US3359433A - Electronic telegraph relay - Google Patents

Electronic telegraph relay Download PDF

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Publication number
US3359433A
US3359433A US436537A US43653765A US3359433A US 3359433 A US3359433 A US 3359433A US 436537 A US436537 A US 436537A US 43653765 A US43653765 A US 43653765A US 3359433 A US3359433 A US 3359433A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
transistor
circuit
output
input
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US436537A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thauland Terje
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NO15226964A external-priority patent/NO117596B/no
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3359433A publication Critical patent/US3359433A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/601—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors using transformer coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/66—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will
    • H03K17/661—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to both load terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/66—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will
    • H03K17/665—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to one load terminal only
    • H03K17/666—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to one load terminal only the output circuit comprising more than one controlled bipolar transistor
    • H03K17/667—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to one load terminal only the output circuit comprising more than one controlled bipolar transistor using complementary bipolar transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
    • H03K17/73—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region for dc voltages or currents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/20—Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
    • H04L25/22—Repeaters for converting two wires to four wires; Repeaters for converting single current to double current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/20—Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
    • H04L25/24—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • An electronic telegraph relay is equipped with a constant current generator in its output circuit.
  • the output current provided by the relay is substantially independent of changes in working voltage and load.
  • Control of the relay is through a single transistor or through two transistors of opposite type which conduct alternately. Constant current output is assured by a constant voltage source including a zener diode placed in parallel with the base-emitter circuit of an output transistor causing the level of conduction of the output transistor to remain steady despite relatively wide variations in working voltage and load.
  • the present invention relates to electronic telegraph relays and in particular to output relays for telegraph circuits.
  • the line characteristics may be varied within wide limits without manual adjustments being necessary.
  • the working voltage source which is used need not be provided with special voltage stabilizing means.
  • the relay according to the present invention may be used for single current as well as for double current.
  • An advantage of the invention is that there is obtained a substantial reduction of the time constant L/R, where L is the circuit inductance as represented by the magnet coil of a teleprinter and where R represents the resistance of the circuit against current changes. This resistance R is very large in a constant current generator.
  • the constant current generator comprises a transistor which is controlled so that the current through the emitter-collector circuit of the transistor is substantially constant.
  • a reference voltage device is connected between the base electrode of the transistor and the emitter-resistor.
  • Electronic telegraph relays include control circuits which show dependence on incoming control signals which control the ON and OFF switching of one or more transistors, so that the output current at least passes the emitter-collector circuit in one of the transistors.
  • the main feature of the invention is that at least one constant current generator is used in the output circuit of the relay.
  • a constant current generator is used in the output circuit of a telegraph relay, the relay will be able to deliver a constant current to the load even if the working voltage for the relay varies and even if the load itself varies.
  • At least one reference voltage device is arranged in or connected to the telegraph relay, so that the potential across the emitter-collector circuit when a transistor is switched ON is compared with the reference potential. Signals resulting from the comparison control the said transistor so that the current through said transistor attains a predetermined substantially constant value which within wide limits is independent of the working voltage and the load.
  • a capacitor is, there fore, connected into the output circuit, e.g. from the base electrode to the collector electrode of the output transistor so that there are obtained sof but defined signal transitions.
  • a further feature of the present invention when using two constant current generators is that both current generators are arranged to generate constant and equal currents independent of incoming control signals, the two currents in dependence of the control signals, at double current, being alternately applied to the load in opposite directions and at single current, being alternately applied together to and away from the load.
  • FIG. 1 an incoming square wave signal is shown connected to -a control circuit SK in the telegraph relay.
  • This control circuit controls a constant current generator KS in such a manner that it, when double current is used, is
  • the constant current generator KS is, therefore, always connected into the circuit when current is applied to the load Z.
  • FIG. 2 is shown a principal diagram of another embodiment of the invention where two constant current generators KS1 and KS2 are used.
  • KS1 is in this case connected to plus, While KS2 is connected to minus.
  • the square wave signals applied to the control circuit SK provides switching of the constant current generators KS1 and KS2 so that only one of these at any time is connected into the output circuit of the relay.
  • This embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable for transmitting double current signals.
  • control signal i.e. the square wave signal is shown connected to the base electrodes of two transistors, TR1 and TR2, via a voltage divider, R1 and R2. These transistors are controlled OFF and ON so that only one is conducting at a time. When therefore, the transistor TR1 is switched ON, the transistor TR2 is automatically switched OFF. Furthermore the transistor TR3 will be switched OFF when the transistor TR1 is switched OFF and vice versa, as the emitter-collector-circuit for the transistor TR1 is connected in series with the resistors R3 and R4 between the battery terminals zero and minus for controlling the transistor TR3.
  • the transistor TR4 will be switched off when the transistor TR2 is switched off and vice versa, as the emitter-collector circuit for the transistor TR2 is connected in series with the resistors R5 and R6 between the battery terminals zero and plus, for controlling the transistor TR4.
  • the transistor TRS When the transistor TRS is switched OFF, the transistor TRS will be switched ON, but when the transistor TR3 is switched ON, the transistor TR5 will be switched OFF due to the negative potential which is applied to the base electrode of this transistor from minus via TR3 and the resistor R7.
  • the transistor TR6 will correspondingly be switched ON when the transistor TR4 is switched OFF, but the transistor TR6 will be switched OFF when the transistor TR4 is switched ON, due to the positive potential which is applied to the base electrode of the transistor TR6 from plus via R and transistor TR4. From plus to minus there is in series with a resistor R11 connected two zener diodes Z1 and Z2.
  • transistor TR3 is switched OFF, and the transistor TR4 is switched ON as mentioned above, a current flows from plus through the resistance RIO-the emitter-collector circuit for the transistor TR4-R11-Z1 to minus.
  • the transistor TRS is switched ON when the transistor TR3 is switched OFF, so that the potential across the resistors R7, R8 and the emitter-base-circuit for the transistor TRS is determined by the potential across the zenerdiode Z1.
  • the relation between the breakdown potential of the zener-diode and the resistors R7 and R8 is determined so that there will flow a predetermined substantially constant current in the emitter-collector'circuit of the transistor TRS and, therefore, also through the load Z.
  • resistors R10, R9, transistor TR6 and load Z there will flow a current from plus through resistors R10, R9, transistor TR6 and load Z to zero, when the transistors TR3 and TR4 respectively are controlled ON and OFF.
  • the circuits which respectively comprise resistors R7, R8 and transistor TR5, and resistors R10, R9 and transistor TR6, provide together with the zener-diodes Z1 and Z2 and the resistor R11 two constant current generators. If the working voltage source positively is very stable, the zener-diodes Z1 and Z2 may be exchanged with resistors.
  • a capacitor C1, C2 is connected across the base-collector circuit for each of the output transistors TRS and TR6, in order to obtain soft signal transitions.
  • the circuit which is shown in FIG. 3 may also be used for single current, by only using one half of the circuit.
  • resistor R11 One end of the resistor R11 must then, however, be connected to zero. If e.g. the upper half of the circuit is to be used, the lower end of resistor R11 must be connected to zero.
  • This circuit is within wide limits independent of variations in the working potential. If e.g. normal battery potentials are :35 v., the circuit will work satisfactorily even at battery potentials of :20 v. and :50 v.
  • the circuit is furthermore substantially independent of the load Z. If the load Z represents the magnet coil in a teleprinter, a plurality of such magnet coils, i.e. teleprinters, may be connected in series.
  • FIG. 4 a circuit which is particularly designed for transmission of single current signals.
  • this circuit is furthermore used two output transistors connected in series, TR10 and TR9, so that the circuit may be connected to a relatively large voltage source, without using special transistors.
  • the controlling square wave signals control the transistor TR7 via the voltage divider R12 and R13.
  • transistor TR8 When the transistor TR7 is switched OFF, transistor TR8 will also be switched OFF as the emittercollector circuit for TR7 is connected in series with the resistors R14 and R15 between the battery terminals zero and minus for controlling the transistor TR8.
  • the transistor TR8 When the transistor TR8 is switched OFF, the transistor TR9 will be switched ON due to the positive potential which is supplied to the base electrode of transistor TR9 from zero, via the resistors R16 and R17.
  • a diode D1 is arranged for providing the necessary bias for transistor TR9.
  • TR9 acts in this case as a switch for TRIO and also for the output current. When, therefore, TR9 is switched ON, a current fiows from zero through the load Z, further through the emitter-collector circuit for transistor TRIO-resistor R18collector-emitter circuit for transistor TR9 and diode D1 to minus. There will furthermore flow a current fro mzero through resistor R19 and zener-diode Z3, transistor TR9, diode D1 to minus, so that the potential across R18 in series with the emitterbase-circuit for transistor TRIO solely is controlled by the potential across the zener-diode Z3.
  • the current flowing through the transistor TR10 is, therefore, predetermined by the components R18 and Z3 so that there will flow a substantially constant current through this transistor and through the load Z.
  • the transtistor TR9 is switched OFF, there will not flow any current through either the load Z, transistor TR10' or through the zener-diode Z3.
  • a capacitor C3 is in this circuit connected from the base electrode of the first output transistor TR9 to the collector electrode for the other output transistor TRIO.
  • FIG. 5 is shown a circuit for an electronic telegraph relay according to the present invention which may be used for single current as well as for double current by setting a switch S2 to the one or the other of its two positions.
  • a switch S1 which connects a resistor R25 into the circuit or short circuits this resistor in a simple manner to enable the adjustment of a telegraph relay to one of two current levels. It may e.g. in some cases be desirable to use 40 ma.
  • the transistors TR14 and TR15 are controlled by selecting the values of the components Z4 and R2 3-R25, so that there always flows a current of equal magnitude through the respective emitter-collector circuits.
  • the resistor R20 is arranged to provide the necessary bias for transistor TR11 and resistor R21 is connected to the collector-electrode of the transistor in order to complete the circuit.
  • the switch S2 is switched to its other position, so that the current through the transistor TR14 and the transistor TRIS flows together, in one case right through the transistor TR14 to minus, and inthe other case through the load Z and through transistor TR12 and the diode D2 to minus.
  • capacitors C4 and C5 across the base-collector circuit for transistors TR12 and TR13 respectively.
  • An electronic telegraph relay including control circuits and a pair of constant current generators responsive to input pulses of positive and negative polarity for providing distinct output currents of positive and negative polarities at amplitudes which are substantially independent of changes in working voltage and independent of changes in load, comprising:
  • a first control circuit including a first PNP transistor coupled to a first NPN transistor, each having a base, an emitter, and a collector,
  • an input terminal connected to the base of the first PNP transistor means biasing the first PNP transistor to a state of conduction in response to negative input pulses on the input terminal, means biasing the first NPN transistor to a state of conduction in response to conduction in the collector of the first PNP transistor,
  • a second control circuit including a second NPN transistor coupled to a second PNP transistor, each having a base, an emitter and a collector,
  • a first constant current generator including a third NPN transistor having a base serving as the generator input terminal, an emitter, and a collector,
  • a zener diode connected between the emitter and the base of the third NPN transistor to assure constant current output
  • (4) -a second constant current generator including a third PNP transistor having a base serving as the generator input terminal, an emitter and a collector,
  • a zener diode connected between the emitter and the base of the third NPN transistor to assure constant current output

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
US436537A 1964-03-04 1965-03-02 Electronic telegraph relay Expired - Lifetime US3359433A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO15226964A NO117596B (e) 1964-03-04 1964-03-04
DEST22574A DE1219070B (de) 1964-03-04 1964-08-22 Schaltungsanordnung zur elektronischen Nachbildung eines Telegrafenrelais
DE1965ST024200 DE1233006C2 (de) 1964-03-04 1965-07-30 Elektronisches Telegrafenrelais fuer wahlweise Einfach- oder Doppelstrombetrieb

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3359433A true US3359433A (en) 1967-12-19

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US436537A Expired - Lifetime US3359433A (en) 1964-03-04 1965-03-02 Electronic telegraph relay
US480314A Expired - Lifetime US3445783A (en) 1964-03-04 1965-08-17 Circuit arrangement for the electronic simulation of a telegraph relay

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US480314A Expired - Lifetime US3445783A (en) 1964-03-04 1965-08-17 Circuit arrangement for the electronic simulation of a telegraph relay

Country Status (7)

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US (2) US3359433A (e)
BE (3) BE668542A (e)
DE (4) DE1200356B (e)
FR (2) FR90507E (e)
GB (1) GB1100620A (e)
NL (3) NL6502782A (e)
SE (3) SE301177B (e)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3458723A (en) * 1966-09-09 1969-07-29 Hewlett Packard Co Square wave generator
US3492496A (en) * 1966-12-12 1970-01-27 Hughes Aircraft Co Tristable multivibrator
US3548217A (en) * 1967-09-19 1970-12-15 Stromberg Datagraphix Inc Transistor switch
US3639785A (en) * 1969-01-21 1972-02-01 Tektronix Inc Pulse generator
US3649851A (en) * 1970-02-25 1972-03-14 Gen Instrument Corp High capacitance driving circuit
US3655997A (en) * 1970-10-23 1972-04-11 Us Navy Complementary driver circuit for diode digital phase shifters
US3702946A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-11-14 Siemens Ag Circuits for regulating a current
US3718762A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-02-27 Yokogawa Electric Works Ltd Pulse transmitting apparatus
US3747082A (en) * 1971-08-23 1973-07-17 M & J Valve Co Systems with constant current generators for transmitting flow rate data
US3781689A (en) * 1963-02-25 1973-12-25 Hewlett Packard Co Tristate pulse generator for producing consecutive pair of pulses
US3784844A (en) * 1972-12-27 1974-01-08 Rca Corp Constant current circuit
US3828203A (en) * 1970-03-24 1974-08-06 Honeywell Inc Ramped-step signal generating circuit
US3848092A (en) * 1973-07-02 1974-11-12 R Shamma System for electronic modification of sound
US3867649A (en) * 1973-09-26 1975-02-18 Hewlett Packard Co Driver
US4047055A (en) * 1974-12-24 1977-09-06 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Line control unit for teleprinters
FR2376575A1 (fr) * 1976-12-29 1978-07-28 Philips Nv Procede pouvant etre utilise dans un equipement de teleimpression, et dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US4419593A (en) * 1981-06-29 1983-12-06 Honeywell Inc. Ultra fast driver circuit
US20060055437A1 (en) * 2004-09-16 2006-03-16 Deere & Company, A Delaware Corporation Driver circuit
US20120319768A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-12-20 Diodes Zetex Semiconductors Limited Complementary Darlington Emitter Follower with Improved Switching Speed and Improved Cross-over Control and Increased Output Voltage

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3671777A (en) * 1968-03-22 1972-06-20 Mesur Matic Electronics Corp Fast rise time pulse generator
CH508311A (de) * 1969-06-28 1971-05-31 Licentia Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zur Realisierung von logischen Funktionen
DE2122803A1 (de) * 1970-08-10 1972-02-17 Post Inst Fuer St U Fernmeldew Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Entzerrung von Einschwingverzerrun gen bei der Übertragung von Gleichstrom schritten über Fernmeleleitungen
FR2146091B1 (e) * 1971-07-16 1976-05-28 Constr Telephoniques
GB1392483A (en) * 1972-06-08 1975-04-30 Creed Co Ltd Printing telegraph apparatus
US4055793A (en) * 1976-07-08 1977-10-25 Automation Systems, Inc. Electrical load controller

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602151A (en) * 1951-01-20 1952-07-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Triangular wave generator
US3114872A (en) * 1961-12-29 1963-12-17 Gen Electric Constant current source
US3125694A (en) * 1964-03-17 Nput s
US3150272A (en) * 1961-04-25 1964-09-22 Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Triangular waveform generator with means for selectively allowing wideangle swing of waveform slopes
US3189758A (en) * 1962-07-23 1965-06-15 Nat Semiconductor Corp Isolating and pulse-producing circuit
US3191121A (en) * 1960-10-17 1965-06-22 North American Aviation Inc Bistable current reversing switch for frequency determination
US3247494A (en) * 1960-10-14 1966-04-19 Sylvania Electric Prod Memory control systems

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE24379E (en) * 1957-10-22 bissonette
DE1117168B (de) * 1957-01-17 1961-11-16 Telefunken Patent Transistorrelaisschaltung
US2983877A (en) * 1957-07-18 1961-05-09 Baldwin Piano Co Transistor oscillators

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125694A (en) * 1964-03-17 Nput s
US2602151A (en) * 1951-01-20 1952-07-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Triangular wave generator
US3247494A (en) * 1960-10-14 1966-04-19 Sylvania Electric Prod Memory control systems
US3191121A (en) * 1960-10-17 1965-06-22 North American Aviation Inc Bistable current reversing switch for frequency determination
US3150272A (en) * 1961-04-25 1964-09-22 Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Triangular waveform generator with means for selectively allowing wideangle swing of waveform slopes
US3114872A (en) * 1961-12-29 1963-12-17 Gen Electric Constant current source
US3189758A (en) * 1962-07-23 1965-06-15 Nat Semiconductor Corp Isolating and pulse-producing circuit

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3781689A (en) * 1963-02-25 1973-12-25 Hewlett Packard Co Tristate pulse generator for producing consecutive pair of pulses
US3458723A (en) * 1966-09-09 1969-07-29 Hewlett Packard Co Square wave generator
US3492496A (en) * 1966-12-12 1970-01-27 Hughes Aircraft Co Tristable multivibrator
US3548217A (en) * 1967-09-19 1970-12-15 Stromberg Datagraphix Inc Transistor switch
US3639785A (en) * 1969-01-21 1972-02-01 Tektronix Inc Pulse generator
US3649851A (en) * 1970-02-25 1972-03-14 Gen Instrument Corp High capacitance driving circuit
US3828203A (en) * 1970-03-24 1974-08-06 Honeywell Inc Ramped-step signal generating circuit
US3702946A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-11-14 Siemens Ag Circuits for regulating a current
US3718762A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-02-27 Yokogawa Electric Works Ltd Pulse transmitting apparatus
US3655997A (en) * 1970-10-23 1972-04-11 Us Navy Complementary driver circuit for diode digital phase shifters
US3747082A (en) * 1971-08-23 1973-07-17 M & J Valve Co Systems with constant current generators for transmitting flow rate data
US3784844A (en) * 1972-12-27 1974-01-08 Rca Corp Constant current circuit
US3848092A (en) * 1973-07-02 1974-11-12 R Shamma System for electronic modification of sound
US3867649A (en) * 1973-09-26 1975-02-18 Hewlett Packard Co Driver
US4047055A (en) * 1974-12-24 1977-09-06 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Line control unit for teleprinters
FR2376575A1 (fr) * 1976-12-29 1978-07-28 Philips Nv Procede pouvant etre utilise dans un equipement de teleimpression, et dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US4143239A (en) * 1976-12-29 1979-03-06 U.S. Philips Corporation Signal distortion correction circuit in teleprinter equipment
US4419593A (en) * 1981-06-29 1983-12-06 Honeywell Inc. Ultra fast driver circuit
US20060055437A1 (en) * 2004-09-16 2006-03-16 Deere & Company, A Delaware Corporation Driver circuit
US20120319768A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-12-20 Diodes Zetex Semiconductors Limited Complementary Darlington Emitter Follower with Improved Switching Speed and Improved Cross-over Control and Increased Output Voltage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6502782A (e) 1965-09-06
DE1233006C2 (de) 1967-08-10
BE684765A (e) 1967-01-30
DE1233006B (de) 1967-01-26
NL6510854A (e) 1966-02-23
GB1100620A (en) 1968-01-24
FR91357E (e) 1968-10-23
DE1219070B (de) 1966-06-16
SE301177B (e) 1968-05-27
DE1200356B (de) 1965-09-09
BE668542A (e) 1966-02-21
SE333750B (e) 1971-03-29
DE1562286B1 (de) 1969-09-18
FR90507E (fr) 1967-12-29
US3445783A (en) 1969-05-20
NL6610539A (e) 1967-01-31
BE626083A (e)
SE341758B (e) 1972-01-10

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