US3361066A - Practice shell - Google Patents

Practice shell Download PDF

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Publication number
US3361066A
US3361066A US513430A US51343065A US3361066A US 3361066 A US3361066 A US 3361066A US 513430 A US513430 A US 513430A US 51343065 A US51343065 A US 51343065A US 3361066 A US3361066 A US 3361066A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
shell
composition charge
charge
smoke
case
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US513430A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gawlick Heinz
Stahlmann Rudolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dynamit Nobel AG
Original Assignee
Dynamit Nobel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dynamit Nobel AG filed Critical Dynamit Nobel AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3361066A publication Critical patent/US3361066A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/42—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of illuminating type, e.g. carrying flares
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/02—Cartridges

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT IF THE DISCLOSURE
  • the present disclosure relates to a practice projectile having a central opening aperture containing therein a forward impact fuse, an adjacent smoke producing charge, an adjacent piston, and an adjacent tracer producing charge. Upon firing the projectile from the Weapon, the tracer charge is ignited to give a visible trace of the trajectory.
  • the impact fuse When the projectile strikes the target, the impact fuse is ignited to in turn ignite the smoke producing charge, which produces high pressure gases to drive the piston rearwardly and out of the central aperture so that all remaining portions of the tracer composition are discharged loosely and unconfined for dispersion in the air where they cannot start accidental fires.
  • the tracer composition charge is to be ignited already during firing for the purpose of achieving a tracer path indicating the flight trajectory whereas the smoke composition charge is to be ignited only upon impact of the shell for purposes of marking the impact place, it follows that the tracer composition charge is accommodated in the rear part of the shell and the smoke composition charge together with the associated percussion fuse or impact detonator is accommodated within the shell in front of the tracer composition charge.
  • the tracer composition charge is pressed in the usual manner into a case, closed on one side with a securely arranged bottom, for example, formed thereon, and is inserted by means thereof into the practice shell or projectile with the bottom facing forwardly, it may also happen, insofar as no separate lateral discharge apertures are provided in the shell body for the discharge or escape of the gases of the smoke composition charge, that the tracer composition case is ejected and thrown out toward the rear of the shell together with the stillburning tracer composition charge by the pressure of the developing gases of the smoke composition charge. This may happen, even if the tracer composition case is pressed more or less rigidly into the shell and is additionally secured in the same by means of a cap, clamped or wedged onto the rear end thereof.
  • the ejection of the tracer composition case out of the shell may be prevented by the aforementioned known measure of the arrangement and construction of lateral escape apertures for the gases of the smoke composition charge and therewith the greatest first danger may be eliminated.
  • the completely satisfactory functioning of such lateral gas discharge apertures is, however, jeopardized at least if the shell is strongly deformed during impact on, for example, hard rocks or the like which may be the case above all with the small caliber practice shells made for the most part of relatively soft material such as lead or lead alloy, or if the shell should bore very deeply into soft terrain.
  • the reduction of fire hazard by the arrangement and construction of lateral gas discharge apertures in the shell body would be synonymous with the acceptance of other disadvantages and uncertainties whence such measures cannot completely satisfy.
  • the purpose of the present invention resides in providing a solution for practice shells having an axial aperture starting from the rear end and provided in this aperture with a percussion fuse, a smoke composition charge to be ignited by the percussion fuse and a tracer composition charge to be ignited during firing-arranged one behind the other when going from in front to the rearwhich solution not only eliminates any danger of the possibility of fires by the tracer composition charge but simultaneously therewith assures also the particularly advantageous and appropriate escape of the smoke produced by the smoke composition charge out of the rear end of the shell.
  • the solution according to the present invention essentially consists in the proposal to separate the smoke composition charge and the tracer composition charge by an easily ejectable bottom adapted to be easily ejected toward the rear, Whose cross section on the side of the tracer composition coincides with that of the tracer composition.
  • the arrangement and construction of this bottom is also made in such a manner that the cross section on the side of the smoke composition corresponds approximately to that of the smoke composition.
  • the bottom may be made in a particularly appropriate manner of a powder-like inert mass in that the inert mass is pressed-in during the laboratory work of the compositions in a corresponding manner or is prefabricated into a blank and inserted as such into the shell.
  • One aims at and also achieves thereby that the bottom is decomposed, after the ignition of the smoke composition charge, by the pressure produced during burning thereof into its powdershaped component parts and is correspondingly more readily ejected and atomized or pulverized, together with the remainder of the tracer composition charge.
  • a further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a practice shell containing both a tracer composition and smoke composition charge which assures proper burning of the smoke composition charge upon impact of the shell on the ground while causing the residues, if any, of the tracer composition charge to be ejected out of the shell in such a manner as to reduce the fire hazards.
  • a still further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a practice shell having a smoke composition charge and tracer composition charge which assures proper operation and functioning of the respective charges in proper timed relationship.
  • Still a further object of the present invention resides in a practice shell of the type described above which permits great versatility in the use and application of the shell.
  • the single figure illustrates an axial cross-sectional view through a small caliber practice shell adapted to be fired from a liner in accordance with the present invention.
  • reference numeral 1 designates therein the practice shell made, for example, of lead or lead alloy and provided with rear and forward guide rings 3 and 4, respectively, which is inserted into a cartridge or shell case 2 extended up to the forward guide rings 4.
  • the propellant charge 6 and primer 7 are arranged in the bottom of the cartridge or shell case 2.
  • the practice shell 1 is provided within its axial recess, lined by means of the reinforcing case S and going from in front to the rear, with an im pact fuse 9, with the smoke composition case 10 having an ignition channel 11 and containing the smoke composition charge 12 and with the tracer composition case 13 containing the tracer composition charge 14.
  • the smoke composition charge 12 and the tracer composition charge 14 are separated from one another by the bottom or piston 15 which at the same time represents the bottom of the tracer composition case 13 and is supported within the latter by means of the shoulder-shaped step 16 formed by the collar or flange-shaped extension against the forward end of the shell 1 in such a manner that the bottom 15 is retained in its position toward the front but can be ejected toward the rear whereby it is clear, of course, that it has to be correspondingly matched for that purpose to the case 13 as regards shapes and dimensions of its cross section.
  • the reinforcing case 8 as well as the parts arranged therein are secured against falling out by means of the cap 17 appropriately secured on the rear end of the shell 1, for example, by being pressed thereon, clamped thereon or also retained thereon by a plug or threaded connection.
  • the impact fuse 9 ignites the smoke composition charge 12 by way of the ignition channel 11.
  • the bottom 15 is ejected toward the rear out of the case 13 or out of the shell 1 by the pressure produced by the burning of the smoke composition charge 12, whereby eventually any not yet burned out or still burning parts of the trace compo sh tion charge 14, which were ignited already during firing of the shell 1 and which are still present within the case 13 and have not yet burned out or are still burning, are ejected toward the rear and are thereby pulverized so that, on the one hand, a fire hazard is avoided and, on the other, the smoke of the smoke composition charge can now leave into the atmosphere unimpededly through the now empty case 13 and can thereby become visible.
  • the bottom 15, on the ejection side thereof corresponds approximately to the cross section of the tracer composition charge 14 so that the latter is completely ejected and pulverized, which is assured in particular when during the ejection of the bottom 15 a more or less large wiping effect occurs between the bottom 15 and the surrounding walls of the case or shell, which can be readily achieved by a corresponding dimensioning of the parts.
  • the aperture 18 of a securing cap 17 provided on the rear end of the shell is chosen so large that the cap 17 projects at no place into the cross section of the tracer composition charge 14 or of the ejection side of the bottom 15.
  • the manner of securing of such a cap is without significance; for this can be achieved in a completely satisfactory manner in numerous ways, completely apart from the fact that the good and safe securing of any used cases may also be achieved without difliculty by dispensing with such a cap.
  • a practice projectile for firing from a weapon through a trajectory to impact upon a target and having an axis, a front end and a rear end, with respect to the trajectory comprising: a projectile body; tracer composition charge means within said body for burning to produce a visible tracer products trail of the trajectory; smoke composition charge means within said body for ignition to produce a visible smoke products signal of the target impact location; fuse means within said body for igniting said smoke composition charge means upon impact of the projectile at the target; ejection means within said body for actuation upon impact of the projectile at the target for rejecting substantially any remaining portions of said tracer composition charge means loosely and unconfined from said body for dispersement.
  • said body has internal side walls forming a substantially axially extending aperture opening rearwardly; said fuse means, smoke composition charge means and tracer composition charge means being arranged serially front to rear in said aperture, respectively; said ejection means including a piston between said tracer composition charge means and smoke composition charge means and engaging said body side walls to form therewith an expandible Working chamber forwardly of said piston having therein said smoke composition charge means, said Walls to the rear of said piston having substantially the same cross sectional configuration as said piston perpendicular to the axis and engaging said tracer composition charge means, and said smoke composition charge means driving said piston rearwardly out of said aperture upon ignition thereof for wiping said side walls of said tracer composition charge means.
  • said wall means includes a single substantially tubular case having therein said smoke and tracer composition charge means; said piston is a separate plug within said case.
  • said side walls include a separate substantially tubular case for each of said smoke composition charge means and said tracer composition charge means, respectively, arranged axially aligned with respect to each other; said piston is a separate plug within said case.
  • said wall means includes a single substantially tubular case having therein said smoke and tracer composition charge means; said piston is a separate plug within said case.
  • said side walls include a separate substantially tubular case for each of said smoke composition charge means and said tracer composition charge means, respectively, arranged axially aligned with respect to each other; said piston is a separate plug within said case.
US513430A 1964-12-24 1965-12-13 Practice shell Expired - Lifetime US3361066A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0046147 1964-12-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3361066A true US3361066A (en) 1968-01-02

Family

ID=7049527

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US513430A Expired - Lifetime US3361066A (en) 1964-12-24 1965-12-13 Practice shell

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3361066A (de)
AT (1) AT255938B (de)
BE (1) BE674106A (de)
DE (1) DE1428678C3 (de)
FR (1) FR1461180A (de)
NL (1) NL150906B (de)
NO (1) NO115568B (de)
SE (1) SE320300B (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4007690A (en) * 1975-11-21 1977-02-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Practice bomb signal for day or night operation
US4519316A (en) * 1981-11-25 1985-05-28 Bethmann Karl W Ammunition, preferably for machine cannons, including a projectile equipped with a tracer, with the lethal range of the projectile being limited if the target is missed
US6269747B1 (en) * 1998-08-17 2001-08-07 Nammo Raufoss As Training rocket for smoke development
US20060117981A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2006-06-08 Williams Janet E Personal safety device
EP2801784A1 (de) * 2004-04-02 2014-11-12 Techventure Investments Pty Ltd Geschoss
US9052175B1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2015-06-09 SCTA Associates, Trustee for Sabotage Cartridge with Toxic Agent CRT Trust Sabotage cartridge with toxic agent
WO2018172198A1 (de) * 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Adaptiver wurfkörper
USRE47187E1 (en) 2013-07-31 2019-01-01 Techventure Investments Pty Ltd Projectile body and corresponding ammunition round for small arms or a light firearm

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2900914A (en) * 1958-03-11 1959-08-25 Thomas Q Ciccone Incendiary projectile
US3013495A (en) * 1959-07-10 1961-12-19 Stevenson Thomas Spotter-tracer projectile
US3101054A (en) * 1960-10-05 1963-08-20 Stevenson Thomas Electrically initiated spotter tracer bullet
US3236184A (en) * 1962-11-21 1966-02-22 Dynamit Nobel Ag Artillery shell

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2900914A (en) * 1958-03-11 1959-08-25 Thomas Q Ciccone Incendiary projectile
US3013495A (en) * 1959-07-10 1961-12-19 Stevenson Thomas Spotter-tracer projectile
US3101054A (en) * 1960-10-05 1963-08-20 Stevenson Thomas Electrically initiated spotter tracer bullet
US3236184A (en) * 1962-11-21 1966-02-22 Dynamit Nobel Ag Artillery shell

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4007690A (en) * 1975-11-21 1977-02-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Practice bomb signal for day or night operation
US4519316A (en) * 1981-11-25 1985-05-28 Bethmann Karl W Ammunition, preferably for machine cannons, including a projectile equipped with a tracer, with the lethal range of the projectile being limited if the target is missed
US6269747B1 (en) * 1998-08-17 2001-08-07 Nammo Raufoss As Training rocket for smoke development
US20060117981A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2006-06-08 Williams Janet E Personal safety device
US7310902B2 (en) * 2003-03-26 2007-12-25 Janet Elizabeth Williams Personal safety device
EP2801784A1 (de) * 2004-04-02 2014-11-12 Techventure Investments Pty Ltd Geschoss
USRE47187E1 (en) 2013-07-31 2019-01-01 Techventure Investments Pty Ltd Projectile body and corresponding ammunition round for small arms or a light firearm
US9052175B1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2015-06-09 SCTA Associates, Trustee for Sabotage Cartridge with Toxic Agent CRT Trust Sabotage cartridge with toxic agent
WO2018172198A1 (de) * 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Adaptiver wurfkörper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1428678C3 (de) 1974-04-11
SE320300B (de) 1970-02-02
DE1428678B2 (de) 1973-09-13
BE674106A (de) 1966-04-15
NL150906B (nl) 1976-09-15
AT255938B (de) 1967-07-25
FR1461180A (fr) 1966-12-02
NL6514249A (de) 1966-06-27
DE1428678A1 (de) 1969-03-06
NO115568B (de) 1968-10-21

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