Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D499/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring

Definitions

• Preferred compounds of the present invention are those of the formulae PENICILLlN ALDEHYDES William J. Gottstein and Lee c. Cheney, Fayetteville,
• This invention relates to novel antibacterial agents and f chemical reagents and, more particularly, to 6-substituted ArXC-C-NHOHOH C CH3 H penicillanyl aldehydes and especially to penicillin alde- LW L Q hydes.
• the aldehydes of the present invention are effective antibacterial agents in vivo against Gram-positive bacteria 3 and are also effective agents for use in a search for oXida- 15 Z H tive enzymes.
• penicillins include those disclosed in US. Patents 2,941,995, 2,951,839, 2,985,648, 2,996,601, 3,007,- 920, 3,025,290, 3,028,379, 3,035,047, 3,040,032, 3,040,033, 3,041,332, 3,041,333, 3,043,831, 3,053,831, 3,071,575, (C H CNHOH-CH 0-011 H 3,071,576, 3,079,305, 3,079,306, 3,080,356, 3,082,204, I, 3,093,547, 3,093,633, 3,117,119, 3,118,877, 3,120,512, 3,120,513, 3,120,514; in British patent specifications 6 874,414, 874,416, 876,516, 876,662, 877,120, 877,323, C 877,531, 878,233, 880
• R represents hydrogen, amino, carbobenzoxymino, phenyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxy, or lower)alkanoyloxy including especially acetoxy or (lowr)alkoxy;
• X represents oxygen or sulfur;
• R and R each epresent hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, phenet-hyl or (lowr)alkyl;
• R represents (lower)alkyl;
• R and R each repesent (lower)alkyl, (lower)alkylthio, benzylthio, cyclo- 1 II Ar-C- and Ar represents the monovalent radical of the formula wherein R R and R are each a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chloro, bromo
• (lower)alkyl as used herein means both straight and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from one to ten carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, amyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, decyl, etc.
• (l0wer) alkoxy it refers to the alkyl portion of such group which is therefore as described above in connection with (lower)alkyl.
• Preferred embodiments of the present invention are the restricted series of compounds of the following formulae wherein R represents (lower) alkyl
• R represents (lower)alkyl and R and R each represent a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and chloro;
• R is (lower)alkyl and R is a member selected I, from the group consisting of hydrogen and chloro; 0
• the compounds of the present invention are prepared,- according to the present invention, by either of two methods, as follows:
• the present penicillin aldehydes are prepared by oxidation of the corresponding penicillin alcohols by the addition of about 2-5 moles of a carbodiimide (e.g. dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide) to a solution of about one mole of the alcohol and 0.1-2.0 mole anhydrous phosphoric acid in dry dimethyl sulfoxide.
• a carbodiimide e.g. dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide
• Tetramethylene sulfoxide may also be used and the sulfoxide may be diluted with up to nine volumes of an inert solvent.
• the reaction proceeds readily at room temperature.
• the phosphoric acid functions as a catalyst and may be replaced with phosphorous acid, cyanoacetic acid or pyridinium phosphate, trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride or sulfate. Further details are given in the
• the penicillin aldehydes of the present invention are preferably prepared by hydrogenolysis by Raney nickel of a thiopenicillin (also called a penicillin thioacid; e.g. see US. Patent 2,751,378) which is preferably in the form of the free acid or of a salt such as an alkali metal salt or an amine salt.
• the reaction is carried out at 50 C. and preferably at close to 0 C.
• anhydrous or nearly anhydrous solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or acetone and to use catalytic amounts of a weak anhydrous acid such as glacial acetic acid as the penicillin aldehydes are very sensitive to bases.
• a weak anhydrous acid such as glacial acetic acid
• the proportions are not critical but it is of course desirable to use enough Raney nickel to assure a high yield in the reaction; it is thus preferred to use a weight of Raney nickel (on a Wet basis) equal to at least three times the weight of the thiopenicillin.
• the activated Raney nickel available commercially is quite suitable for use as is that prepared according to Mozingo et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 65, 1013 (1943).
• the thiopenicillins can be replaced, if desired, with their esters, e.g. with alkylthio or aralkylthio esters; see J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 75, 3636-3637 (1953), J. Chem. Soc. (London), 3733-3739 (1953) and Chem. Ber., 92, 530-534 (1959).
• the penicillin aldehyde can be readily regenerated by treatment of these heterocyclic derivatives with an acid, e.g., with p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in a suitable solvent such as acetone-ether.
• Examples of preferred diamines for use as the aldehyde trapping agents are those of US. Patent 2,739,981 and especially N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine [W. F. Minor, D. A. Johnson and L. C. Cheney, J. Org. Chem., 21, 528 (1956)], N,N-diphenylethylenediamine [W. Wanzlick and W. Lochel, Chem. Ber., 86, 1463 (1953)].
• Other suitable diamines include N,N'-dimethy1ethylenediamine [A. J. Birch, J. Cymerman Craig and M. Slaytor, Australian J.
• the product is easily separated from the Raney nickel by filtration and from unreacted starting thiopenicillin by virtue of the fact that only the latter contains an acidic group and can thus be extracted from an organic solvent, such as ether, into aqueous alkali, e.g. 5% NaI-ICO
• the penicillin aldehydes may be purified by reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine or N,N-di'benzylethylenediarnine [of J. Org. Chem, 21, 528-529 (1956) and US.
• the compounds of the present invention exhibit in vitro antibacterial activity.
• MIC Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
• heart infusion broth to which 5% pooled human serum had been added
• t was surprisingly discovered that these compounds are :ffective antibacterial agents in vivo, that is, exhibited a ninirnum curative dose in 50% of the mice tested (CD against an overwhelmingly lethal dose of S. aureus Smith is follows:
• EXAMPLE 1 O C H3 6-phenoxyacetamidopenicillanal.
• Commercial, pyrophoric Raney active nickel catalyst 125 g. wet weight, was washed three times with 275 ml. portions of absolute ethanol and then with four 275 ml. portions of tetrahydrofuran (Tl-IF).
• the nickel was then suspended in 500 ml. of THF, 10.5 ml. (0.175 mole) of glacial acetic acid was added and the mixture was stirred and cooled to 4.
• a solution of 20.22 g. (0.0500 mole) of the potassium salt of penicillin V thiol acid was prepared by suspending the solid in 200 ml. THF and adding 15 ml. Water.
• the compounds of the present invention are useful agents for the detection of microorganisms containing oxidative enzymes, e.g. of the type used to oxidize steroids.
• oxidative enzymes e.g. of the type used to oxidize steroids.
• cells of the microorganisms being investigated are grown for about 24 hours in a suitable medium (e.g. heart infusion broth with glucose, yeast-malt medium) on a shaker (e.g. at 28 or 37 C.).
• the cells from 10 ml. are obtained by centrifugation and added to 2 ml. of substrate solution at each of various pHs such as 5 and 7, e.g. to a solution of 500 mcg./ ml.
• phenoxymethylpenicillin aldehyde (IV) in 20% acetone-80% 0.2 molar pH 5 citrate bufier That mixture of cells and substrate is then returned to the shaker for a short period of time (e.g. four hours). Aliquots are taken, diluted (e.g. ten-, fiftyand one hundred-fold) and assayed by a typical penicillin assay, e.g.
• DMF Dimethylformamide
• Ethyl chloroformate 9.38 ml. (0.0985 mole)
• the mixture was stirred and cooled down to 5 during the next ten minutes forming the mixed anhydride.
• a solution of 2 2 g. (0.2 mole) of sodium hydrosulfide (hydrated) in 350 ml. of DMF was prepared by stirring for ten minutes at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was a turbid yellow, but all chunks of the salt had B. subtilis; activity in this assay indicates the presence of disappeared at this time.
• the solution of sodium hydro- .9 sulfide was poured into the mixed anhydride solution, and the resulting dark mixture was stirred at +l to 0 for ten minutes forming the thio acid.
• the reaction mixture was immediately poured into 3700 ml. of ice water, acidified to pH 2 with ca. 50 ml. of 6 N H 80 and extracted with two 1500 ml. portions of ice-cold ether.
• the combined yellow ether extracts were washed twice with 75 ml. portions of ice water, and then extracted with two 200 ml. portions of 4.25% NaHCO solution which carried the yellow color into the aqueous layer.
• the combined basic extracts were added to a solution of 36 g.
• the nickel was then suspended in 100 ml. of THF and 2.1 ml. (0.035 mole) of glacial acetic acid and 12 g. (0.0050 mole) of N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBED) was added and the suspension was stirred and cooled to A cooled (5) solution of 4.86 g. (0.0100 mole) of pen V thiol DBED salt in 40 ml. of THF was added and the mixture was stirred at 2' for hour. The yield and quality of product may possibly be substantially improved by reducing this reaction time to about 15 minutes. The mixture was filtered over diatomaceous earth (Supercel) and the catalyst was washed with four 30 ml. portions of THF.
• Supercel diatomaceous earth
• the THF was removed under vacuum at 33 and the dark residue was dissolved in 300 ml. of ether. A considerable amount of gum failed to dissolve. On addition of 50 ml. of water, part of the gum dissolved. In some runs a pink solid separated at this point and was filtered off. The water layer was separated and the ether solution was extracted successively with two 30 ml. portions of 5% acetic acid, 50 ml. of water, three 30 ml. portions of 5% sodium bicarbonate and three 30 ml. portions of Water. The ether solution was dried briefly over sodium sulfate, treated with decolorizing carbon and filtered over Supercel which gave a nearly colorless filtrate.
• the solvent was flashed ofl at 33, the residue was flashed with two 100 ml. portions of chloroform to remove moisture and then thoroughly dried over phosphorus pentoxide at 0.5 mm.
• the yield of the titled compound was 2.23 g. of a hard gum.
• EXAMPLE 3 s CH3 6-(3-phenyl-5-meflzylfsoxazole 4 carboxamido)penicillamal.-One hundred grams of wet No. 28 commercial Raney Ni (Raney Co.) was washed three times with ml. portions of absolute ethanol, three times with 100 ml. portions of acetone and finally a fourth portion of 100 ml. of acetone was added and the slurry cooled and stirred at 0 to 5 C. while 7 g. of N,N-diphenylethylenediamine, 2.4 ml. of glacial acetic acid and a solution of 10 g.
• Raney Ni Raney Co.
• Penicillin G aldehyde (6 phenylacetamidopeniciL lanal).-To a precooled, stirred suspension of 13.08 g. (0.03 mole) of penicillin G-triethylammonium salt in 200 ml. of dimethylformamide (DMF) was added 3.24 g. (0.03 mole) of ethyl chloroformate dropwise over a ZOminute period. The resulting nearly clear solution was then treated all at once with 3 g. of NaSH in 50 ml. of DMF which had been previously dissolved by pulverizing in a mortar and stirred and cooled in an ice bath until a cloudy solution had been obtained.
• DMF dimethylformamide
• the resulting dark green reaction mixture was stirred one-half hour with the ice bath removed and poured into a mixture of 500 ml. benzene, one liter of crushed ice in water and 30 ml. of 40% H PO
• the benzene extract was washed three times with cold water and partially dried by filtering through sodium sulfate. The benzene was then removed under reduced pressure on the flash evaporator and when the benzene was nearly all removed (avoiding heating) the resulting oil was dissolved in 50 ml. of dry acetone and added immediately, dropwise, to a previously prepared stirred suspension of 100 g. of No.
• the ethereal filtrate was washed three times with ml. portions of water, three times with 100 ml. portions of 2% NaHCO solution and three times with water and dried over Na SO
• a solution of p-toluene sulfonic acid (5 g. in 50 ml. acetone) until the solution was acidic to wet pH paper.
• the solid p-toluenesulfonic acid salt of N,N-diphenylethylenediamine which precipitated was removed by filtration and the filtrate was treated as before with the acid repeatedly until no more solid formed upon addition of acid and the ethereal solution was still acidic to wet filter paper after standing ten minutes.
• Benzyloxypenicillin aldehyde (6 N carbobenzyloxyaminopenicillanaL-To 45 g. of previously acetonewashed Raney nickel suspended in 100 ml. of acetone with 3.7 g. (0.0174 mole) N,N'-diphenylethylenediamine and 2.1 m1. of glacial acetic acid, was added 7 g. (0.0174 mole) of benzyloxypenicillin thiol (potassium salt) dissolved in 25 ml. of acetone and 3 ml. of glacial acetic acid. The mixture was stirred for one hour in an icebath and the mixture was filtered.
• the filtrate was evaporated to an oil under reduced pressure at 30 and residue was sl-urried with 100 ml. of ether.
• the ether was washed twice with dilute sodium bicarbonate and several times with water.
• the ether was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
• the drying agent was separated and the ether solution treated with a solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid in acetone until there was no more turbidity.
• the N,N'-diphenylethylenediamine toluenesulfonate was collected and the filtrate was washed with water and dried over anhydrous MgSO
• the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 1.5 g. of neutral benzyloxypenicillin aldehyde.
• EXAMPLE 7 6 phthalimidopenicfllin aldehyde (6 phthalimidopenicillanal).T0 a solution of 5.0 g. (0.015 mole) of 6-phthalimidopenicillanyl alcohol in 50 ml. of anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide was added 10.0 g. (0.049 mole) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 1.5 g. (0.0075 mole) of pyridinium trifiuoracetate. The mixture was swirled in an Erlenmeyer flask for a few seconds, placed in a desiccator under a nitrogen atmosphere, allowed to stand at 25 C. for 17 hours and then filtered and the filtrate thrown into 500 ml.
• the nickel was then suspended in 100 ml. THF and cooled to 4 and to this there was added 2.1 ml. glacial acetic acid. Potassium 6-(5-methyl-3-o-chlorophenylisoxazole-4-carboxamido)thiolpenicillanate (4.5 g.) was dissolved completely in 40 m1. THF and added to the Raney nickel. The reaction mixture was stirred below 0 for 15 minutes. The Raney nickel was then filtered through diatomaceous earth and washed five times with 60 ml.
• the resulting oil was partially dissolved in 350 ml. ether. A pink gum appeared which was carried along with the ether. The ether was then extracted three times with 60 m1. portions of 5% NaHCO and three times with 40 ml. portions of water. The ether layer was then separated from the gum and dried over magnesium sulfate and charcoal. After filtration the ether was evaporated to dryness. The resulting oil could be solidified by dissolving it in methylene chloride or ether and precipitating with n-pentane.
• EXAMPLE 9 In the procedure of Example 5 the potassium thiophenethicillin is replaced by an equimolar amount of the potassium salt of the acids 6-[a-(2-ch1orophenoxy)propionamido] thiopenicillanic acid, 6-[a-(4sultamylphenoxy)-n-butyramido] thiopenicillanic acid,
• each of which is is isolated as a solid which is converted to an active antibacterial agent upon exposure to an oxidative enzyme system.
• EXAMPLE 1 1 In the procedure of Example 5 the potassium thiophenethicillin is replaced by an equimolar amount of the potassium salt of the acids,
• each of which is isolated as a solid which s converted to an active antibacterial agent upon exposure an oxidative enzyme system.
• EXAMPLE 16 In the procedure of Example 5, the potassium thioahenethicillin is replaced by an equimolar amount of the potassium salt of the acids,
• EXAMPLE 18 6-[a-(4-nitrophenyl) acetamido]thiopenicillanic acid, 6- cc- (4-bromopheny1 acetamido] thiopenicillanic acid, 6- [u-(4-t-butylphenyl) acetamido1thiopenicillanic acid,
• 6- [o.-(3-diethylaminopheny1) acetamido1penicillanal, and 6- [oc- (2,4-diisoamylphenyl acetamido1pencillanal,
• EXAMPLE 22 (1) 6-phenoxyacelamidopenicillanic thiol acid potassium salts.-A solution containing 35.04 g. (0.100 mole) of penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) 14.02 ml. (0.10 mole) of dry triethylamine, and 508 ml. of pure, dry DMF (dimethylformamide) was stirred and cooled to -3 C. Ethyl chloroforrnate (9.51 ml.; 0.10 mole) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at 0 for 10 minutes. A solution of 22.0 g. (0.2 mole) of sodium hydrosulfide (hydrated) in 358 ml. of pure, dry DMF was prepared by stirring at 25 C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 10 minutes. This turbid yellow solution was added to the mixed anhydride solution all at once and the cooling bath was removed. After stirring for 10 minutes,
• reaction mixture was poured into 3.0 liters of ice water.
• the solution was acidified to pH 2.0 with 6 N sulfuric acid and extracted with three one-liter portions of cold ether.
• the combined ether solutions were washed twice with 500 ml. portions of ice water, dried very briefly over sodium sulfate and filtered.
• Addition of 20.5 ml. of an by weight solution of potassium-Z-ethylhexanoate (KEH) in dry n-butanol (diluted to 40 ml. with dry ether) precipitated the product, which was collected by filtration, Washed with dry ether and dried, yield 32.7 g. (81%).
• the product was recrystallized by dissolving in a minimum of cold water (ca.
• the filtrate was extracted with 20 ml. of 10% phosphoric acid, which caused N,'Ndiphenylethylenediarnine phosphate to crystallize. It was filtered off, the aqueous phase was separated, and the other solution was again extracted with 20 ml. of 10 phosphoric acid and washed with three 100 ml. portions of water. It was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, flashed dry and flashed with ethyl acetate. The addition of 10 ml. of dry ether to the small residue caused 0.25 g. of product to crystallize, M.P. 164168 C.
• the infrared absorption spectrum was quite sharp, howing NH 3380 c-m.- fl-lactam 1780, aldehyde 1740, mide 1670 and 1525 cmf All of the bands noted were -f equal intensity.
• the aldehyde may be recrystallized cut at 33 C. Water (a few ml.) and ordinary ether cetate (three parts per 100 ml.) and flashing off the solent at 33 C. Water (a few ml.) and ordinary ether one part per 100 ml.) are added and the resulting soluion is allowed to stand at 20 C. for 24 hours. The prodict will slowly crystallize.
• the infra-red spectrum (5% in CCl shows NH at 3400 cmr ,8- lactam 1800, enol acetate carbonyl 176 2, amide 1700 and 1510 and COC bands at 1230, 1190, and 1090 crnf A weak band at 1640 cm.- is ascribed to
• the NMR spectrum is in full agreement with the enol acetate structure and shows further that the product is a mixture of approximately equal amounts of cis and trans isomers.
• Another series of starting materials used to prepare the compounds of the present invention comprises the series of compounds of the formula wherein R is amino, acylarnino, ibenzyloxycarbonylamino, phthalimido or tritylamino and, particularly, the so-called penicillin thioacids or thiopenicillins of the formula S CH3 ll in which R represents the side chain of any of the known penicillins other than those containing a group which is altered by reaction with Raney nickel above 0 C.
• These compounds are usually used in the form of salts, e.g. sodium, potassium.
• thiopenicillins are prepared from penicillins by the methods described below or in US. Patent 2,751,378.
• an active acylating derivative of the starting penicillin such as an anhydride or a mixed anhydride (such as the mixed anhydride with a lower alkyl ester of ethoxy-or isobutoxy-carbonic acid) or an acid chloride is prepared and reacted with a source of sulfhydryl groups, e.g. hydrogen sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide or potassium hydrosulfide.
• the 6 (DL-oc phenoxypropionamido)thiopenicillanic acid is extracted into ether, washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Potassium 2-ethy1- hexanoate (5 gm.) is added and the crystalline precipitate is collected and weighs 4.5 gm. Recrystallization from water and acetone yields 1.1 gm. of the product, potassium 6 (DL a phenoxypropionamido)thiopenicil lanat'e, as colorless plates which are found to contain the B-lactam ring as shown by infrared analysis, to have a melting point of greater than 240 C. with decomposition and the following elemental anaylsis:
• potassium 6-(D'a-phenoxypropionamido)thiopenicillan-ate which is found to contain the fi-lactam ring as shown by infrared analysis, to have a melting point of greater than 195 C. with decomposition and the following elemental analysis:
• Preparation 14 Preparation of potassium 6-(L-aphenoxypropionamido)thiopenicillanate
• Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of potassium 6 (L-u-phenoxypropionamido)penicillanate (5 gm., 0.0125 mole) in water ml.) until a pH of 2 is attained.
• the penicillin acid is extracted from this solution into ethyl acetate (200 ml.), washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
• the ethyl acetate is evaporated at 35 C.
• the residue is dissolved in dimethylformamide (150 ml.) and cooled to 5 C. in an ice bath.
• 2,6-lutidine (1.33 gm., 0.0125 mole) is added, followed by the dropwlse addition of ethyl chloroformate (1.33 gm., 0.0125 mole).
• the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes and'a suspension of sodium hydrosulfide (2.5 gm., 0.0447 mole) in dimethyl'formamide (100 ml.) is added all at once.
• the solution is stirred for 20 minutes and then poured into water (one liter) and acidified to pH 2 with dilute sulfuric acid.
• the 6-(L-a-phenoxypropionamido)thiopenicillanic acid is extracted into ether, washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
• Potassium 2-ethylhexan0ate (3 gm.) is added and the crystalline precipitate is collected. Recrystallization from water and n-butan-ol yields 2.5 gm. of the product, potassium 6-(L-ot-phenoxypropionamido)thiopenicillanate which is found to have a melting point of greater than 215 C. with decomposition and the following elemental analysis:
• Preparation 15--Preparati0n of potassiumo-(aisopropyl-u-phenoxyacetamido)thiopenicillanate Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of potassium 6-(a-isopropyl-a-phenoxyacetamido)thiopenicillanate (5.3 gm., 0.0125 mole) in water (150 ml.) until a pH of 2 is attained. The penicillin acid is extracted from this solution into ethyl acetate (200 m1.) washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The ethyl acetate is evaporated at 35 C.
• the 6-(asopropyl-a phenoxyacetamido)thiopenicillanic acid is ex- :racted into ether, Washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Potassium Z-ethylhexanoate (3 gm.) is added and the crystalline precipitate is :ollected. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate and Skellysolve yields 2.3 gm. of the product potassium 6-(alsopropyl-a-phenoxyacetamido)thiopenicillanate, which is found to contain the B-lactam ring as shown 'by infrared analysis and to have a melting point of greater than 170 C. with decomposition.
• Preparation 1 6 --Preparation of potassium 6-[L( -ocphenoxybutyram ido] thio p enici l lanate Potassium 6- [L( )-a-phenoxybutyramido]penicillanate (2.08 gm., 0.005 mole) is dissolved in water (30 ml.) and layered with ethyl acetate. After cooling to 5 C., dilute phosphoric acid (40%) is added until a pH of 2 is attained. The penicillin acid is extracted into the ethyl acetate and a further extraction with fresh ethyl acetate is made.
• the resulting green solution is stirred for 25 minutes and poured into a precooled (10 C.) mixture of water (150 ml.), acidified to pH 1.5 with dilute phosphoric acid (40%) and benzene (100 ml.) with vigorous stirring.
• the 6- [L()-a-phenoxybutyramido]thiopenicillanic acid is extracted into benzene and a further extraction with fresh benzene is made.
• the combined extracts are washed and dried. Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate (0.005 mole) is added as a 50% solution of potassium Z-ethylhexanoate in butanol.
• Skellysolve B (a petroleum ether fraction having a boiling point range of from about 60 to about 68 C. consisting essentially of n-hexane) is added to the solution with cooling and shaking until the solution becomes cloudy, and an oil separates. The solution is decanted and flashed to dryness. The residue is triturated with ether, and a white solid forms which is removed by filtration, washed with dry ether, and dried in vacuo. The product, potassium 6- [L( )-a-phenoxybutyramido] thiopenicillanate is found to weigh 2 grams, to have a melting point of 145 149 C. with decomposition and the structure is confirmed by infrared analysis.
• Preparation 18 In the procedure of Preparation 11, the potassium 6- (a-phenoxypropionamido)penicillanic acid is replaced by 0.025 mole of the potassium salt of 6- a-phenylthiopropionamido penicillanic acid, 6- a-p aranitrophenylthiopropionamido penicillanic acid, 6- a-parachlorophenylthiopropionamido penicillanic acid, 6- a-phenylthiobutyrarnido penicillanic acid, 6-( a-phenylthiocaproamido penicillanic acid, 6- a-phenylthioisovaleramido penicillanic acid, 6- a- (4-t-butylphenylthio propionamido] penicillanic acid, 6- wortho-tolylthiopropionamido penicillanic acid, 6- a-orth o-nitrophenylthiopropionamido) pe
• Preparation 20 Preparati0n of potassium 6- [D -ecplzenoxybulyramido] thiopenicillanale Potassium 6-[D( -0t phenoxybutyramido]penicillanate (3.0 gm.) is dissolved in water (30 ml.) and layered with ethyl acetate. After cooling to 5 C.., dilute phosphoric acid (40%) is added until a pH of 2 is attained. The penicillin acid is extracted into the ethyl acetate and a further extraction with fresh ethyl acetate is made.
• Skellysolve B is added to the solution with cooling and shaking until the solution becomes cloudy, and an oil separates.
• the solution is decanted and flashed to dryness.
• the residue is triturated with ether, and a white solid forms which is removed by filtration, washed with dry ether, dried in vacuo and found to weigh 2.5 gm.
• the aqueous solution of 6-[D,L-a- Jhenoxypropionamido]thiopenicillanic acid is extracted 1nd re-extracted with trichlorethylene.
• the combined :richl-orethylene extracts are dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate in an ice bath and placed under vacuum for 30 minutes to remove hydrogen sulfide.
• the magnesium sulfate is then filtered off and washed on the filter with trichlorethylene.
• To the combined filtrates is added 70 ml.
• Potassium 6- [D,L-ot-phenoxybutyramido] penicillanate (30.0 gm.) is dissolved in a mixture of 100 ml. ice Water and 100 ml. trichlorethylene. After cooling the mixture to 5 C., 6 N hydrochloric acid is added with stirring until a pH of 2 is attained. The trichlorethylene phase is separated and maintained at 5 C. The aqueous phase is extracted again with 50 ml. of trichlorethylene and the trichlorethylene extracts are combined, mixed with 40 gm. of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and stirred in an ice bath for 30 minutes.
• the combined extracts are then filtered, and the filter cake is washed with ml. trichlorethylene.
• the filtrates are placed together with 250 ml. dimethylformamide in a one-liter 3-necked flask with a drying tube vent and cooled to -3 C. in an ice-acetone bath.
• To the chiiled filtrates is then added 10.2 ml. 2,6-lutidine and then ethylchloroformate, 8.7 ml. over a five-minute period after which the resulting solution of mixed anhydride is stirred in the ice bath for 30 minutes.
• An anhydrous solution of 16.8 gm. of sodium hydrosulfide trihydrate in 150 ml.
• dimethylformamide is mixed with the mixed anhydride solution over a period of five minutes and the resulting slurry is stirred for one hour at 0 C.
• the slurry is then slowly decanted into 1500 ml. of ice water having a pH of 1.9.
• the pH of the mixture. is maintained at about two by adjustment with 6 N; hydrochloric acid.
• the aqueous solution of 6-[D,L-a-phenoxybutyramido] thiopenicillanic acid is extracted with trichlorethylene.
• the combined trichlorethylene extracts are dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate on an ice bath and placed under vacuum for 30 minutes to remove hydrogen sulfide.
• the magnesium sulfate is then filtered 01f and washed on the filter with trichlorethylene.
• To the combined filtrates is added ml. of a 22% solution of potassium ethylhexanoate in methyl isobutyl ketone whereupon the product, potassium 6-[D,L-ot-phenoxybutyramido]thiopenicil lanate, crystallizes out of solution.
• the slurry is stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature and thereafter in an ice bath for minutes While the product crystallizes.
• the product is collected by filtration, washed with trichlorethylene, vacuum-dried over P 0 for 18 hours, and thereafter the structure is confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared absorption data.
• Preparation 23 Preparati0n of 6-aminothiopenicillanic acid
• a fermentation broth is prepared by the fermentation of Escherichia coli under submerged aerobic conditions according to conventional procedures and found to contain 5,270 penicillin amidase units per ml.
• a solution of 2.5 gm. calcium nitrate dihydrate dissolved in 6 ml. of water is added to one liter of such fermentation broth. After mixing, the broth is filtered, and the filtered mat washed with 150 ml. water. The filtered mat is then suspended in 200 ml. of water to which is added 5 ml. of toluene, and the suspension is stirred for three hours. After stirring, the suspension is filtered and the collected solid materials washed with ml. of water. The filtrate is stirred with 1 gm. activated carbon (Darco KB) and 1.2 ml. of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Mixture No. I. Quaternary Ammonium Salt Mixture No.
• I is commercially available from Armour & Company of Chicago, Ill., under the trademark of Arquad 16-50 and is a liquid quaternary ammonium salt mixture containing, by weight, about 45% hexadecyltrirnethylammonium chloride, about 3% octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, about 2% octadecenyltrimethylammonium chloride, about 35% isopropanol, about 14% water, and about 1% sodium chloride.
• Benzylthiopenicillin (8 gm.) is prepared by the proce-' dure described in United States Patent No. 2,751,378 and added to 400 ml. of penicillin amidase solution, prepared according to the procedure described above. This suspension is maintained at pH 8.0 and 35 C. for four hours, during which time the enzyme brings about the enzymatic hydrolysis of the benzylthiopenicillin.
• the benzylthiopencillin and phenylacetate (produced during the hydrolysis) are removed at pH 2 and 5 C. with methyl isobutyl ketone. After extraction, a portion of the liquor (250 ml.) is adjusted to pH 7 with sodium hydroxide and vacuum concentrated to 20 ml.
• the concentrate is adjusted to pH 4 with hydrochloric acid (6 N) and cooled to 5 C. and allowed to stand for 20 hours at 5 C. during which time crystallization occurs.
• the crystals are filtered, washed with water (10 ml.) and then dry acetone.
• the 6-aminothiopenicillanic acid is recovered, weighs 0.29 gm. and the presence of the o H -CSH group and ,B-lactam ring is confirmed by infrared analysis.
• Preparation 24 Preparali0n 0 o-(a-aminophenylacetamido) -zhi0penicillanic acid 6 (a carbobenzyloxyaminophenylacetamido)penicillanic acid which is obtained by the reaction of equivalent quantities of 6- a-aminophenylacetamido penicillanic acid and benzyl chlorocarbonate in aqueous sodium hy-

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  • BE BE661405D patent/BE661405A/xx unknown
• 1964
  • 1964-03-20 US US353577A patent/US3316273A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1965
  • 1965-03-17 DE DE19651545581 patent/DE1545581A1/de active Pending
  • 1965-03-19 NL NL6503503A patent/NL6503503A/xx unknown
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  • 1965-03-19 GB GB11824/65A patent/GB1097338A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-03-22 AT AT261265A patent/AT267055B/de active

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