US1832009A (en) * 1926-03-02 1931-11-17 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Vapor discharge device
US1826514A (en) * 1926-11-26 1931-10-06 Westinghouse Lamp Co Tungsten and method of manufacturing the same
US1970532A (en) * 1929-07-27 1934-08-14 Philips Nv Electric discharge tube
US2284288A (en) * 1939-06-07 1942-05-26 Callite Tungsten Corp Lamp-making method
US2449113A (en) * 1944-07-22 1948-09-14 Fruth Hal Frederick Electric discharge device
US2666158A (en) * 1951-07-12 1954-01-12 Polaroid Corp Electric projection lamp
US2900254A (en) * 1954-10-13 1959-08-18 Sylvania Electric Prod Process of producing sintered metal sheets
FR1137415A (fr) * 1955-07-13 1957-05-28 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Paroi, ou surface anodique pour tube à vide fonctionnant par impulsions
GB840853A (en) * 1957-02-07 1960-07-13 Carves Simon Ltd Improvements relating to discharge electrodes for electrostatic precipitators
US2959704A (en) * 1958-10-09 1960-11-08 Gen Electric Overvoltage protective device
US3119040A (en) * 1960-03-21 1964-01-21 Gen Electric Gas discharge gap tube
US3108871A (en) * 1960-08-19 1963-10-29 Alloys Res & Mfg Corp Method of cladding metals
US3174043A (en) * 1961-06-01 1965-03-16 Field Emission Corp Short pulse-high intensity vacuum arc x-ray system
US3248591A (en) * 1961-11-10 1966-04-26 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Discharge lamp electrode with integral cooling means

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3772570A (en) * 1971-02-11 1973-11-13 Siemens Ag Gas-discharge overvoltage arrester
US3789255A (en) * 1972-01-12 1974-01-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Non-sag incandescent tungsten filament for an incandescent lamp
US4370589A (en) * 1980-09-02 1983-01-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Filament connector means for electric incandescent lamp
US20060094968A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2006-05-04 Drew Touby A Data compression method for implantable medical devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3468006A (en) 1969-09-23
DE1489355A1 (de) 1969-02-20
DK124435B (da) 1972-10-16
GB1066803A (en) 1967-04-26
CH424978A (de) 1966-11-30
NL302399A (da)
DE1489355B2 (de) 1971-08-19
NO119365B (da) 1970-05-11
AT245678B (de) 1966-03-10

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