US3282810A - Method of electrodepositing a corrosion resistant nickel-chromium coating and products thereof - Google Patents

Method of electrodepositing a corrosion resistant nickel-chromium coating and products thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3282810A
US3282810A US240445A US24044562A US3282810A US 3282810 A US3282810 A US 3282810A US 240445 A US240445 A US 240445A US 24044562 A US24044562 A US 24044562A US 3282810 A US3282810 A US 3282810A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
chromium
nickel
bath
layer
plating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US240445A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Odekerken Jules Marie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nv Research-Holland
RES HOLLAND NV
Original Assignee
RES HOLLAND NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RES HOLLAND NV filed Critical RES HOLLAND NV
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3282810A publication Critical patent/US3282810A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/623—Porosity of the layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/625—Discontinuous layers, e.g. microcracked layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12479—Porous [e.g., foamed, spongy, cracked, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
    • Y10T428/12646—Group VIII or IB metal-base
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component

Definitions

  • any chromium layer is more or less of a porous nature, a crack-free chromium layer Will therefore always show pores to a greater or lesser extent, caused by the chromiums ill-covering property. This is the reason why the micro-crack chromium has been developed. In this case one does not attempt to eliminate the galvanic action, but they are here produced on purpose.
  • the micro-crack pattern of the chromium layer causes such a large surface of the nickel to be laid bare, that the current density of the corroding current is practically negligible, so that, for this very reason, a considerable improvement is achieved against the corrosion.
  • the micro-crack pattern can be made visible by means of copper-plating. Use is made here of the property that no copper precipitation takes place on chromium, but does so on nickel. After a test by microscope, where it is enlarged at least 200 times, the crack pattern becomes visible. The most delicate meshwork at present produced, will leave small islands between the cracks having a diameter of several microns.
  • the inventor has found that a considerable improvement in the corrosion resistance may be obtained if care is taken that the chromium coating on the nickel coating is precipitated in a microporous manner from the very first moment. This may be achieved either by precipitating the top layer of the nickel coating itself in a microporous manner (first case), or by seeing to it that the chromium per se will precipitate in a microporous manner (second case).
  • the ill-covering property of the chro- "ice mium is made use of. If proper care is taken that the depth of the openings in the nickel layer is for example 2-3 times as much as the diameter of these openings, the bottom parts of these openings will stay free of chromium, causing a microporous structure.
  • colloidal particles as found in an emulsion, according to the invention. and 0.1a.
  • Nickel-plating and chromium-plating in an emulsion has been unknown up to now. On the contrary, so far every care was taken to keep a bath free from any organic impurities.
  • the method according to the invention may be applied by having this new emulsion-plating take place either in a nickel bath (first case) or in a chromium bath (second case).
  • a very short nickel coating is applied after the normal bright nickel in an emulsion bright nickel bath of let us say %2,LL. This will cause a micro-porous layer on top of the bright nickel, with pores having a diameter in the order of magnitude of the colloidal particles with the result that the chromium plating taking place hereafter will have a microporous structure in the order of magnitude of 0.25
  • the improvement in the corrosion resistance found by means of the corrodkote test is in the order of magnitude of 15 to 20 times that of a normal chromium coating.
  • the strongly oxidizing property has to be taken into account, as well as the high temperature of the chromium bath.
  • oils, waxes, resins and emulsifying agents have to be applied which cannot oxidise.
  • Specially suited to this purpose appear in this case the not water soluble halogenfluoro carboxylic acid oils and waxes which cannot be oxidised even in a concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • emulsifying agents the water soluble fluoro carboxylic acids or the fluoro sulfonic acids which are oxidation resistant as Well, may be applied.
  • Example 1 An object is bright nickel plated until its plating has a thickness of 40 in the following nickel bath:
  • the average layer thickness of this layer of nickel as strewn with micropores amounts to 0.8 14.
  • the object thusbright nickeland chromium-plated is copper-plated electrolytically, so as to be able to determine the microporous structure when magnifying it at least 200 times, one will find a delicately distributed microporous structure, and when taking the corrodkote test, an improvement in the corrosion is found of 14 times in proportion to the normal bright nickel-chromium coating.
  • Example 2 An object is 'bright nickel-plated in a normal bright nickel bath until the layer has reached a thickness of 40 Hereafter the object is chromium-plated in the following bath:
  • the chromium-plating is done by blowing in with air for 2 min. with a density of current of A./dm. and at a temperature of 40 C. The object will emerge from the chromium bath highly bright.
  • the structure After copper-plating it so as to be able to appreciate the micro-porous structure, the structure, on magnifying it 500 times, appears to be finely divided and open.
  • the corrodkote-test will show an improvement of 18 with respect to the normal chromium-nickel coating.
  • a method of producing a micro-porous chromium plating on an object comprising the steps of electroplating a layer of nickel on said object from a nickel electroplating bath and electroplating a layer of chromium on said nickel layer from a chromium plating bath, one of said plating baths being an emulsion whereby the chromium layer which is produced is micro-porous, the emulsified liquid particles of said emulsion being oxidation resistant under the electroplating conditions.
  • a method according to claim 2 wherein the emulsified liquid particles in said emulsion are selected from the class consisting of oils, resins and waxes.
  • both of said nickel plating baths are bright nickel plating baths.
  • emulsified liquid particles in said emulsion are selected from the class consisting of oxidation-resistant oils, resins and waxes.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
US240445A 1961-11-27 1962-11-27 Method of electrodepositing a corrosion resistant nickel-chromium coating and products thereof Expired - Lifetime US3282810A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL271860 1961-11-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3282810A true US3282810A (en) 1966-11-01

Family

ID=19753439

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US240445A Expired - Lifetime US3282810A (en) 1961-11-27 1962-11-27 Method of electrodepositing a corrosion resistant nickel-chromium coating and products thereof

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3282810A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1242969B (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1345235A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1020285A (en, 2012)
NL (2) NL121791C (en, 2012)
SE (1) SE213547C1 (en, 2012)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3388049A (en) * 1964-10-12 1968-06-11 Renault Method of electrodepositing microcrack chromium coatings
US4865700A (en) * 1987-02-13 1989-09-12 M&T Chemicals Inc. Plating bath and process for making microporous chromium deposits
WO2014145588A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Modumetal, Inc. Nickel chromium nanolaminate coating having high hardness
US10253419B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2019-04-09 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited, nanolaminate coatings and claddings for corrosion protection
US10513791B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-24 Modumental, Inc. Nanolaminate coatings
US10781524B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2020-09-22 Modumetal, Inc. Methods of preparing articles by electrodeposition and additive manufacturing processes
US10808322B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-10-20 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited compositions and nanolaminated alloys for articles prepared by additive manufacturing processes
US10961635B2 (en) 2005-08-12 2021-03-30 Modumetal, Inc. Compositionally modulated composite materials and methods for making the same
US11180864B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-11-23 Modumetal, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings
US11286575B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2022-03-29 Modumetal, Inc. Tubular articles with electrodeposited coatings, and systems and methods for producing the same
US11293272B2 (en) 2017-03-24 2022-04-05 Modumetal, Inc. Lift plungers with electrodeposited coatings, and systems and methods for producing the same
US11365488B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2022-06-21 Modumetal, Inc. Processes for providing laminated coatings on workpieces, and articles made therefrom
US11519093B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2022-12-06 Modumetal, Inc. Apparatuses, systems, and methods for producing a plurality of articles with nanolaminated coatings using rotation
US11692281B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2023-07-04 Modumetal, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings
US12077876B2 (en) 2016-09-14 2024-09-03 Modumetal, Inc. System for reliable, high throughput, complex electric field generation, and method for producing coatings therefrom
US12076965B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2024-09-03 Modumetal, Inc. Topology optimized high interface packing structures
US12227869B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2025-02-18 Modumetal, Inc. Application of laminate and nanolaminate materials to tooling and molding processes

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992171A (en) * 1957-06-27 1961-07-11 Gen Dev Corp Method and composition for chromium plating
US3057048A (en) * 1958-11-06 1962-10-09 Horizons Inc Protection of niobium
US3152971A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-10-13 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of fine-grained lustrous nickel

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2750334A (en) * 1953-01-29 1956-06-12 Udylite Res Corp Electrodeposition of chromium
US2750335A (en) * 1953-07-17 1956-06-12 Udylite Res Corp Chromium electrodeposition

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992171A (en) * 1957-06-27 1961-07-11 Gen Dev Corp Method and composition for chromium plating
US3057048A (en) * 1958-11-06 1962-10-09 Horizons Inc Protection of niobium
US3152971A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-10-13 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of fine-grained lustrous nickel
US3152973A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-10-13 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of lustrous nickel
US3152972A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-10-13 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of lustrous satin nickel

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3388049A (en) * 1964-10-12 1968-06-11 Renault Method of electrodepositing microcrack chromium coatings
US4865700A (en) * 1987-02-13 1989-09-12 M&T Chemicals Inc. Plating bath and process for making microporous chromium deposits
US10961635B2 (en) 2005-08-12 2021-03-30 Modumetal, Inc. Compositionally modulated composite materials and methods for making the same
US10544510B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2020-01-28 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited, nanolaminate coatings and claddings for corrosion protection
US11242613B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2022-02-08 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited, nanolaminate coatings and claddings for corrosion protection
US10253419B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2019-04-09 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited, nanolaminate coatings and claddings for corrosion protection
US10808322B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-10-20 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited compositions and nanolaminated alloys for articles prepared by additive manufacturing processes
US10513791B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-24 Modumental, Inc. Nanolaminate coatings
US11851781B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2023-12-26 Modumetal, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings
CN108486622B (zh) * 2013-03-15 2020-10-30 莫杜美拓有限公司 具有高硬度的镍铬纳米层压涂层
US10844504B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-11-24 Modumetal, Inc. Nickel-chromium nanolaminate coating having high hardness
CN108486622A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2018-09-04 莫杜美拓有限公司 具有高硬度的镍铬纳米层压涂层
US11118280B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-09-14 Modumetal, Inc. Nanolaminate coatings
US11168408B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-11-09 Modumetal, Inc. Nickel-chromium nanolaminate coating having high hardness
US11180864B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-11-23 Modumetal, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings
WO2014145588A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Modumetal, Inc. Nickel chromium nanolaminate coating having high hardness
US12084773B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2024-09-10 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited compositions and nanolaminated alloys for articles prepared by additive manufacturing processes
US10781524B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2020-09-22 Modumetal, Inc. Methods of preparing articles by electrodeposition and additive manufacturing processes
US11560629B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2023-01-24 Modumetal, Inc. Methods of preparing articles by electrodeposition and additive manufacturing processes
US11692281B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2023-07-04 Modumetal, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings
US11365488B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2022-06-21 Modumetal, Inc. Processes for providing laminated coatings on workpieces, and articles made therefrom
US12227869B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2025-02-18 Modumetal, Inc. Application of laminate and nanolaminate materials to tooling and molding processes
US12077876B2 (en) 2016-09-14 2024-09-03 Modumetal, Inc. System for reliable, high throughput, complex electric field generation, and method for producing coatings therefrom
US12076965B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2024-09-03 Modumetal, Inc. Topology optimized high interface packing structures
US11293272B2 (en) 2017-03-24 2022-04-05 Modumetal, Inc. Lift plungers with electrodeposited coatings, and systems and methods for producing the same
US11286575B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2022-03-29 Modumetal, Inc. Tubular articles with electrodeposited coatings, and systems and methods for producing the same
US12344956B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2025-07-01 Modumetal, Inc. Tubular articles with electrodeposited coatings, and systems and methods for producing the same
US11519093B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2022-12-06 Modumetal, Inc. Apparatuses, systems, and methods for producing a plurality of articles with nanolaminated coatings using rotation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL271860A (en, 2012)
DE1242969B (de) 1967-06-22
NL121791C (en, 2012)
SE213547C1 (en, 2012) 1967-06-06
GB1020285A (en) 1966-02-16
FR1345235A (fr) 1963-12-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3282810A (en) Method of electrodepositing a corrosion resistant nickel-chromium coating and products thereof
US3268307A (en) Process of electrodepositing a corrosion resistant nickel-chromium coating and products thereof
US3994694A (en) Composite nickel-iron electroplated article
US3866289A (en) Micro-porous chromium on nickel-cobalt duplex composite plates
US2686756A (en) Chromium plating
US3247082A (en) Electrodeposition of a corrosion resistant coating
US3388049A (en) Method of electrodepositing microcrack chromium coatings
US1971761A (en) Protection of metals
US3692641A (en) Electrodeposition of low stress ruthenium alloy
US4411965A (en) Process for high speed nickel and gold electroplate system and article having improved corrosion resistance
US3691027A (en) Method of producing corrosion resistant chromium plated articles
US3970527A (en) Electroformation of the running track of a rotary internal combustion engine
US3615281A (en) Corrosion-resistant chromium-plated articles
US4189358A (en) Electrodeposition of ruthenium-iridium alloy
JP2009074147A (ja) マイクロポーラスめっきに関わる不具合防止方法
US902755A (en) Electrolyte for electroplating.
KR910002570B1 (ko) 고성능 전착 크롬층
Wesley et al. The Weathering of Nickel/Chromium Electrodeposits
US3244603A (en) Electrodeposition of a nickel-manganese alloy
US3630856A (en) Electrodeposition of ruthenium
US3679381A (en) Novel composite
DE957615C (de) Mehrstufige galvanische Glanzvernickelung
US3428441A (en) Article coated with a composite particulate,microporous chromium coating and method of producing said article
JPS59208097A (ja) 透明塗膜の製造方法
CN111334829A (zh) 一种纯度高的铜盘镀镍方法