US3331905A - Method of treating particulate material - Google Patents

Method of treating particulate material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3331905A
US3331905A US339912A US33991264A US3331905A US 3331905 A US3331905 A US 3331905A US 339912 A US339912 A US 339912A US 33991264 A US33991264 A US 33991264A US 3331905 A US3331905 A US 3331905A
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sand
disintegrator
particles
mix
impacts
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Hint Iohannes Alexandrovich
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Priority to US339912A priority Critical patent/US3331905A/en
Priority to NL6412880A priority patent/NL6412880A/xx
Priority to DK5531AA priority patent/DK124314B/da
Priority to BE655525D priority patent/BE655525A/fr
Priority to ES0306073A priority patent/ES306073A1/es
Priority to NO155495A priority patent/NO118360B/no
Priority to IL22425A priority patent/IL22425A/xx
Priority to AT46765A priority patent/AT295381B/de
Priority to US434733A priority patent/US3497144A/en
Priority to ES0309737A priority patent/ES309737A1/es
Priority to US642452A priority patent/US3576655A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/22—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with intermeshing pins ; Pin Disk Mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/20—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors
    • B02C13/205—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors arranged concentrically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/02—Dressing by centrifuging essentially or additionally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
    • B28C5/0881—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing having a stator-rotor system with intermeshing teeth or cages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type

Definitions

  • This invention thus relates to the treatment of particulate materials.
  • the invention further relates to the art of comminution and to certain improvements in connection with the processing or treatment of particulate materials by reducing particle size so as to improve certain properties thereof per se or when simultaneously processed and mixed, blended or combined with other materials to improve the resultant mixes, blend or combination.
  • the invention relates to comminution of materials that are non-homogeneous, that is, have crystalline parts and amorphous parts in a single particle such as sand grains and certain ores such as taconite, i.e., low grade iron ores. In this regard such particles are split along a line of weakness.
  • the invention relates to improvements in a process that will result in more effective mixing or blending of different materials in the dry state, each having a particle size less than two inches in a major dimension.
  • the invention relates to improvements in a process that will result in more effective processing and mixing or blending of different materials in the wet state (water added), provided the grains of the solid materials do not exceed two inches in a major dimension.
  • the invention relates to a-process for treating particulate materials of the character mentioned above with reference to the particle size aspects set forth above in which the comminution is by impact in an impact zone with particular reference to an arrangement in which the time interval between two successive impacts on any one particle is not longer than 0.05 second accompanied by an impact velocity of at least 15 meters per second.
  • this invention relates to a method for preparing fine grain materials for use in casting, building or making of structural or modular elements, such as blocks, bricks, panels, highway paving slabs, building components for hydrotechnical structures. columns and beams for use in industrial buildings and so forth.
  • it makes possible production of small-size building elements such as tiles, pipes, bricks, fioor and roof slabs, etc., furthermore, the manufacture, by granulation of iron ores, of mixes for briquetting.
  • said method aims at improving the various properties of mixes as used in the manufacture of different kinds of glass; and, by comminution, of cement and clinker, to obtain cements of improved quality; the comminution of different pulverous materials e.g. stabilizers for paints, varnishes and glues. It embraces even the comminution of corn with a view to enhance the quality of flour.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of a method of preparing fine grain materials for use in casting building of structural elements which may be conveniently and economically carried out and which is conducive to a high production rate.
  • a still further object of the invention is the provision of a method of preparing fine grain materials for use in casting building or structural elements with resulting element having substantially greater compressive strength than was possible so far and in which the quantity of binding agent, such as lime, may be substantially reduced com: pared to conventional amounts.
  • a still different object of the invention is the provision of a method of preparing fine grain materials for use in the preparation of briquettes, in the production of glass and cement and in the production of additives for paint varnishes and glues, all the products being of better properties than heretofore possible for the same materials.
  • FIG. 1 Disintegrator. Front elevation partially cut away.
  • FIG. 2. Disintegrator: Cross-sectional view along line AA as shown on FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 Disintegrator and rotor assembly enlarged sectional view.
  • FIG. 3a is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view illustrating a portion of the structure shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 Cross-sectional view along line F-F shown on FIG. 3. Rotor bars of cylindrical and triangular crosssection.
  • FIG. 5 Cross-sectional view along line F--F shown on FIG. 3. Rotor bars of rectangular and plate-shape cross-section.
  • FIGS. 6 and 6a Disintegrator rotors having bars of cylindrical cross-section.
  • FIG. 6 being a vertical crosssectional view
  • FiG. 6a on the left-hand side being a crosssectional view taken along line GG of FIG. 6
  • the right-hand side of FIG. 6a being an end elevation of the structure of FIG. 6 as viewed from the left.
  • FIG. 7. Disintegrator. Diagrammatical plan view.
  • FIG. 8 Partially-cut-away view along line BB shown on FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 8a is a sectional view taken along line L-L of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 9 Partially-cut-away view along line C-C shown on FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 9a is a sectional view taken along line E--E of FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 10 Diagram of continuous process.
  • FIG. 11. Diagram. Continuous manufacture of mix.
  • FIG. 12 Diagram displaying motion of grains between two adjacent rows of bars.
  • FIG. 13 Layout of disintegrator rotor bars of joint bar circle.
  • One aspect of the method of this invention involves thepreparation of fine grain materials which. may be utilized for casting building or structural elements, such as blocks, bricks, wall and floor sections and other mod-ular construction units and in which such elements will have a density of 1.8 kg./dm. and a compressive strength exceeding by for 2000 kg. per sq. cm., which corresponds to 28451.61 pounds-per sq. inch which is materially greater than the compressive strength heretofore provided in building elements of this nature. It has been found that such improved results'may be obtained by subjecting the particles, of the fine grain materials utilized in the building elementsto an activationby a succession of impacts of a certain velocity and within a certain time interval and as a result of such treatment, the material acquires new and previously unknown vastly improved properties.
  • the materials utilized are supplied in the desired proportion, in particle size not exceeding two inches in the major dimension and are subjected to successive impacts in the impact zone of the present in'ventionand the process is 1 controlled so that the time interval between two impacts on any one particle is not longer than 0.05 sec. and the impact velocity on each particle is at least fifteen meters per second. Furthermore, it has been found that the number of such impacts .on each particle should not be less than three. It is pointed out that'the method of this invention may be carried out as a continuous process or may be utilized in connection with a batch process, but for economyof operation and where relatively large scale production is required, the continuous process is, of course preferred.
  • the method of this invention may be carried out in a moist atmosphere or with a water addition which will result in providing a material which may be charged directlyinto a mold, thereby eliminating the necessity for an intermediate mixing step or operation.
  • the method of this invention may be utilized in connection with a mixture of sand and lime to provide a material for forming high quality silica block articles which possess improved qualities and provide a compressive strengthof substantially more than'ZOOO kg. per sq. cm.
  • the improved results obtained by the method of this invention flow directly from the provision of rapid impact at an impact velocity of not less than fifteen meters per second on each particle of the material and with the time interval between impacts limited to not longer than 0.05 second and for best results, there should be at least three such impacts.
  • Suchprocessing of materials embraces grains of any size, the finest included, ie of the order 1.1 microns radius. Owing to this,,loess, pozzolan and various kinds of ash are rendered more active, resultingin raw materials of adequate quality for use in building structures.
  • the distintegrator or comminutor includes rotors as impacting means which are enclosed in a casing, having rotating means with perpendicularly positioned bars arranged along intermeshed concentric circles to defineor' constitute an impact zone.
  • the bars of the rotary means are spaced so as not to permit the travel of material grains across the trajectory of each other row without impacting or colliding with the bars thereof (see FIG. 12 and FIG. 13).
  • R radius of bar circle, .mi in cm.
  • R radius of bar circle m-l, in cm.
  • n number of rotations of bar circle -1, in r.p.m.
  • This formula is applicable for those types of disintegrators as specified here in this inventionrlnpractice, this formula has been used for disintegrators with the radius R of the outermost bar circle varying within the limits l10*90O mm, the radius r of the bars varying in the range 340 mm, and the distance a-l-d between centers of two adjacent bars on a bar circle varying within the limits 17-250 mm.
  • the rpm. varied in the range.400'4500 and the radius of the grains of the material to be processed varied within the limits 01-25000 i.e. having a diameter or major dimension of from .2 microns to, two inches.
  • the concentric circles of bars are radially spaced each other preferably at a distance comprised in the range 10-250 mm.
  • the number of said circles is preferably comprised in the range 3-8 and the number of bars on each circle is preferably comprised in the range 850.
  • the diameters, r.p.m., and number of bar circles, of both the external and internal rotors must be chosen so as to ensure at least three successive impacts on any one particle, with a maximum interval between two successive impacts not exceeding 0.05 see.
  • the peripheral velocity of the innermost bar circles (of boththe external and the internal rotor) must be above m./sec. Ergo, the rotations per second of the smallest bar circle of radius R must be above ii 21rR
  • FIG. 1 shows the disintegrator to have two rotors.
  • the inner rotor 1 is located on a stationary frame 2, While the travelling frame 4 holds the outer rotor 3.
  • Rotor bars 6 are positioned concentrically on disk 5 of inner rotor 1.
  • Disk 7 of outer rotor 3 is also equipped with concentrically positioned bars.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 show rotor bars of round cross-section, but bars may differ in cross-section, e.g. being rectangular or of other shape as shown on FIGS. 4 and 5, in which event the radius of each bar is that of a circle which circumsoribes the particular shaped bar.
  • the disintegrator rotors 1 and 3 mounted on their respective shafts 8 and 9 have opposite rotation, to attain higher relative peripheral velocities and to prevent the rotors being destructed by the material processed, as may occur in commin-utors having one rotating and one stationary rotor.
  • disintegrator either with multispeed A.C. motors, or DC. motors having adjustable speed ranges, which permit the changing of disintegrator rotor speeds according to the required degree of activation.
  • the desired degree of activa- D dia. of bar circle, last but one.
  • N r.p.m. of bar circle, last but one.
  • N r.p.m. of last bar circle.
  • D diameter of last bar.
  • This sand has a SiO content of 95%
  • a and B empirical coefficients, depending on the autoclaving procedure. A and B are obtained in the table below.
  • Brakes 12 and 13 are provided on the shafts 8 and 0 of the disintegrator.
  • the inner rotor shaft 8 passes through bearing housing 14.
  • the drive motor 10 and brake 12 are mounted on the main frame 2.
  • the 'outer rotor shaft 9, bearing housing 15, drive motor 11 with brake'13 are mounted on the travelling frame 4. Bi-directional travel of the latter is effected by spindle, air cylinder or other means 16.
  • the fixing device 17 provided on the travelling frame allows it to be locked in either of its extreme positions, i.e. with the rotors close, or with the rotors completely apart.
  • the disintegrat-or rotors are incorporated in a jointhousing comprising body 18 and top cover 19, as shown in drawing 2.
  • the end cover 20 of the housing located at the right-hand of the disintegrator is mounted on travelling frame 4.
  • the housing body 18 is secured to the main frame.
  • the top cover 19 being opened or closed either 7 v by means of pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 21, turns about its articulated joint 22.
  • essary for moulding may be fed into the disintegrator along piping 26 (see FIG. 7).
  • silicalcite products according to the present invention could be done as shown in FIG. 10.-
  • Raw materials supplied at the plant (lime or ashes, etc., sand or pozzolan or loess or ashes etc.) are delivered into the hoppers 31-32.
  • Other components (aluminium-v powder, pigments etc.) are conveyed into hoppers 33.
  • the disintegrator 40 issupplied with raw materials from hopper 31-32, water. being fed in one with lime slaking retarders coming from tank 34, along corresponding wa-. ter piping.
  • aluminium powder, pigments and other materials arebeing dosed from hoppers 33 in quantities and ratios required, into the disintegrator 40. This is effected by the automatic controlled continuous dosers 35; 36; 37; 38 and 39.
  • the degree of activation of the various components is controlled by varying the rotative speed of the disintegrator rotors from-the central control panel.
  • the latter located in close vicinity of the moulding site accommodates all accessories and devices required .in controlling the supplying of raw materials, conveying operations, proper dosing of ingredients, the equipment used in pouring or placing mixes, shifting moulds etc.
  • all signalling devices and checking instruments are conveniently grouped on this control panel.
  • the various operations are controlled either automatically or by the operator.
  • Trolleys together with moulds which have been refitted and prepared and have reinforcement positioned as per design, are carried by crane 43 from the mould stripping shop either to conveyer 41 for solid products, or to conveyer 42 for foamed products.
  • the activated and homogenized mix passes out of the disintegrator onto.
  • a reversible conveyer 44 for distribution as follows:
  • Trolleys with moulds are passed on by conveyer 42 and reversibleintermediate conveyer. 47 and positioned under the mix discharge chute 45.
  • the intermediate conveyer 47 is equipped with a mechanism for compacting the mix by vibration. If making mixes for cellular products, conveyer 44 operates in direction A and the: mix ispoured through chute into the mould 46.
  • the trolley is transferred to conveyer 42 and passed, along to the track where solidification occurs.
  • movable mixture placer 48 for conveying to the vibroplatform 49, or by other means of conveyance to the corresponding units for making sewage pipes, roof tiles etc.
  • the moulds containing cellular mixes are subjected by a special unit 50.
  • device 51 is employed in cutting the solidified green prod-. not into components differing in size. Waste material due to screening is transferred into the sand'hopper and together with sand they are fed againinto the disintegrator.
  • Crane 52 transfers the moulds containing green products to autoclave trolleys which are then collected into trains 53. Emptied trolleys are shifted to conveyor 55 and passed along to crane 43.
  • Such a continuous technological procedure vis not limited to only the production of silicalcite, but is also applicable in the manufacture of products other than silicalcite.
  • Another variant based on the same principle is that of subjecting one ingredient of the mix, say sand, to disintegrator processing, and using another disintegrator to make the mix;,to make the mix in the same disintegrator subsequent to sand processing.
  • Green products were autoclave-cured 8 hrs. at 12 atg.
  • Example 2 Raw materials used: same as in Example 1. The constituents were dosed into the disintegrator, the percentage content of active CaO in the mix being 12% with the moisture 13%.'Degree of activation in processing (see Formula 2).
  • Example 3 Raw materials: same as in Example 1.
  • Green products were autoclave-cured 10 hrs. at a pressure 12 atg.
  • Example 5 Raw materials: same as in Example 1.
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator, the percentage content of active CaO in the mix 22.0%, with moisture. Degree of activation in processing (see Formula 2).
  • Green products were autoclave-cured 16 hrs. at a pressure 12 atg.
  • the processed mix was moulded by pouring into metal moulds. After solidification the green products were autoclave-cured 11 hrs. at a pressure 12 atg. Density of resultant products 0.41 t./m. compressive strength 45 kg./cm.
  • Example 8 Raw materials used: same as in Example 7.
  • the processed mix was moulded by pouring into metal moulds. After solidification the green products were auto clave-cured 12 hrs., at a pressure 12 atg.
  • Density of resultant products 0.62 t./m. compressive strength 125 kg./cm.
  • Example 9 Raw materials used: same as in Example 7.
  • the processed mix was moulded by pouring into metal moulds. After solidification the green products were autoclave-cured 12 hrs., at a pressure 12 atg. Density of resultant products 0.95 t./m. compressive strength 325 kg./cm.
  • Example 10 Raw materials used: same as in Example 7.
  • the processed mix was moulded by pouring into metal moulds. After solidification the green products were autoclave-cured 12 hrs., at a pressure 12 atg. Density of resultant products 1.20 t./m. compressive strength 510 kg./cm. 1
  • Foam-builder composed of about 60% carpenters glue, and about 40% colophony soap.
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator, the percentage content of active CaO in the mix 18%, of which 3/10 was due to slaked, and 7/ 10 due to quick lime; moisture 30%, the foam-builder was 0.015%.
  • the foam-builder was introduced into the mix g. per 1 m5 dry ingredients, and thoroughly blended in a special continuous mixer.
  • the green products were autoclaved-cured 9 hrs., at a pressure 12 atg. Density of resultant products 1.12 t./m. compressive strength 310 kg./cm.
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator, the active CaO content in the mix was 12% with 13% moisture.
  • the mix was molded by vibro-pressing; vibration frequency 3000 c./min., amplitude 0.45 mm., moulding pressure 6.5 kg./cm.
  • the green products were autoclave-cured 9 hrs., at 12 atg. pressure. Density of finished products 1.92 t./m. compressive strength 1080 kg./cm.
  • the mix obtained an active CaO con-tent of 75%, where 3/ 10 was due to slaked, and 7/ 10 due to quick lime. Moisture of mix 31%; aluminium powder 0.20%.
  • Green-products were autoclavecured 10 hrs. at a pressure 10 :atg. Density of finished product 1.12 t./m.' compressive strength 210 kg./cm.
  • Example 14 The mix was poured.
  • the green products were autoclave-cured 12 hrs, at'10 atg. pressure.
  • Density of resultant products 0.97 t./m. compressive strength 205 kg./cm.
  • the mix was moulded by vibration at a frequency 3000 c./min., amplitude 0.6 mm., duration 2 min.
  • the green products were autoclave-cured 8 hrs, at atg. pressure.
  • Density of resultant products strength 370 kg./cm.
  • the constituents were dosed into the distintegrator in proportions yielding a mix of 16% active CaO content, moisture 10%.
  • the products were moulded by pressure to a density 1.8 t./rn. and were autoclave-cured 10 hrs, at 10 atg. pressure. Compressive strength of resultant products740 kg./cm.
  • the constituents were dosed into were due to slaked, and-,7/ 10 to quick lime.
  • the products were moulded by pouring into metal moulds and were autoclave-cured 10 hrs., at 8 atg. pressure.
  • Density of resultant products 0.59 t./m. compressive strength 45 kg./cm.
  • Example 20 Raw materialsused: same as in Example 19.
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator in proportions yielding a mix of 17.5% active CaO content, of which 3/ 10 were due to slaked, and 7/ 10 due to quick lime. Moisture 43% and aluminium powder 0.035%.
  • the products were moulded by pouring into 'metal moulds and autoclave-cured 8 hrs. at 10 atg. pressure.
  • Density of resultant products 0.93 t./m. Compressive strength 120 kg./cm.
  • the constituents were closed into the disintegrator in proportions yielding a mix of 17.5% active CaO content, of which 3/10 were due to slaked, and 7/10 due to quick lime. Moisture 43%, aluminium powder 0.020%.
  • the products were moulded by pouring into metal moulds and autoclave-cured 8 hrs. at 10 atg. pressure.
  • Density of resultant products 1.08 t./m. compressive strength 205 kg./cm.
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator in proportions yielding a mix of 14% active CaO content; moisture 9%.
  • the products were moulded by pressing to a density 1.8 t./m. and autoclave-cured 8 hrs. at 8 atg. pressure. Compressive strength of resultant products 590 kg./cm.
  • Example 23 Raw materials used: (a) Iron ore powder of a composition as follows:
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator in proportions yielding a mix of 4.4% active CaO, moisture 7%.
  • the products were moulded by applying 200 kg./cm. pressure and autoclave-cured 4 hrs. at 10 atg. pressure. Density of resultant products 2.54 t./m. compressive strength 245 kg./cm.
  • Example 24 Raw materials used: same as in Example 23.
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator in proportions yielding a mix of 4.4% active CaO content, moisture 7%.
  • the products were moulded by applying 800 kg./cm. and autoclave-cured 4 hrs. at 10 atg. pressure. Density of resultant products 2.70 t./rn. compressive strength 415 kg./cm.
  • Example 25 Raw materials used: same as in Example 23.
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator in proportions yielding a mix of 5.6% active CaO content, moisture 7.5%.
  • Degree of activation of the mix in processing e 450 cm. g.; 5 impacts at a velocity of 120 m./sec.
  • the products are moulded by applying 200 l g./cm. pressure, and autoclave-cured 4 hrs. at 10 atg. pressure.
  • Density of resultant products 2.67 t./m. compressive strength 350 kg./cm.
  • Example 26 Raw materials used: same as in Example 23.
  • the constituents were dosed into the disintegrator in proportions yielding, a mix of 5.6% active CaO content; moisture 7.5%.
  • the products were moulded by applying 800 kg./cm. pressure and autoclave-cured 4 'hrs. at 10 atg. pressure.
  • Example 27 Raw materials used: same as in Example 23, but without using lime.
  • the products were moulded by applying 200 kg./cm. pressure and autoclave-cured 4 hrs. at 10 atg. pressure. Density of resultant products 2.64 t./m. compressive strength 287 kg./cm.
  • Example 28 Raw materials used: same as in Example 23, but without using lime.
  • the products were moulded by applying 800 kg./cin. pressure and autoclave-cured 4 hrs. at 10 atg. pressure.
  • Density of resultant products 2.84 t./m. Compressive strength 503 kg./cm.
  • Example 29 Natural said containing SiO 90%; CaO, 3%; MgO, 2%; A1 0 2%; Fe O 3% and Portland cement, grade 400 according to GOST-31060 (U.S.S.R. Government Standards).
  • the impact velocity of particles was 40 m./sec. with every particle subjected to 3 impacts.
  • the weight ratio of sandcement was 1:3. Both constituents treated were in dry condition.
  • test specimens were subjected to different conditions of hardening:
  • Test specimens were also made using the same natural sand and the same grade of Portland cement in proportions as above, and by the method prescribed by the Standard Specifications for Determination of Cement Grade. (GOST 310-60.)
  • the test specimens were subjected to similar conditions of hardening.
  • Test specimens made from nondisintegrated mixes and having hardened in the steam chamber attained a compressive strength 219 kg./cm.
  • specimens made of disintegrated mixes, and having hardened in like conditions displayed a compressive strength 333 kg./cm.
  • the compressive strength of water cured specimens, made from conventional mixes, was kg./cm. against the compressive strength 282 kg./cm. of water cured specimens made from disintegrated mixes.
  • Natural sand having a granulometric composition as follows:
  • the cubes made from disintegrated mixes attained a compressive strength 555 kg./om. against the compressive strength 265 kg/crn. of the cubes made from non disintegrated mixes.
  • Example 31 (GOST-310-60).
  • the raw-materials used i.e. sand andv cement where the same, and corresponding in all properties to those mentioned above. Hardening conditions were alike for both'kinds of specimens.
  • the specimens made from disintegrated mixes displayed a compressive strength 282 kg./-cm. whereas those made from conventional mixes, attained a compressive strength of only 198 kg./cm.
  • Example 32 A sample of wheat, 772 g./e., containing: moisture 14.2%, ashes 1.76%, mineral admixtures 0.1%, organic admixtures 2.7%, gluten 24.3%, glassiness 37%.
  • oil paints (some containing natural boiled linseed oil) others--synthetic drying oil, e.g. obtained from shale oil called oxol, varnishes epoxide-resin, glues, glue DFK and so forth.
  • Test data thus far obtained show that owing to the addition in 20% amounts of silicalcite powder, activated in the disintegrator, the said paints, varnishes and glue show improved polymerization and dry twice as rapidly as compared with such not c-ontainingsilicalcite powder.
  • the paints and varnishes displayed an-increase, by 2 to 3 times, in weather resistance.
  • the bonding strength of epoxide-resin glues and that of DFK type glue was increased by 2-3 times with a 60% decrease in expenditure.
  • each grain of sand is made smaller independently of the other grains by impacts against the disintegrator members.
  • the sand is ground in this way the particles obtained are of an identical shape for any fineness of grinding.
  • the large grains are the first to be ground.
  • the large grains are abraded'due tothe small force of the impacts.
  • disintegrator cannot be evaluated by its duration. Taking this into consideration we having compiled the functions of grinding depending on the value of the specific surface of the sand for all the three machines, namely disintegrator, ball mill and vibration mill. In this way, information has been obtained with easily comparable results. As can be seen from Table 2, there exists alinear relationship between the specific surface of the ground material and the duration of grinding when the latter is done in a ball or a vibration mill. The law of linear relationship between the specific surface of the ground material and the amount of electric power consumed per unit of weight of the ground material also holds for comminnting in a disintegrator.
  • the part of the specific surface related to the fine fractions is smaller than for sand ground in a ball mill or in a vibration mill.
  • a study of the various functions of sand grinding has shown that in a ball mill the large grains are primarily ground and therefore the contents of the large fractions in the ground sand are considerably lower than when grinding sand to an equal specific surface in other installations.
  • a ball mill yields a great number of fine fractions.
  • a vibration mill primarily grinds small size sand grains. The large grains remain intact even when grinding to a high specific surface.
  • Sand grains of an identical chemical and mineralogical composition may have a different structure and con- 28 the sand in a disintegrator raises its structural strength to 84%, while grinding in a ball mill orv in a vibration mill reduces it to 63% and 54% respectively.
  • the pressing of sand in a mold raises the structural strength of rain cracks, depending on the conditions of their forma- 5 all the sands.
  • the structural strength of sand can be determined by the following method:
  • the grain composition of the same and its specific surface are determined by sieve analysis of a sand sample, and on the basis of data on specific surface of the separate fractions. Then a part of the sand sample is poured into a metal cylindrical mould and the sand is compressed withthe aid of a cylinder piston under the pressure of a hydraulic press. The pressed sand is then extracted from the mould and its grain composition and specific surface are determined.
  • Structural strength The experiments for determining the structural strength. of the sand were performed in cylindrical moulds 4.25 cm. in diameter. One hundred grams of sand were poured into the mould. Pressing was carried out twiceat a pressure of 625 kg. sq./cm. After the first compression the sand was poured out of the mold, 'its specific surface was determined once more. The results of the experiments are given in Table 3.
  • the granulometric composition was determined by means of sedimentation analysis directly after grinding and after keeping the sand in water for seven days. While the sand was in the water, the fineness of all the sands increased, the growth in the specific surface of disintegrated sand proving to be smaller as compared with sands ground in a ball mill or a vibration mill. It may be assumed that the decomposition of the sand particles took place under the action of water through the surface faults of the grains. The results of the test are given in Table 5.
  • the frost resistance of sand from the sand-pit of Quartz was determined, the sand being placed in tin receptacles in a natural state and ground in a ball mill, a vibration mill and a disintegrator.
  • the sand in the receptacles was saturated with water and subjected to freezing in a refrigerator. After every freezing the samples were thawed out in water at a temperature of 15 C.
  • the changes in the specific surface of the sand were determined after 10, 15 and 20 freezing-thawing cycles.
  • Sands of various genesis have a bond spectrum of varying kinds. It is clear that the structure of the sand has a noticeable influence on its grindability. But with a reduction in the size of the particles of the material the number of defective areas gradually drops. This leads to strengthening of the small particles of the material. Strengthening of the material begins after the particles reach a size of 1 to 2 mm. Consequently, this size is the natural boundary between crushing and grinding. Sufliciently small particles attain the maximum strength upon which there are already no faults. It has been established by investigations that this boundary sets in when the size of the particles is about 0. 1 micron.
  • the highest efiiciency of crushing and grinding is attaned in high-frequency mechanical action, i.e. periodically arising stressed conditions.
  • the weak spots in the structure of material being deformed possess a capacity for selfrestoration and for joining together under the action of the molecular forces of adhesion. This joining can be avoided by using high-frequency act-ion.
  • the fissures of the real structure of the crystal become deeper.
  • the internal faults may develop until the grain splits along the weakest plane, depending on the magnitude of the force and the number of times it is applied. If the intensity of the forces proved to be insufiicient to crush the grains, the structure of the grains may even become worse during grinding and the structural strength of the sand may decrease. Since sand is ground in a vibration mill by means of weak impacts and by abrasion, its structural strength becomes worse.
  • the material receives a small number of each other, and their size may reach a micron.
  • the space impacts of a medium force.
  • abrasion of the 23 material between the balls is of great importance, which also leads to an increase in the surface faults.
  • the grain of sand strikes the hard surface of a steel member at a velocity of at least m./sec. and prefer-ably 50 to 200 m./sec.
  • volumetric weight of dry substance g./eu. cm 1. 8 1.8 1.8 Compressive strength, kg./sq. cm. 259 226 192 Relative compressive strength,
  • the compressive strength of the frozen and steamed samples is considerably greater for samples made of sand ground in a disintegrator.
  • Sand is the basic material in the manufacture of limesand products.
  • the contents of sand in these products exceed those of lime by from 8 to 10 times. Therefore improvements in the technology of lime-sand products should be aimed, above all at improving the properties of the sand.
  • the amount of energy accumulated grows in proportion
  • the sand grain is simultaneously a filler and a component of the binder, which combines during steaming with the lime and the other sand grains into a strong monolith.
  • the sand grain should possess the most active surface layer, and the greatest strength as a filler.
  • a machine for preparing lime-sand mixtures should reduce the number of faults in the sand grain structure and increase the strength. of the grains by crushing-them along the weakest mosiac surfaces. This can be achieved by subjecting the grains of said to separate strong and frequent impacts. Sand grains in a disintegrator, striking the bars members with a great velocity receive powerful impacts. As a result they are crushed along the weak planes of the structure. Considerable local stresses appear at the points of contact, Whichactivate the sand grains in the surface layer. Deformations of the sand grains at velocities of m./sec. may spread to a depth of over 10 micron or to 5% of the grain diameter.
  • the size of the area of the deformed surface caused by one impact amounts to about 5-10% of the initial surface.
  • the surfaces of even strong and faultless sand grains, not crushed by the impact are ac- .tivated.
  • the sand during grinding occupies mainly the space between the balls.
  • the larger grains are subjected to intensive impacts, and during prolonged grinding the granulometric composition becomes uniform.
  • the force of the impacts is likewise small and for this reason there is an increase in the faults in the sand grains and a reduction in their structural strength.
  • a method for treating particulate material each particle having a size of from .2 microns to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said material into the center of an impact zone, hurling said particles at a velocity of at least meters per second, successively impacting said hurling particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out within 0.05 second of each other and thereafter removing said particulate ma.- terial from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating a particulate material selected from the group consisting of sand, ores, cinders, ashes, loess, pozzolan silicalcite chips, cement clinker, lime and corn, each particle having a size of from .2 microns to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said material into the center of an impact zone, hurling said particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out Within 0.05 second of each other and thereafter removing said particulate material from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating sand particles each particle having a size of from .2 microns to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said sand particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said sand particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling sand particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out within 0.05 second of each other and thereafter removing said sand particulate material from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating ores particles each particle having a size of from .2 microns to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said ores particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said ores particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling ores particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out within 0.05
  • a method for treating cinders particles each particle having a size of from .2 microns to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said cinders particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said cinders particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters persecond, successively impacting said hurling cinders particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out within 0.05 second of each other and thereafter removing said cinders particulate material from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating ashes particles each particle having a size of from .2 microns to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said ashes particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said ashes particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling ashes particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out within 0.05 seconds of each other and thereafter removing said ashes particulate material from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating loess particles each particle having a size of from .2 microns to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said loess particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said loess particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling loess particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out withing 0.05 second of each other and thereafter removing said loess particulate material from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating pozzolan particles each particle having a size of from .2 microns to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said pozzolan particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said pozzolan particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling pozzolan particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out within 0.05 second of each other and thereafter removing said pozzolan particulate material from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating silicalcite chips particles each particle having a size of from .2 micron to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said silicalcite chips particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said silicalcite chips particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling silicalcite chips particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out within 0.05 second of each other and thereafter removing said silicalcite chips particulate material from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating cement clinker particles each particle having a size of from .2 micron to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said cement clinker particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said cement clinker particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling cement clinker particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out Within 0.05 second of each other and thereafter removing said cement clinker particulate material from said impact zone.
  • a method for treating lime particles each particle having a size of from .2 micron to less than 2 inches in a major dimension comprising introducing said lime particles into the center of an impact zone, hurling said lime particles at a velocity of at least 15 meters per second, successively impacting said hurling lime particles at least three times whereby their course of travel is changed and said successive impacts are carried out within 0.05 sec 0nd of each other and thereafter removing said lime particulate material from said impact zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
US339912A 1964-01-24 1964-01-24 Method of treating particulate material Expired - Lifetime US3331905A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US339912A US3331905A (en) 1964-01-24 1964-01-24 Method of treating particulate material
NL6412880A NL6412880A (US20020051482A1-20020502-M00012.png) 1964-01-24 1964-11-05
BE655525D BE655525A (US20020051482A1-20020502-M00012.png) 1964-01-24 1964-11-10
ES0306073A ES306073A1 (es) 1964-01-24 1964-11-10 Metodo para tratar materiales, bloque resultante de la aplicaciën de este e instalaciën para la realizaciën del mismo
NO155495A NO118360B (US20020051482A1-20020502-M00012.png) 1964-01-24 1964-11-10
IL22425A IL22425A (en) 1964-01-24 1964-11-10 Method and apparatus for the treatment of particulate material and products prepared by this method
DK5531AA DK124314B (da) 1964-01-24 1964-11-10 Fremgangsmåde til tilberedning af kornformede materialer til fremstilling af støbte elementer af høj styrke.
AT46765A AT295381B (de) 1964-01-24 1965-01-20 Verfahren zum Bereiten von Baugemischen zur Herstellung kompakter oder porenhältiger, unbewehrter oder bewehrter Bauteile
US434733A US3497144A (en) 1964-01-24 1965-02-03 Apparatus for treating particulate material
ES0309737A ES309737A1 (es) 1964-01-24 1965-02-16 Aparato activador-desintegrador para materiales solidos en forma de particulas.
US642452A US3576655A (en) 1964-01-24 1967-05-31 Particulate material and shaped article made therefrom

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US339912A US3331905A (en) 1964-01-24 1964-01-24 Method of treating particulate material
AT46765A AT295381B (de) 1964-01-24 1965-01-20 Verfahren zum Bereiten von Baugemischen zur Herstellung kompakter oder porenhältiger, unbewehrter oder bewehrter Bauteile
US434733A US3497144A (en) 1964-01-24 1965-02-03 Apparatus for treating particulate material
US642452A US3576655A (en) 1964-01-24 1967-05-31 Particulate material and shaped article made therefrom

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DK (1) DK124314B (US20020051482A1-20020502-M00012.png)
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Cited By (9)

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US3685747A (en) * 1970-10-05 1972-08-22 Bauer Bros Co Double revolving disc refiners and methods of their use
FR2405796A1 (fr) * 1977-10-13 1979-05-11 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication de melanges de matieres minerales
FR2405795A1 (fr) * 1977-10-13 1979-05-11 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Procede et dispositif pour soumettre des matieres premieres ceramiques, notamment des matieres ceramiques communes, a un traitement d'activation
EP0291108A1 (en) * 1987-05-15 1988-11-17 SNAMPROGETTI S.p.A. Process for producing high-strength mortar
US4859482A (en) * 1984-05-22 1989-08-22 Gebruder Buhler Ag Method for producing a product from oil seed
US5460444A (en) * 1993-04-28 1995-10-24 Howorka; Franz Apparatus for the treatment of solid, liquid and/or gaseous materials
US5716751A (en) * 1996-04-01 1998-02-10 Xerox Corporation Toner particle comminution and surface treatment processes
US20150209794A1 (en) * 2014-01-28 2015-07-30 Oekomineral Ag Modified micronization device and method thereof
US10406491B2 (en) * 2015-05-06 2019-09-10 K&S Company Inc. Impeller-structured system for rotor-rotor-type dispersion and emulsification apparatus

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AT325396B (de) * 1973-07-05 1975-10-27 Patent Anst Baustoffe Desintegrator
US4203555B1 (en) * 1978-05-15 1999-11-23 Thomas D Dickson Jr Rotary foodstuff mill and milling process
US4422578A (en) * 1981-09-04 1983-12-27 Stratford Squire International Rotary grain mill having means for controlling air and grain flow therethrough, and method
EP0444392B1 (de) * 1990-01-24 1993-02-24 LOIDELSBACHER & PARTNER GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Düngemitteln oder Bodenhilfsstoffen aus mineralischen oder organischen Komponenten
FI20050538A0 (fi) * 2005-05-20 2005-05-20 Fractivator Oy Voimansiirtolaitteisto
USD736030S1 (en) 2014-03-13 2015-08-11 L'Chef Rotary grinder mill
US20150258551A1 (en) 2014-03-13 2015-09-17 Steven Cottam Grinder Mill
RU2630936C1 (ru) * 2016-05-31 2017-09-14 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова" Дезинтегратор
WO2021179059A1 (en) * 2020-03-12 2021-09-16 Mayerle, Dean Weed seed destruction

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US2362035A (en) * 1942-09-08 1944-11-07 Trihomo Corp Dispersion mill
US2606722A (en) * 1947-12-05 1952-08-12 Gronberg Anton Bertil Grain grinding mill with adjustable nonrotary member
US2754547A (en) * 1951-11-17 1956-07-17 Columbia Southern Chem Corp Heat insulation composition and preparation thereof
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US2091772A (en) * 1933-08-23 1937-08-31 Edwin G Steele Gravity reducing apparatus and method
US2326516A (en) * 1940-01-19 1943-08-10 Johns Manville Compressed and densified product and the method of making the same
US2362035A (en) * 1942-09-08 1944-11-07 Trihomo Corp Dispersion mill
US2606722A (en) * 1947-12-05 1952-08-12 Gronberg Anton Bertil Grain grinding mill with adjustable nonrotary member
US2754547A (en) * 1951-11-17 1956-07-17 Columbia Southern Chem Corp Heat insulation composition and preparation thereof
US2947056A (en) * 1957-10-08 1960-08-02 Kabel Es Muanyaggyar Sintered alumina articles and a process for the production thereof
US3129271A (en) * 1960-10-18 1964-04-14 Ethylene Corp Processing techniques for fine powders

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3685747A (en) * 1970-10-05 1972-08-22 Bauer Bros Co Double revolving disc refiners and methods of their use
FR2405796A1 (fr) * 1977-10-13 1979-05-11 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication de melanges de matieres minerales
FR2405795A1 (fr) * 1977-10-13 1979-05-11 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Procede et dispositif pour soumettre des matieres premieres ceramiques, notamment des matieres ceramiques communes, a un traitement d'activation
US4859482A (en) * 1984-05-22 1989-08-22 Gebruder Buhler Ag Method for producing a product from oil seed
EP0291108A1 (en) * 1987-05-15 1988-11-17 SNAMPROGETTI S.p.A. Process for producing high-strength mortar
US5460444A (en) * 1993-04-28 1995-10-24 Howorka; Franz Apparatus for the treatment of solid, liquid and/or gaseous materials
US5716751A (en) * 1996-04-01 1998-02-10 Xerox Corporation Toner particle comminution and surface treatment processes
US20150209794A1 (en) * 2014-01-28 2015-07-30 Oekomineral Ag Modified micronization device and method thereof
US10406491B2 (en) * 2015-05-06 2019-09-10 K&S Company Inc. Impeller-structured system for rotor-rotor-type dispersion and emulsification apparatus

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NO118360B (US20020051482A1-20020502-M00012.png) 1969-12-15
ES306073A1 (es) 1965-05-01
DK124314B (da) 1972-10-09
IL22425A (en) 1968-10-24
NL6412880A (US20020051482A1-20020502-M00012.png) 1965-07-26
BE655525A (US20020051482A1-20020502-M00012.png) 1965-05-10
US3576655A (en) 1971-04-27
AT295381B (de) 1971-12-27
US3497144A (en) 1970-02-24

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