US3249251A - Thermally insulated and counterweighted roof - Google Patents

Thermally insulated and counterweighted roof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3249251A
US3249251A US333382A US33338263A US3249251A US 3249251 A US3249251 A US 3249251A US 333382 A US333382 A US 333382A US 33338263 A US33338263 A US 33338263A US 3249251 A US3249251 A US 3249251A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
roof
superstructure
ground
reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US333382A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nachshen Maurice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conch International Methane Ltd
Original Assignee
Conch International Methane Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB69263A external-priority patent/GB954751A/en
Priority claimed from US283019A external-priority patent/US3241274A/en
Application filed by Conch International Methane Ltd filed Critical Conch International Methane Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3249251A publication Critical patent/US3249251A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/005—Underground or underwater containers or vessels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/02—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor
    • E04H7/04—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal
    • E04H7/06—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal with vertical axis
    • E04H7/065—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal with vertical axis roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17B—GAS-HOLDERS OF VARIABLE CAPACITY
    • F17B1/00—Gas-holders of variable capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0678—Concrete

Definitions

  • Ground reservoirs are particularly suitable for storing a liquefied gas, that is a liquid which boils at atmospheric pressure at a temperature below the ambient temperature.
  • liquefied gases are liquefied nitrogen,
  • a roof according to this invention which comprises a flat or cambered sheet lined on at .least one surface with thermal insulation, a superstructure to which the sheet is attached, and a counterweight acting on said sheet.
  • a ground reservoir suitable for storing a liquefied gas is one in which there is a hole in the surface of the ground, which hole is impervious to the substance to be stored, a gas vent, conduit and pumping means for filling and emptying the reservoir, and a roof comprising a flat or cambered sheet lined on at least one of the surfaces with thermal insulation, a superstructure to which the sheet is attached, and a counterweight acting on said sheet.
  • a preferred hole in the surface of the ground is one wherein the ground formation surrounding the hole contains a liquid which will solidify when the reservoir is charged with the substance to be stored.
  • An example of such a structure is shown in the US. application of Proctor et al., Serial No. 283,019, filed May 24, 1963.
  • the sheet which is attached to the superstructure is' preferably of thin metal e.g. a metal membrane.
  • a metal membrane e.g. a metal membrane.
  • the most suitable metals are those which do not become embrittled at low temperatures e.g. high nickel steels, stainless steels, copper, aluminium or aluminium alloys.
  • the metal membrane is stiffened by small ribs in two Instead of a metal sheet, sheets of other materials e.g. plywood, could be used.
  • the sheet is preferably substantially flat, but may if desired be cambered.
  • the sheet should preferably be lined with insulation on the underside, although insulation may be used on the top side if desired.
  • the thermal insulation may be of fibre glass, foamed plastic (e.g. polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam), balsa Wood, paper honeycomb, kapok, mineral wool or rock wool. It is necessary to support the thermal insulation lining which is on the underside of sheet.
  • a very suitable insulation support is a wire mesh or expanded metal grid, but other suitable insulation supports include rigid sheets of plywood, wall board, fibre board, woodwool or similar materials preferably suspended from the 3,249,251 Ice Patented May 3, 1966 roof sheet at the points where the latter is supported from the superstructure.
  • the superstructure may comprise steel ribs. Such ribs may be spaced at intervals across the roof and should preferably intersect each other (e.g. at right angles), to form a grid. In the case of a circular roof they may all meet one another at the centre thereby acting as radial ribs.
  • the ribs are preferably curved, so that together they form a dome shaped superstructure.
  • suitable forms of superstructure are girders or trusses of any suitable material (e.g. metal or wood) and arranged in spaced parallel rows, or intersecting each other, or arranged radially.
  • suitable material e.g. metal or wood
  • the sheet is preferably attached by means of hangers flexible in the horizontal direction (to allow for thermal contraction) and fixed to the superstructure and the sheet. These hangers should preferably be regularly spaced so as to give an evenly spaced support to the sheet. When the superstructure is in the form of a grid, these hangers may be fixed to the superstructure at the intersections of the grid members. The attachment of the hangers to the sheet should preferably be at the stifieners.
  • the means by which the sheet is attached to the superstructure should have a cold break 'to prevent heat being conducted from the superstructure to the sheet.
  • a suitable cold break is thermal insulation breaking the direct connection between the sheet and superstructure.
  • hangers each one is preferably provided with a block of thermal insulation situated between the two ends of the hanger.
  • Another way in which a cold break is provided is for each other hanger to comprise two linked elements, each element being lined with thermal insulation.
  • the counterweight should preferably be arranged so as to give a regularly distributed downward thrust to the sheet.
  • the counterweight can be of blocks of material sufficient in weight to offset any upwards thrust on the sheet and insulation e.g. due to boil-oil of a liquefied gas.
  • Preferably the magnitude of the counterweight is not much more than is necessary, otherwise there is unnecessary strain on the component parts of the roof.
  • Suitable counterweights are weight controlled blocks of metal or wood, or concrete (either dense of light weight), sand or gravel.
  • the counterweight material may also serve as additional insulation.
  • vapour barrier placed above the counterweightmaterial and arranged in sealing relationship with any hangers of sheet supports.
  • Suitable vapour barriers are plastic sheets e.g. polyethylene sheets, although bitumen fabric sheets could be used.
  • the roof may be fitted with liquid inlet, liquid and vapour outlets, and safety outlet valves if desired.
  • the roof may be provided with a gas seal.
  • a suitable gas seal is described in the specification of co-pending U.S. application Serial No. 154,520 of Schlum-berger et al., filed November 24, 1961.
  • FIGURE 1 a cross-sectional elevation of the roof covering a ground reservoir is shown.
  • FIGURE'Z a plan view of the roof of FIGURE 1 on a reduced scale is shown.
  • FIGURE 3 a perspective view of the roof of FIG- URE 1 with part cut away is shown.
  • FIGURE 4 a roof with a different form of super-- structure is shown.
  • FIGURE 5 a cross-sectional elevation of another form of roof covering a ground reservoir is shown.
  • FIG. 6 a plan view of the roof of FIGURE 5 on a reduced scale is shown.
  • FIGURE 7 is a cross-sectional elevation of a detail showing one form of hanger and cold-break.
  • an aluminium membrane 1 is supported by steel hangers 5 attached to the intersections of curved steel ribs 6 and curved steel ribs 7."
  • Gas vent 23 and conduit 24 are indicated schematically and may be of any conventional design.
  • the superstructure comprises trusses 14 which is supported on reinforced concrete or steel columns 19;.
  • a cambered aluminium decking 16 lined with supported insulation 17 and loaded with counterweight 18 is suspended from the superstruc-
  • a gas seal 20 seals the end of the sheet 16.
  • the trusses may intersect one another to form a grid structure similar to that shown in FIG- URE 2, or may meet one another at a point thereby acting as radial trusses to form a structure similar to that shown in FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURE 7 shows one manner in which the hangers 5 may support theroof structure.
  • the cold-break 12 may be ,of any construction which provides a heat-insulating element in hangers 5 so as to impede the flow of heat.
  • a block of thermal insulation 12a which maybe cork, ceramic or any other suitable heat. insulatingmaterial, is interposed between sections 5 and 5' of the hanger so that the insulating material 12a is subject to compressive force only.
  • Section 5 of the hanger may be of mild steel but section 5' should be .of cold resisting material such as stainless steel.
  • the impervious roof sheet 1 is preferably provided with a plurality of 4 ribs 1a, extending in the direction shown, and at right angles to that direction.
  • Hangers 5' support the roof sheet 1 in any suitable manner, e.g. as shown in FIGURE 7 by means of a nut 5a under a washer 5b at intersections of the ribs 1a and lb.
  • the ribs,-nut and washer should be of cold resisting material.
  • the grid 3 may suitably be made of aluminium wire mesh or expanded aluminium sheet or other cold resisting material capable of supporting the insulation 2.
  • the grid 3 may suitably be supported by ribs 3;: hung by means of hangers 3b 'of bent rod from the ribs 111 and 1b.
  • weighting material 4 which may be sand, gravel, concrete, etc., and is shown in the form of concrete blocks or bars, which should be more or less uniformly distributed over the sheet 1.
  • a vapor barrier 4a is placed above theweighting material 4 to insulate the roof sheet 1 from atmospheric moisture.
  • a ground reservoir for storing liquid at temperatures considerably below the freezing point. of water, said reservoir comprising a hole formed in the surface of the ground, a roof covering the top of said hole, said roof comprising an impervious thin lightweight membrane sheet, a mechanically rigid open framework superstructure, a plurality of hanger means under tension for supporting said sheet at .a plurality of points from said superstructure, and counterweightmeans distributed over and supported above said sheet and below said superstructure for [resisting upward gas pressure acting on the lower surface of said sheet;
  • hanger means being flexible in the horizontal direction to permit thermal contraction and-expansion of said sheet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US333382A 1963-01-07 1963-12-26 Thermally insulated and counterweighted roof Expired - Lifetime US3249251A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB69263A GB954751A (en) 1963-01-07 1963-01-07 A new and improved thermally insulated roof suitable for ground reservoirs for liquefied gases
US283019A US3241274A (en) 1963-05-24 1963-05-24 Roof structure for ground reservoir

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3249251A true US3249251A (en) 1966-05-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US333382A Expired - Lifetime US3249251A (en) 1963-01-07 1963-12-26 Thermally insulated and counterweighted roof

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3249251A (da)
DE (1) DE1434598A1 (da)
DK (1) DK118468B (da)
GB (1) GB988299A (da)
NL (1) NL300155A (da)
NO (1) NO115803B (da)
OA (1) OA00106A (da)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3326011A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-06-20 Cryogenic Entpr Ltd Cryogenic storage facility
US3330118A (en) * 1964-01-22 1967-07-11 Service Nat Dit Gaz De France Sunken tank with floating cover for liquid gas storage
US3352443A (en) * 1965-12-15 1967-11-14 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Internal suspended insulating ceiling for storage tanks
US3406859A (en) * 1966-02-24 1968-10-22 Conch Int Methane Ltd Counterweighted roof for in-ground reservoirs for liquefied gases
US3612332A (en) * 1969-10-10 1971-10-12 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Insulated storage tank of increased capacity with suspended insulated ceiling
US3648880A (en) * 1969-10-31 1972-03-14 Conch Int Methane Ltd Storage arrangement for liquefied gas
US3651648A (en) * 1968-01-26 1972-03-28 William Hamilton Container sealing roof structure
US3707850A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-01-02 Syst Capitol Corp Cryogenic storage tank improvements
US9878930B1 (en) 2014-10-07 2018-01-30 Westech Engineering, Inc. Systems and methods for installing digester ballast

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009020303A1 (de) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-11 Samak, Nabil Antrieb aus AAK mit Luft & CO2-Komp.-filter mit Flüssiggas-Umfüllsystem
WO2014079401A1 (de) * 2012-11-26 2014-05-30 S+B Service Und Betrieb Gmbh Vorrichtung zur gasdichten abdeckung von lagerbehältern ohne innenstütze
CN110332454B (zh) * 2019-07-03 2022-03-01 昆明理工大学 一种自动处理泄漏的双罩半地下式湿式气柜及自动处理泄漏的方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US819665A (en) * 1904-05-17 1906-05-01 Leon P Lowe Gas-holder.
US1360170A (en) * 1918-08-12 1920-11-23 John J Allinson Storage-reservoir
US1866517A (en) * 1926-11-13 1932-07-05 Fluga Ag Transportation or pressure vessel for gases
US2785099A (en) * 1950-09-05 1957-03-12 Badham Insulation Company Fire resisting insulating material and building construction embodying the same
US2882137A (en) * 1956-06-27 1959-04-14 John H Wiggins Piston for gas storage tank
US3092933A (en) * 1961-07-07 1963-06-11 Preload Corp Storage structure
US3175370A (en) * 1961-02-07 1965-03-30 Conch Int Methane Ltd Roofs for reservoirs

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US819665A (en) * 1904-05-17 1906-05-01 Leon P Lowe Gas-holder.
US1360170A (en) * 1918-08-12 1920-11-23 John J Allinson Storage-reservoir
US1866517A (en) * 1926-11-13 1932-07-05 Fluga Ag Transportation or pressure vessel for gases
US2785099A (en) * 1950-09-05 1957-03-12 Badham Insulation Company Fire resisting insulating material and building construction embodying the same
US2882137A (en) * 1956-06-27 1959-04-14 John H Wiggins Piston for gas storage tank
US3175370A (en) * 1961-02-07 1965-03-30 Conch Int Methane Ltd Roofs for reservoirs
US3092933A (en) * 1961-07-07 1963-06-11 Preload Corp Storage structure

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3330118A (en) * 1964-01-22 1967-07-11 Service Nat Dit Gaz De France Sunken tank with floating cover for liquid gas storage
US3326011A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-06-20 Cryogenic Entpr Ltd Cryogenic storage facility
US3352443A (en) * 1965-12-15 1967-11-14 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Internal suspended insulating ceiling for storage tanks
US3406859A (en) * 1966-02-24 1968-10-22 Conch Int Methane Ltd Counterweighted roof for in-ground reservoirs for liquefied gases
US3651648A (en) * 1968-01-26 1972-03-28 William Hamilton Container sealing roof structure
US3612332A (en) * 1969-10-10 1971-10-12 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Insulated storage tank of increased capacity with suspended insulated ceiling
US3648880A (en) * 1969-10-31 1972-03-14 Conch Int Methane Ltd Storage arrangement for liquefied gas
US3707850A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-01-02 Syst Capitol Corp Cryogenic storage tank improvements
US9878930B1 (en) 2014-10-07 2018-01-30 Westech Engineering, Inc. Systems and methods for installing digester ballast

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL300155A (da)
GB988299A (en) 1965-04-07
NO115803B (da) 1968-12-09
DE1434598A1 (de) 1969-03-13
DK118468B (da) 1970-08-24
OA00106A (fr) 1966-01-15

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