US3285579A - Devices for homogenizing a mixture by ultra-sound vibrations - Google Patents

Devices for homogenizing a mixture by ultra-sound vibrations Download PDF

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Publication number
US3285579A
US3285579A US364958A US36495864A US3285579A US 3285579 A US3285579 A US 3285579A US 364958 A US364958 A US 364958A US 36495864 A US36495864 A US 36495864A US 3285579 A US3285579 A US 3285579A
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bell
mixture
metal element
jet
liquid
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US364958A
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Guerin Robert
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
    • B01F31/81—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations by vibrations generated inside a mixing device not coming from an external drive, e.g. by the flow of material causing a knife to vibrate or by vibrating nozzles

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  • the present invention relates to devices for homogenizing by means of ultra-sound vibrations the mixture of a llqllld withat least one other fluid, either liquid or gaseous, of any viscosity and which may even be pasty and/ or contain solid particles, said other fluid being little miscible or nonmiscible with said liquid (as it is the case for suspensions or emulsions) and tending to separate from this liquid shortly after it has mixed therewith.
  • the above ment oned vibrations are produced by projecting at least the liquid in the form of a jet upon the free end of a metal element capable of vibrating at an ultra-sound frequency, preferably under the mere effect of the impact of sa d et thereon, the other fluid being introduced in proxmity to said free end preferably through the intermediate ofthe jet itself, in which case said other fluid is mixed with the liquid before projection of the whole upon the metal element.
  • the chief object of my invention is to provide a device of the type above described which is capable of producing a mixture more homogeneous and more stable than up to this time.
  • the invention consists chiefly, in surrounding the metal element by a bell the bottom of which is fixed to the end of said element opposed to its free end and the edge of which is free, said bell being chosen in such manner that the fundamental sound of natural vibration thereof has a harmonic which at least substantially coincides with the ultra-sound generated by the system consisting of the liqu d et and the metal element, whereby the 'bell vibrates in resonance with the system consisting of the liquid et and the metal element, at least most of the annular space comprised between the metal element and the lziell being filled with the liquid mixture to be homogemze
  • a preferred embodiment of my invention will be herevmaftendescribed with reference to the appended drawings, given merely by way of example, and in which:
  • FIG. l is an axial sectional view of a homogenizing device made according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows on an enlarged scale the portion of this devlce through which the mixture to be homogenized is lntroduced;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic .part view showing some of the paths along which travel the particles of the jet introduced into the device.
  • the present invention permits of obtaining these qualities at a high degree owing to the provision of a resonance between, on the one hand, the system consisting of the jet of mixture and of the metal element and, on the other hand, a bell to the bottom of which said element is secured.
  • the bell is chosen in such manner that its natural vibration fundamental sound, which is sharp in the range of audible sounds, has, as one of its harmonics, the ultra-sound emitted by the system consisting of the jet and the element, or an ultra-sound of nearly equal frequency.
  • the amplitude of the oscillations of the disturbing system may reach its maximum values simultaneously with the amplitude of the oscillations of the disturbed system (bell), .both systems then vibrating in resonance.
  • the annular space between the element and the bell is filled, at least mostly, with the mixture to be homogenized, whereby the ultra-sound vibrations of the jet and element system are transmitted to the bell both through the metal and through the liquid mass.
  • the resonance ultra-sound oscillations then generated in said mass are of very high intensity and cause the individual particles of said mass to burst into extremely fine and stable micelles.
  • the liquid mixture to be homogenized is preferably made of constitutents which are little miscible or nonmiscible together, that is to say which have different surface tensions and high interfacial tensions, at least one of these constituents being in particular in a colloidal state.
  • This mixture may be treated either in the cold or in the hot state, with or without the addition of stabilizing, dispersing, tension-active or similar agents.
  • Such a mixture consists for instance of heating fuel (often called mazout) and water, with or without the addition of air, or of gasoline and water, or again of a suspension of paint, glue, a detersive product, a food product or any other suitable binder, either mixed or not with a gas ,and/ or with solid particles. In some cases it is possible, by means of repeated recycling, to transform the mixture into a gel.
  • the vibrations of the metal element might be generated through any suitable means of mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, piezo-electric, magneto-striction, or even optical kind, but it is preferred to produce them by the mere effect of the jet on the above mentioned element.
  • Said element might be a blade capable of vibrating like a reed, or a rod provided at its end with a bulb.
  • said element is in the form of a body capable of deflecting the jet it receives toward the free edge of the bell.
  • said element comprises a rod provided at its end with a deflecting substantially conical head the apex of which is directed toward the jet.
  • the above mentioned bell is inverted so that the liquid mixture present therein escapes therefrom by overflow along its free edge, subjected to very intensive vibration.
  • This bell then preferably has a considerable portion thereof immersed in the mixture to be homogenized, .the level of the free surface of this mixture around the bell being advantageously maintanied at a constant value through suitable means.
  • the homogenizing device comprises the following elements:
  • the mixture projecting nozzle comprises a removable disc 3 (FIG. 2) provided at its center with a calibrated orifice 1 and secured in support 2 (which is provided with internal and external screw threads) by a nut 38.
  • a filter 4 capable of retaining the impurities of the mixture is also secured by screwing in nut 38.
  • Support 2 is also fixed by screwing in a coupling 5 provided with internal and external screw-threads and this coupling 5 is in turn housed in an adjustable manner, by screwing, in a fixed ring 6.
  • This coupling 5 is secured in the desired position by an external nut 7.
  • Coupling 5 is connected with a feed conduit 39.
  • the center of the bottom 14 of bell 14 is provided with a hole through which extends a threaded rod 15 forming an extension of an annular shoulder 13 itself disposed at the center of the bottom of a second inverted bell 11 smaller than bell 14.
  • a threaded rod 15 forming an extension of an annular shoulder 13 itself disposed at the center of the bottom of a second inverted bell 11 smaller than bell 14.
  • a Washer 40 and a supporting stirrup 16 permits of securing the respective bottom portions of the two bells together While keeping these bottoms at a distance from each other by means of shoulder 13.
  • Bell 11 comprises a central finger 12 on which is force fitted the lower end 41 of rod 9.
  • Stirrup 16 is secured to a lid 18 and supports the whole along the vertical axis of a tank 17 which is covered by said lid with the interposition of a resilient packing 28 and of a metal ring 29.
  • a bell 20 having its free edge turned downwardly is secured to the lower end of bar 19 by means of a central screw 21 and receives through this bar the vibrations of parts 9 to 14.
  • a tubular sheath 30 carried by stirrup 16 is provided for collecting the liquid mixture overflowing from bell 14 and for guiding it by gravity toward the external face of bell 20.
  • the free lower edge of said bell 20 is located at a small distance from the portion of tank 17 located opposite it.
  • This tank 17 carries a nut 24 in which is screwed a plug 25 connected by screwing with an outlet pipe 26 for the outflow of the homogenized mixture.
  • an overflow 27 The bottom of tank 17 may be closed, said overflow being then used as outlet for the homogenized mixture.
  • magnet 3 carried by screw 21 retains the ferromagnetic particles which may be contained in the mixture.
  • the mixture to be homogenized is projected downwardly along arrow F onto the apex 8 of deflecting head 10. It is deflected in the form of a sheet toward the edge 14 of bell 14 (arrow F FIG. 3). The whole of this sheet and of head 10 vibrate at an ultra-sound frequency due to the more impact of the jet onto head 10. These vibrations are transmitted to hell 14 by conduction both through said sheet and through the metal of the rod and of the bell whereby this bell vibrates in resonance with the above described system.
  • a portion of the sheet that has struck the side wall of bell 14 is reflected in the direction of arrow F toward rod 9. Another portion of said sheet is reflected along arrow F against the outer face of the small bell 11, which vibrates also, whence it is again returned toward the outside and so on.
  • Bell 14 is filled with the mixture and this mixture overflows into sheath 30, travels by gravity along said sheath (itself subjected to ultra-sound vibration through the intermediate of stirrup 16 and of the mixture 32 itself) then along the external surface of hell 20 (which also vibrates), undergoes a last vibratory stress by flowing through the throttled annular interval between bell 20 and the lower edge of tank 17, and is finally evacuated through pipe 26 toward a utilization apparatus or a provisional storing device, or toward recycling.
  • the level of the free horizontal surface 33 of the liquid mass 32 surrounding bell 14 advantageously remains stationary and is in particular slightly below the level of edge 14 Most of bell 14 is then immersed in the liquid.
  • experience teaches that the conditions of resonance, and therefore the characteristics of the homogenization that is obtained, vary if said level varies.
  • I advantageously make use of an overflow 27, which supposes a flow rate of injection slightly above the delivery flow rate.
  • a regulation system comprising a float 34 capable of acting upon a valve 35 which controls the injection flow rate either directly or indirectly (for instance electrically by means of a circuitbreaker 36 mounted in the energizing circuit 37 of valve 35, which is supposed to be electrically controlled).
  • Element 9 is a rod of hard steel having a diameter of 2 mm. and a length of 35 mm. (its bottom portion being not included), carrying a head 10 of substantially conical shape with a pointed apex 8. It is capable of vibrating at an ultra-sound frequency of 20,000 Hz. approximately, under the impact of jet 31.
  • Bell 14 is made of bronze machined to the desired shape and includes a fiat bottom joined through a rounded portion to a cylindrical skirt the diameter and height of which are about equal to mm.
  • the fundamental sound given by said bell has a frequency of about 4,000 Hz.
  • the mixture to be homogenized comprises, in volume, 50% of water and 50% of mazout.
  • the second bell 11, disposed in bell 14, is also made of bronze.
  • the bottom of these two bells are at a distance from each other of 13 mm. and the side walls are at a distance of 7 mm. of each other.
  • Bar 19 and bell 20 are made of steel.
  • the resonance ultra-sound frequency generally ranges from 10,000 to 100,000 Hz. and the pressure of injection from 3 to 30 -kg./cm. the diameter of the nozzle ranging generally from 0.5 to -5 mm. and its distance to the apex of the vibrating elements from 2 to mm.
  • the device might be heated or cooled instead of being kept at the temperatures of the surrounding medium.
  • the number of obstacles (bells or the like) subjected to ultra-sound vibrations and along which flows the mixture to be homogenized might be different from that referred to in the above described example.
  • the ultrasound vibration of the metal element may be obtained in any suitable manner, for instance electrically.
  • a device for homogenizing a mixture of a liquid with at least one other fluid which comprises, in combination, a metal element having a free upper end capable of vibrating at ultra-sound frequency, means for projecting a jet of said liquid and said other fluid downwardly toward said metal element so as to impinge onto said free upper end thereof, a bell opposite said projecting means having a closed lower end fixed to said metal element at a point thereof located at a distance below said free upper end thereof, said bell having a top open end with a free edge surrounding said metal element upper end, the natural frequency of vibration of said bell having one of its harmonics substantially equal to the ultrasound frequency of the system consisting of said liquid jet and said metal element, whereby said bell vibrates in resonance with said system, at least most of the annular space between said metal element and said bell being filled during operation with the mixture to be homogenized.
  • a device wherein the free end of said metal element is in the form of a deflector adapted to reflect said jet toward said free edge of said bell.
  • a device for homogenizing a mixture of a liquid and at least one other fluid which comprises, in combination, a vertical metal rod having its upper end free, said metal rod being capable of vibrating at an ultrasound frequency, means for projecting downwardly onto said upper end a jet of said mixture, an inverted bell surrounding said rod at least substantially coaxial therewith, and means for securing the bottom of said bell to the lower part of said rod, the top edge of said bell being free, the natural frequency of said bell having one of its harmonics subtantially equal to the ultra-sound frequency of the system consisting of said liquid jet and said metal rod, whereby said bell vibrates in resonnance with said system, the mixture to be homogenized filling during operation the annular space between said metal rod and said bell up to the edge of said jbell.
  • a device comprising means for maintaining about said bell .an amount of said mixtur about most of the height of said bell.
  • a device for homogenizing a mixture of a liquid and at least one other fluid which comprises, in com bination, a vertical metal rod having its upper end free, said upper end forming a substantially conical head of revolution about the axis of said rod and having its apex turned upwardly, said metal rod being capable of vibrating at an ultra-sound frequency, means for projecting downwardly onto said apex a jet of said mixture, said means comprising a disc having a calibrated hole formed therein, an inverted bell surrounding said rod at least substantially coaxial therewith, and means for securing the bottom of said bell to the lower part of said rod, the top edge of said bell being free, the natural frequency of said bell having one of its harmonics substantially equal to the ultra-sound frequency of the system consisting of said liquid jet and said metal rod, whereby said bell vibrates in resonance with said system, the mixture to be homogenized filling during operation the annular space between said metal rod and said bell up to the edge of said bell.
  • a device for homogenizing a mixture of a liquid and at least one other fluid which comprises, in combination, a vertical metal rod having its upper end free, said upper end forming a substantially conical head of revolution about the axis of said rod and having its apex turned upwardly, said metal rod being capable of vibrating at an ultra-sound frequency, means for projecting downwardly onto said apex a jet of said mixture, said means comprising a disc having a calibrated hole formed therein, an inverted bell surrounding said rod at least substantially coaxial therewith, means for securing the bottom of said bell to the lower part of said rod, the top edge of said bell being free, the natural frequency of said bell having one of its harmonics substantially equal to the ultra-sound frequency of the system consisting of said liquid jet and said metal rod, whereby said bell vibrates in resonance with said system, a casing surrounding said bell, the mixture to be homogenized filling during operation the annular space between said metal rod and said bell up to the edge of said bell and means carried by said casing for keeping the
  • a device for homogenizing a mixture of a liquid and at least one other fluid which comprises, in combination, a metal element having a free upper end capable of vibrating at an ultra-sound frequency, means for projecting a jet of said mixture downwardly toward said metal element so as to impinge onto said free upper end thereof, a first bell opposite said projecting means having a closed lower end fixed to said metal element at a point thereof located at a distance below said free upper end thereof, said bell having a top open end with a free edge surrounding said metal element upper end, a second bell smaller than the first one and disposed therein, the closed lower end of said second bell being secured to a second point of said metal element, said second bell having its bottom and its side located at a small distance from the bottom and the side of said first bell, respectively, the natural frequency of vibration of said first bell having one of its harmonics substantially equal to the ultrasound frequency of the system consisting of said liquid jet and said metal element, whereby said first bell vibrates in resonance with said system, the mixture to be homogenized filling during operation
  • a device for homogenizing a mixture of a liquid and at least one other fluid which comprises, in combination, a vertical metal rod having its upper end free, said metal rod being capable of vibrating at an ultrasound frequency, means for projecting downwardly onto said upper end a jet of said mixture, an inverted first bell surrounding said rod at least substantially coaxial therewith, means for securing the bottom of said bell to the lower part of said rod, the top edge of said bell being free, a second bell smaller than the first one and disposed therein, the bottom of said second bell being secured to the bottom of said first bell, said second bell having its bottom and its side located at a small distance from the bottom and the side of said first bell, respectively, the
  • a device wherein the lower edge of said third mentioned 'bell is located close to the inner wall of said casing so as to form a throttled passage for the homogenized mixture before it flows out through said outlet.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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US364958A 1963-05-09 1964-05-05 Devices for homogenizing a mixture by ultra-sound vibrations Expired - Lifetime US3285579A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR934259A FR1367515A (fr) 1963-05-09 1963-05-09 Procédé d'homogénéisation par oscillations forcées accentuées par la résonance et moyens pour sa mise en oeuvre

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3357683A (en) * 1965-04-22 1967-12-12 Ekstroems Maskinaffaer Ab Apparatus for generating vibrations in liquids
DE1271444B (de) * 1965-04-22 1968-06-27 A Ekstroems Maskinaffaer Ab Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schwingungen in Fluessigkeiten
US3599940A (en) * 1969-12-01 1971-08-17 Dow Chemical Co Method for saturated liquid aerosol formulations
US3645504A (en) * 1968-11-22 1972-02-29 Branson Instr Sonic dispersing apparatus
US3897779A (en) * 1973-06-27 1975-08-05 American Cyanamid Co Triamcinolone acetonide inhalation therapy
EP0399697A2 (de) * 1989-05-24 1990-11-28 Philip Morris Products Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Tabakblättern
US5006349A (en) * 1986-01-28 1991-04-09 Land O'lakes, Inc. Process for producing a protein product
ES2160442A1 (es) * 1998-02-27 2001-11-01 Univ Catalunya Politecnica Homogeneizador.
US20090003123A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Morrison Jr Lowen Robert Apparatus and method for mixing by producing shear and/or cavitation, and components for apparatus
US20090220652A1 (en) * 2006-03-16 2009-09-03 Cargill Incorporated Meat Brines
US20100157720A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Michael Woodmansee Vibration Enhanced Mixing Process
US9005686B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2015-04-14 Cavitus Pty Ltd Density modification
CN104907180A (zh) * 2015-07-15 2015-09-16 黑龙江科技大学 一种超声波乳化药剂系统及利用其制备乳化药剂的方法
CN109205050A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-15 嘉善凝红绒业有限公司 一种植绒胶水灌胶装置
CN109689211A (zh) * 2016-04-19 2019-04-26 法国血液机构 用于使dna样品断裂的装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK152260C (da) * 1978-01-18 1988-07-25 Reson System Aps Fremgangsmaade til kontinuerlig homogenisering eller emulgering af vaesker og ultralydapparat til udoevelse af fremgangsmaaden
DE19733211A1 (de) * 1997-08-01 1998-12-03 Ksk Industrielackierungen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entgasen, Homogenisieren, Emulgieren und/oder Dispergieren von Lack in einer Lackieranlage
DE19735535C2 (de) * 1997-08-16 1999-11-04 Basf Coatings Ag Mischverfahren für Lacke
CN109260977B (zh) * 2018-10-26 2023-09-29 中北大学 一种可切换自由/受限式撞击流混合器及其使用方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2657021A (en) * 1951-02-22 1953-10-27 Eric C Cottell Apparatus for the mechanical production of acoustic vibrations for use in emulsification, dispersion or like processes

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2657021A (en) * 1951-02-22 1953-10-27 Eric C Cottell Apparatus for the mechanical production of acoustic vibrations for use in emulsification, dispersion or like processes

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3357683A (en) * 1965-04-22 1967-12-12 Ekstroems Maskinaffaer Ab Apparatus for generating vibrations in liquids
DE1271444B (de) * 1965-04-22 1968-06-27 A Ekstroems Maskinaffaer Ab Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schwingungen in Fluessigkeiten
US3645504A (en) * 1968-11-22 1972-02-29 Branson Instr Sonic dispersing apparatus
US3599940A (en) * 1969-12-01 1971-08-17 Dow Chemical Co Method for saturated liquid aerosol formulations
US3897779A (en) * 1973-06-27 1975-08-05 American Cyanamid Co Triamcinolone acetonide inhalation therapy
US5006349A (en) * 1986-01-28 1991-04-09 Land O'lakes, Inc. Process for producing a protein product
EP0399697A2 (de) * 1989-05-24 1990-11-28 Philip Morris Products Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Tabakblättern
EP0399697A3 (de) * 1989-05-24 1992-07-08 Philip Morris Products Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Tabakblättern
ES2160442A1 (es) * 1998-02-27 2001-11-01 Univ Catalunya Politecnica Homogeneizador.
US20090220652A1 (en) * 2006-03-16 2009-09-03 Cargill Incorporated Meat Brines
US20090003123A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Morrison Jr Lowen Robert Apparatus and method for mixing by producing shear and/or cavitation, and components for apparatus
US8517595B2 (en) * 2007-06-28 2013-08-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus and method for mixing by producing shear and/or cavitation, and components for apparatus
US20100157720A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Michael Woodmansee Vibration Enhanced Mixing Process
US9005686B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2015-04-14 Cavitus Pty Ltd Density modification
CN104907180A (zh) * 2015-07-15 2015-09-16 黑龙江科技大学 一种超声波乳化药剂系统及利用其制备乳化药剂的方法
CN104907180B (zh) * 2015-07-15 2017-04-12 黑龙江科技大学 利用超声波乳化药剂系统制备乳化药剂的方法
CN109689211A (zh) * 2016-04-19 2019-04-26 法国血液机构 用于使dna样品断裂的装置
US20190143292A1 (en) * 2016-04-19 2019-05-16 Etablissement Français Du Sang Device for dna sample fragmentation
US10919018B2 (en) * 2016-04-19 2021-02-16 Etablissement Franais Du Sang Device for DNA sample fragmentation configured to produce ultrasonic waves
CN109205050A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-15 嘉善凝红绒业有限公司 一种植绒胶水灌胶装置

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DE1457313A1 (de) 1968-11-28
GB1012586A (en) 1965-12-08
ES299670A1 (es) 1964-08-16
DE1457313B2 (de) 1971-06-03

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