US3288199A - Low exess air operation of multipleburner residual-fuel-fired furnaces - Google Patents

Low exess air operation of multipleburner residual-fuel-fired furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3288199A
US3288199A US476662A US47666265A US3288199A US 3288199 A US3288199 A US 3288199A US 476662 A US476662 A US 476662A US 47666265 A US47666265 A US 47666265A US 3288199 A US3288199 A US 3288199A
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United States
Prior art keywords
burner
air
burners
fuel
excess air
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US476662A
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English (en)
Inventor
John E Gerrard
Charles W Siegmund
Philippoff Wladimir
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Research and Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority to US476662A priority Critical patent/US3288199A/en
Priority to GB32194/66A priority patent/GB1115889A/en
Priority to DE19661526221 priority patent/DE1526221A1/de
Priority to FI662028A priority patent/FI48386C/fi
Priority to DK398266AA priority patent/DK115485B/da
Priority to AT736166A priority patent/AT283563B/de
Priority to CH1114166A priority patent/CH474020A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3288199A publication Critical patent/US3288199A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multiple-burner residual-fuel-fired furnaces and boilers. In general, it concerns a process and apparatus for establishing and maintaining optimum combustion at a low level of excess air in a multiple-burner furnace or boiler. In particular, it provides a process for achieving this optimum combustion by achieving the proper adjustment of the individual burners of such multipleburner systems.
  • Multiple-burner residual-fuel-fired furnaces or boilers are commonly used in firing power plants. Such furnaces or boilers may have a dozen burners, be as tall as an eight story building and consume up to 400 barrels of fuel oil per hour.
  • the residual fuel oils employed in such burners contain ash (i.e. metallic contaminants that are both non-volatile and non-combustible) and sulfur. Ash is troublesome in nearly all types of combustion equipment. The most common problem is deposit formation or slagging which reduces heat transfer, etc. Sulfur is found in varying amounts and chemical combinations in all grades of residual fuel oil. Some heavy fuels from high sulfur crudes contain as much as 5 wt. percent sulfur, while others from low sulfur crudes may have less than 1 wt. percent. Typical is a No. 6 oil having an average sulfur level of 2.5 wt. percent. When sulfurcontaining fuels are burned, part of the sulfur is converted to sulfur trioxide which in turn causes sulfuric acid corrosion.
  • analysis of components in the common flue gas enables the establishment for each individual burner of a substantially stoichiometric combustion point.
  • the same level of excess air combustion for each individual burner is obtained by backing off from this point.
  • Each burner is treated individually in this manner, i.e. first establishing a substantially stoichiometric combustion point, and second backing off.
  • This process is conveniently referred to as tuning the burners.
  • the tuning is repeated until each individual burner is operating at the same level of excess air.
  • the process of continuously tuning the burners involves an iteration in the mathematical sense that successive trials home in on the solution if the system is inherently convergent which this is. After the burners are tuned, if the level of excess air combustion is other than that which is desired, appropriate adjustment of all burners simultaneously to achieve the desired level is easily effected.
  • Either of two basic flue gas analyses can be used in the first step of the process of the present invention.
  • the analysis is performed on the combustibles in the flue gas.
  • the combustibles are substantially carbon monoxide, which is the most sensitive component in the combustion system as regards rapid concentration change at the stoichiometric point.
  • the analysis is performed on any component of the combustion system which peaks in concentration near the stoichiometric point. Carbon dioxide is one such component which peaks in concentration near the stoichiometric point.
  • each subsequent burner be brought to the same common flue gas carbon monoxide level, i.e. substantially stoichiometric point.
  • the burner is backed off this level in order to achieve the desired level of low excess air combustion, e.g. about 23% excess air.
  • the backing off is accomplished by increasing the air and/ or decreasing the fuel feed to the particular burner in question.
  • the extent to which the bumer should be backed off can in general be determined by either one of two methods.
  • the first, and preferred, method involves a trial-and-error technique. In this technique, the air and/ or fuel supply valve to the individual burner is turned, i.e. backed off a measurable displacement.
  • a flame temperature measuring device is used to determine the extent to which the burner should be backed off.
  • sheathed refractory-metal thermocouples' provide a means of determining flame temperature.
  • Other devices such as closedtube photopyrometers may also be used.
  • flame temperature varies about 6 to 10 Fahrenheit degrees per percent excess air.
  • each burner should be backed off in terms of temperature to the same extent e.g. 20 to 30 F.
  • This second method requires the use of some means for measuring flame temperature. In the past great difiiculty has been encountered in providing suitable devices which would continue to function without failure under the high temperature conditions which exist within the furnaces.
  • the device is subjected to these high temperatures only once, i.e. during initial calibration. For example, a thermocouple or other device is used initially to establish the extent to which the burner should be backed off. The result is then converted into a fixed displacement on the individual air (or fuel) control valve for the burner in question and the device is removed from the furnace. It is apparent from the above that the first method described does not require the use of any temperature measuring device.
  • the level of excess air combustion is determined by flue gas analysis of the stack gas for the percent oxygen. If the results of this analysis indicate that the level is other than that which is desired, appropriate adjustment of all burners simultaneously to achieve the desired level is easily effected.
  • Suitable apparatus would include a carbon monoxide or combustibles analyzer a level-sensing device on the output from the analyzer which activates the air and/or fuel control valves on the respective feeds to the individual burners.
  • a furnace 1 equipped with four burners 2. Air and fuel are supplied to each burner 2 through the respective control valves 3. Fuel is supplied through supply means 5 to each control valve 3 from a fuel manifold 4. Air is supplied through supply means 7 to each control valve 3 from an air manifold 6. Control valve 8 regulates the air/ fuel ratio to the fuel manifold 4 and air manifold 6.
  • a flue gas analyzer 9 is located in the furnace stack 10 and analyzes the mixture of flue gases from the four burners 2. Signals from the level-sensing device 11 on the output from flue gas analyzer 9 are conducted through suitable conduit means 12 to activate air and/ or feed control valves on the respective feeds to the individual burners.
  • Each control valve 3 and control valve 8 are shown as single valves, however, two separate valves, one on the fuel supply line and one on the air supply line, can also be employed at any or all of these points in the system.
  • This apparatus would include a peak component analyzer, e.g. 'a carbon dioxide analyzer and a peaksensing device on the output from the analyzer which actuates air and/ or fuel control valves on the respective feeds to the individual burners.
  • a peak component analyzer e.g. 'a carbon dioxide analyzer
  • a peaksensing device on the output from the analyzer which actuates air and/ or fuel control valves on the respective feeds to the individual burners.
  • a process for the control of low excess air combustion in a multiple-burner furnace during operation of the burners thereof which comprises (a) adjusting the air-fuel feed to a first burner of said furnace, while analyzing the concentration of a flue gas component whose concentration in the flue gas is proportional to the level of excess air operation of said first burner, thereby establishing essentially the stoichiometric point of said first burner; (b) backing off said first burner to the desired level of low excess air combustion and (c) sequentially repeating (a) and (b) on each burner of said multiple-burner furnace, thereby establishing substantially the same desired level of combustion at each burner of said furnace.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
US476662A 1965-08-02 1965-08-02 Low exess air operation of multipleburner residual-fuel-fired furnaces Expired - Lifetime US3288199A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US476662A US3288199A (en) 1965-08-02 1965-08-02 Low exess air operation of multipleburner residual-fuel-fired furnaces
GB32194/66A GB1115889A (en) 1965-08-02 1966-07-18 Improved method and apparatus for multi-burner fuel-fired furnaces
DE19661526221 DE1526221A1 (de) 1965-08-02 1966-07-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines Vielfachoelbrenners
FI662028A FI48386C (fi) 1965-08-02 1966-08-01 Menetelmä palamisen säätämiseksi useilla polttimoilla varustetussa uun issa.
DK398266AA DK115485B (da) 1965-08-02 1966-08-01 Fremgangsmåde til styring af forbrændingen i et fyr med flere brændere.
AT736166A AT283563B (de) 1965-08-02 1966-08-01 Verfahren zur Regelung der Verbrennung mit niedrigem Luftüberschuß in einer rückstandsölgefeuerten Mehrbrenneranlage
CH1114166A CH474020A (de) 1965-08-02 1966-08-02 Verfahren zur Steuerung der Verbrennung in einer Mehrbrenneranlage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US476662A US3288199A (en) 1965-08-02 1965-08-02 Low exess air operation of multipleburner residual-fuel-fired furnaces

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3288199A true US3288199A (en) 1966-11-29

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US476662A Expired - Lifetime US3288199A (en) 1965-08-02 1965-08-02 Low exess air operation of multipleburner residual-fuel-fired furnaces

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US (1) US3288199A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT283563B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH474020A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1526221A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK115485B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI48386C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1115889A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237825A (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-12-09 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace heat absorption control
US4270470A (en) * 1979-04-27 1981-06-02 Barnett William O Combustion system and method for burning fuel with a variable heating value
US4316420A (en) * 1978-11-06 1982-02-23 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace heat absorption control
US4362499A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-12-07 Fisher Controls Company, Inc. Combustion control system and method
US4492560A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-01-08 Hardy Sundberg Gas combustion control apparatus
US5902926A (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-05-11 Davis; Thomas G. Method to identify gas combustion integrity in fan assisted equipment
WO2000050816A1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-08-31 Eta Exclusive Thermodynamic Application Ltd. Method for controlling the performance of an energy system
US6312250B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2001-11-06 North American Manufacturing Company Premix burner with firing rate control
US20110226039A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 Carrier Corporation Flue Gas Sensor With Water Barrier Member
US20140087316A1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2014-03-27 American Air Liquide, Inc. Method and System for Heat Recovery from Products of Combustion and Charge Heating Installation Including the Same
US20200240636A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-07-30 Grasim Industries Ltd Systems and methods for firing an insulator
US20210278087A1 (en) * 2020-03-06 2021-09-09 Wolf Steel Ltd. Control system for a fuel burning appliance and a method of operating such an appliance

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3032978A1 (de) * 1980-09-02 1982-04-15 Grolitsch Erhard Dipl Ing Agr Verfahren zum vollkommenen schadstoffarmen verbrennen (oxidation) von kohlenstoffhaltigen brennstoffen
JPS5782623A (en) * 1980-11-13 1982-05-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Self-heated vaporizing combustor
DE4315969A1 (de) * 1993-05-10 1995-02-23 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Optimierung von Verbrennungsanlagen

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1645350A (en) * 1925-04-11 1927-10-11 Reineke Josef Heinz Apparatus for regulating air supply
US2666584A (en) * 1950-12-18 1954-01-19 Honeywell Regulator Co Combustion control apparatus
US3015357A (en) * 1958-01-23 1962-01-02 United States Steel Corp Method of controlling the operation of an open hearth furnace

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1645350A (en) * 1925-04-11 1927-10-11 Reineke Josef Heinz Apparatus for regulating air supply
US2666584A (en) * 1950-12-18 1954-01-19 Honeywell Regulator Co Combustion control apparatus
US3015357A (en) * 1958-01-23 1962-01-02 United States Steel Corp Method of controlling the operation of an open hearth furnace

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237825A (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-12-09 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace heat absorption control
US4316420A (en) * 1978-11-06 1982-02-23 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace heat absorption control
US4270470A (en) * 1979-04-27 1981-06-02 Barnett William O Combustion system and method for burning fuel with a variable heating value
US4362499A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-12-07 Fisher Controls Company, Inc. Combustion control system and method
US4492560A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-01-08 Hardy Sundberg Gas combustion control apparatus
US5902926A (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-05-11 Davis; Thomas G. Method to identify gas combustion integrity in fan assisted equipment
WO2000050816A1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-08-31 Eta Exclusive Thermodynamic Application Ltd. Method for controlling the performance of an energy system
US6312250B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2001-11-06 North American Manufacturing Company Premix burner with firing rate control
US8707759B2 (en) * 2010-03-17 2014-04-29 Carrier Corporation Flue gas sensor with water barrier member
US20110226039A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 Carrier Corporation Flue Gas Sensor With Water Barrier Member
US20140087316A1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2014-03-27 American Air Liquide, Inc. Method and System for Heat Recovery from Products of Combustion and Charge Heating Installation Including the Same
CN104822990A (zh) * 2012-09-26 2015-08-05 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于从燃烧产物进行热回收的方法和系统以及包括其的炉料加热设备
US9618203B2 (en) * 2012-09-26 2017-04-11 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Eploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and system for heat recovery from products of combustion and charge heating installation including the same
CN104822990B (zh) * 2012-09-26 2017-12-08 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于从燃烧产物进行热回收的方法和系统以及包括其的炉料加热设备
US9851102B2 (en) * 2012-09-26 2017-12-26 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and system for heat recovery from products of combustion and charge heating installation including the same
EP2904321B1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2019-07-03 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method and system for heat recovery from products of combustion and charge heating installation including the same
EP2904320B1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2019-08-14 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method and system for heat recovery from products of combustion and charge heating installation including the same
US20200240636A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-07-30 Grasim Industries Ltd Systems and methods for firing an insulator
US20210278087A1 (en) * 2020-03-06 2021-09-09 Wolf Steel Ltd. Control system for a fuel burning appliance and a method of operating such an appliance
US11976821B2 (en) * 2020-03-06 2024-05-07 Wolf Steel Ltd. Control system for a fuel burning appliance and a method of operating such an appliance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1115889A (en) 1968-05-29
FI48386C (fi) 1974-09-10
AT283563B (de) 1970-08-10
DE1526221A1 (de) 1970-04-23
FI48386B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-31
CH474020A (de) 1969-06-15
DK115485B (da) 1969-10-13

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