US949063A - Ammunition for selective shooting. - Google Patents

Description

ELDGRN. AMMUNITION FOB. SELEOTIVE SHOOTING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG'. 3, 1909.

Patented Feb. 15, 1910.

a. al

nz fr .10 'Cartridges to be UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

HANS DORN, OE

sUHL, GERMANY.-

`.simumvrrroN rca sELE'cTrvE sHoo'rIive.

Be it known vthat LHANS DoRN, citizen of the German Empire, residing at No. 264

Heinrichserstrasse, Suhl,Germany, have in- 5 vented certain new and useful Improve.-

` ments in Ammunition for Selective Shooting, of-which the' following is a specification. This invention'relates to ammunition. for selective sporting. f

guns are known, in which the projectile consisting of a shot containing capsule can beA v discharged. either after the manner'. of the ball shot, the small shot remaining compact 15 during the trajectory of flight, or after the manner of an ordinary small or grapeshot according as the respective main charge. or an alternative char e is caused to explode for the spreading e ect.

vent, as it is already known, always only one of two alternative powder charges being ignited, also to adapt "the cartridge arrangeu This inventlon has for its object toprel# meut not merely for .an alternative mode of tiring as aball sl'lot on the one hand or as a small shot on the other handbut to afford themarksman an opportunity to select from atleast three modes of tiring; thc marksman must be able to use the same cartridge 1 for a' ball shot, 2 for a close grape-shot and 3.

for a -distant grape-shot, lzpe. t'o predetermine the mode of tiring by wa of select-ion with regard to the eect of eit er 1., 2 or 3. The fourth possibility of selection is pref- 354 erably the mode of iiring with ordinary small shot according" to which the. main charge and the eXtra charge-contained within' the projectile chamber-are caused .to lexplode simultaneously. l

In carrying out the invention, special ig- 'nition retardmg fuses are provided in cony nection with the projectile within the car- -trid'ge in a peculiar manner. `The employment of the 'cartridge hereinafterdescribed in Various modifications necessitates the adoption of a shooting un, in which percussive means are vprovi ed, which not only control a single main rimin oint in the.

-cartridge but yalso permit va plurality of ig'- niting accessories to .be operated by way of selection. The special construction of'such shot gun doesnot come within the'sco )e of' this inventionbut it may be stated or a better understanding of the invention that the shot gun is preferably providedY with several triggers, cach of which individually A Specification of Letters Patent. Application ledAu'gnst, 1909. Serial No. 511,027.v

discharged from shootingv Patented Feb. 15, 1.910.

controls the selective firing of the cartridge, i as' hereinafter fully explained.

Referring to the accompanying drawings: Figurel represents the'longitudinal section .tridge according to the invention Fig. 2 is a cross-section according to line AL-B and Flg. 3 is an end view of Athe cartridge according to F ig. 1; Fig. 4 represents amodiication withrespect to the arrangement of the igniting and fusing device in the bottom of theprojectile ofthe cartridge; Fig. 5 is an end view of the bottom ofthe projectile with respect to Fig. 4; Fig. 6 represents a further Inodication with respect to Figs. 1 and 4; Figs. -7 and 8 are longitudinal sections of the cartridgevand end view of the bottom of the projectile for another modification with respect tothe igniting or fusing arrangement in the bottom ofthe projectile Figs'. i) and 10 representsectional elevations of cartridges, where 'an annular ignition is' provided for on the periphery and the ordinary central .priming cap is provided on the bottom; Fig. 11` represents diagrammatically the horizontal section through the cartridge chamber together with percussion accessories of' a shot gun, as may be adapted -for firing cartridges in the constructional form 'according to Figs. 9 and 10.

In'Figs. 1'- 3, a is the cartridge case, which contains the main charge at p," this is ignited'by the annular .cap i on the bottom part-b ofthe case, channels j constituting the igniting paths'through the bottom part b. 'lhe projectile body 1n Fig. 1, so far as it serves the purpose of the invention for a `ballshot as well as for the small shot or the with'releasable end' cap u1, the front'part v of'which is filled'with shot s. `Behind the illing of 'shot sis a tam'pion c; the space between the latter and the projectile bottom nels o 0.o is filledA at g withan extra charge of powder. On this charge exploding after the project-ile has left. the barrel, the effect of the grapeshot will be produced in the known manner, as owing to the releasable end cap u', the capsule u does not burst and the'charge of shot is ejected. In the event of the charge at g being ignited at practically the same time as the main charge small shot,^the dispersion of small shot be- 'of a main conslructional form of the car.'

Aand the/striking parts in thecartridge case,y

at p, the effect will be that of an ordinary grapeshot', preferably .consists of a capsule u w traversedby three igniting or fusing cha-nv l'lO f ing at will either the ginning immediately in front of the muzzle. It is also obvious that if the main charge p alone is ignited, the projectile will be brought wholly (without an untimely Separation oi its parts) to the mark z'. c. it will actas a ball shot. All. three igniting or fusingchan nels 0 0 o are sealed at the side of the projectile bottom by diaphragmdike caps r 7" r preferably consisting otthin metal (copper). They may be pierced by means of the plungers c c c pointed at the front; these plunger-s are slidably mounted within the cartridge case a in a longitudinal direction and adapted to be advanced at the rearward end by pushers a; y e. lercussive means which must be provided on the gun for firing the cartridge in addition to the usual percussive or striking means (i'or igniting the annular cap or primer 2') serve for strikone or the other ot' the pushers ai y a; the percussive means are not shown in the drawing but. only represented by arrows. The pushers a' y .a are arranged concentrieally to one another, the rod-shaped pusher .e in the middle forming the shank otl the plunger c; the sleeve-shaped piece y is connected to the plunger cv and the sleeveshaped piece a' to the plunger c, as shown in Fig. 1. In order that the pieces w y e, notwithstanding their sliding` capacity, may have a tight fit at the bottom of the case, lip-shaped projections are formed by annular grooves y around the inner edges of the pieces a' g/ e, and the outer pusher :e is surrounded by a packing sleeve b which is either integral with the bottom of the case, or is provided with a packing flange b as shown in Figs. l and 7. When the main charge explodes at 7J, the lips become closely pressed against each other, b against .fr and b against b so that the whole is locked, like a block, and the rearward escape of the powder gases is prevented. The traverse t is adapted to guide the plnngcrs c c c. A tampion a is also fitted for guiding the forward ends of the plungers in the muzzle of the case '(1. The plungers c c c may be iiuted so as to i'orm ignitine paths from p to the pierceable caps r' r r' Of the three igniting channels o 0 o, one channel 0 communicates with the powder chamber q for a direct flashing ignition; the igniting channels 0 and o are however provided with retardation fuses f f of different burning lengths,

riod up to the moment when the ignition is transmitted to the ext ra charge g.

rlhe mode of employing a cartridge ot such construction is as follows: The shooting gun for discharging or tiring the cal'- tridge is provided with the previously inentioned percussive means in order to strike singly or in succession the pushers .'/J 1/ .e and the annular primer z' respectively. For

. previously Y so that f has a shorterI burmno Jerlod and a longer burning )ethe selective operation, it is assumed that the shooting gun is preferably provided with a plurality of triggers. One of these controis alone the annular percussion-Hange or a simple plunger fo striking against z'; when pulling this trigger, the main charge p alone will be ignited in the case a and the explosion ot' the main charge causes the projectile to iiy out in its compact state, whereupon the shot takes place as a ball shot because the extra charge g remainsr unintluenced. with the other (three) triggers is such that the single pusher a: y or is driven forward by a pereussive member, whereupon the primer striking action takes place at z'. The plunger c or c or c is thereby caused to pierce through the corresponding diaphragm cap 'l' r or r". Fig. l shows how the cap fr is pierced. The i ignition taking place from j) is transmitted in this case to the fuse f before the projectile leaves the barrel; as

the projectile has the trajectory of Hight of j a cylindrical projectile, the fuse f burns through to the extra charge Q after a certain period and the action or effect of the grapeshot takes place on the driving away of the detachable capsule u. If instead of the fuse f, the shorter fuse is also actuatedA at f in the same manner, a grapeshot takes place at a shorter distance in front'of the muzzle.

yIf however the cap 1 is pierced by the oper tion of the plunger e, the explosion takes place at p and Q almost simultaneously', because the channel 0 permits the flashing ignition to take place Without retardation. As explained, the ordinary smalil shot takes place in this case. The fourfold possibility is thus afforded z'. c. to lire the The mechamsm in combination' described cartridge either as a ball shot or the ordinary small shot or the grape shot at a short distance or the grape shot at a remote distance. It is obvious that the selection of the shot can be varied by providing auxiliary fuses; the one or other mode of operation, such as that for the single ball shot, may also be dispensed with. For shooting or sporting purposes, it is however advisable to employ at least two modes of small or grape shot.

In Figs. 4. and 5. the modification of the projectile according to the arrangement of Fig. l is shown. wherein primer caps /L /L 71" are provided instead of the diaphragm caps fr r r. It is obvious that the striking ot' the plungers c c e against such primer caps has practically the same eii'ect as is i'lcscribed with respect to the arrangement aceordil'ig to Fig. l, as a preliminary ignition of the respective different fuses takes place at and the ignition ol the main charge results therefrom. The correspond ing parts of the projectile are moreover provided with the same reference letters as in Figs. l-3.

A modified arrangement of the channels for transmitting'the ignition-is also shown nated 0.- The other emptyI channel o cornmun'icates with atransverse bore ox at an intermediate point of the fuse f* so that when'y igniting therefrom, lthe burning period is shorter than when ignting in the channel o2. The pieiceable capsr r2 and r usually1 cover all thesechannels.

If. one or the other capis opened by the medium' of the plunger,

Athe described .varying'effect--takes place, as

explainedivith reference to Fig. l; when piercing the cap r2, the fuse fx burns through its entire length and when piercing the cap- 'r, the-fuse only burns through a portion of its length.' Consequently, the `initial ignition at 1'?A applies to the grapeshot with effect at a remote distance andy that at r applies to the grapeshot with effect at a short distance.

Figs. ,7 and S'represent a simpler modiication of the cartridge, in which thel plungers C C arearranged as concentric parts. The tubular plunger C controls with. its

points or tips an annular diaphragm d on` the bottom of the projectile. Then the dia- )hra iis lei-ced a rearwardly situated annular-fusc f is exposed and the initial ignitiontakes place from the main charge p. The ignition is transmitted with retardation'tothe extra charge gv. If however the.

. diaphragm cap ris perforated vby the central plunger C the ignition of g' takes place `imy .mediately in consequence of the ignition at y) and air ordinary small shot results therefrom'. The rearward, parts of C and C lead directly to a cylindrical socket bof the case. bottom b. A traverse T serves for guiding and limiting the stroke. For the purpose of producing-a tight it,.lip-flanges are formed by .concentric annular grooil'es at c e, and Z/'is a packing flange which e ect a lijermetical locking of theparts C C Vonthe. explosion of the main charge p.

Fi of a cartridge, which is provided with annularpriming instead of with bottom igni.

tion. Fig.v 1l. shows diagranimatically,the corresponding construction of a fire arm, which is provided in the cartridge chamber with laterally striking percussive means.

The cartridge case c1. (according to Figs.

I '9 and 10) has only the ordinary central priming at i', whereby the main charge p may be ignited, for instance. by means of striking bolt K (Fig. 11). The projectile, part with shot s and extra charge q inelosed in -thecapsule A u bears externally the embedded primingzones m n, which serve for the preliminary ignition of the fuse f' and gs. 9- and 10 represent two modifications ackin sleeve and b a f respectively, accordingto Fig. 9. In Fig. l0, there is provided similarly as in Fig. 6, only one fuse fx centrally; the ignition is started from m at the rear end or from n.

more to the frontso-tliat the retardation of.

ignition results therefrom at a longer or shorter interval. l

Fig. 11 may be explained with respect to the employment of cartridges according to Figs. 9 and 10 as follows.

striking. hammers 7c -J as percussive means for striking the annular priming zones m. u that they act laterally through holes in thc barrel. Provided `that the. barrel is larranged as a recoil operated sliding barrel, an automat-ic cooking ofthe hammers 7c on. both sides can be effected'by means of the springs kf. The releasing members vor sto )s are designated g1 g2. If for example, tie releaseis effected at g2 by the corresponding trigger, the hammer c With percussive pin Q strikes' downward and ignites the annular primer n, whereupon the striking bolt K advances and ignites the main charge of the cartridge.y Consequently, the )rojectile is, discharged from the barrelv :titer the respective yfuse f or fx has assumed its initial ignition from After a certain interval and at a certain distance, the explosion of the charge of the project-ile takes place with the effect-.of the grapesliot.

For preventing the bursting of the capsule u of the projectile, it may be split at the point. or tipv (as shown in Fig. 7)"or perforated at-'the front part, ormade thinner. or providedwith a. releasable -end cap u (Fig. 1), or the capsule u may be crimped over the end-cap u (Fig. 4). Byv employing some tvvist,- the centrifugal effect upon the charge of shot will be checked in that the capsule u Whiohvcontains the shot, provided with rifiings made'ivith a i'everse twistl to the riflings of the gun barrel.

1. In a cartridge of the character described, vt-lie combination With a case containing a maincharge, of a projectile comprising 'a 'shot containing -capsule having an' extra charge therein, anda plurality of means independent ofeach other and operative selectively whereby the capsule maiv 'be discharged either as a ball shot or as Percussive pins 1, 2 are so arranged in combination u'ith ing a main charge adapted to be fired by suitable means, of a projectile comprising a shot containing capsule having an extra charge therein, ignition conducting means interposed between the main charge and the extra charge, and means operative to place the extra charge in communication with the main charge whereby the extra charge may be tired through said ignition conducting means from the main charge to discharge the capsule as a ball shot, or as small shot at a predetermined time.

Al. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with a case containing a main charge adapted to be fired, by suitable means, of a projectile comprising a shot containing capsule, an extra charge in the latter, there heilig a plurality of igniting pat-hs leading to said extra charge, and means for firing the extra charge from the main charge through a predetermined igniting path to drive off the capsule as a ball shot or small shot.

5. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with a case containing a main charge adapted to be fired by suitable means, of a projectile adapted to be driven oif either as a ball shot or as small shot by the main charge, and comprising a shot containing capsule, an extra charge therein and a direct igniting path leading to said extra charge, a plurality of time fuses of diiferent lengths leading to said extra charge, and selective percussive means adapted to ignite the cxtra charge directly through the direct igniting path or indirectly through one of the fuses.

`6. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with a case contain'- ing a main charge adapted to be tired by suitable' means, of a projectile adaptedv to be driven olf either as a ball shot or as small shot by the main charge, and comprising a shot containing capsule, an extra charge therein, there being a plurality of igniting paths leading to the extra charge, means for normally sealing communicatlon between the main charge and the extra charge, and means for opening communication between the main charge and the extra charge through a desired igniting path.

7. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with a case containing a main charge adapted to be fired by sultable means, of a projectile adapted to be driven olf either as a ball shot or as small shot by the main charfre and comprising a shot containing capsuIe, an extra charge therein and a direct igniting path leading to said extra charge, a plurality of time fuses leading to said extra charge, means for norma ly sealing communication between the main charge and the extra charge, and means for opening communication between the main charge and the extra charge throu h the direct igniting path or through one o? the time fuses.

8. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with a case containing a main charge adapted to be red by suitable means, ot a projectile adapted to be driven olf either as a ball shot or as small shot by the main charge, and comprising a shot containing capsule, an extra charge therein, there being a plurality of igniting paths leading from the main charge to the extra charge, means for normally scaling communication between the main charge and the extra charge, and a plurality of plungers adapted to be o erated selectively to open communication lbetween the main charge and the extra charge through a desired igniting path.

9. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with a case containing a main char e Aadapted to be fired by suitable means,o a projectile adapted to be driven off either as a ball shot or as small shot by the main charge and comprising a shot containing capsu e, an extra charge therein, there being a plurality of igniting paths leading from the main charge to the extra charge, a plurality of plungers designed to open communication between the main charge and the extra char e, and means for locking said plungers toget 1er to prevent escape of gas upon tiring the main charge.

10. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with a case containing a main charge adapted to be tired by suitable means, of a projectile comprising a shot containing capsule, and extra charge therein, there being a plurality of igniting paths leading from the main chargeto the extra charge, a cap in each igniting path to close communication between the charges,

and a plurality of pointed plungers de- I signed to be operated selectively to pierce the caps and open communication between the main charge and the extra charge through a predetermined igniting path.

ll. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with a case containing a main charge, of a projectile comprising a shot containingl capsule having an extra charge therein, a plurality of means independent of each other and operative selectively whereby the capsule may be discharged either' as a ball shot or as small shot, and means for preventing the escape of gas upon the firing of either charge.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HANS BORN.

iVitnesses HERMANN ITETTIG, KARL SCHEIDER.

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