US3242865A - Projectile - Google Patents

Projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
US3242865A
US3242865A US352858A US35285864A US3242865A US 3242865 A US3242865 A US 3242865A US 352858 A US352858 A US 352858A US 35285864 A US35285864 A US 35285864A US 3242865 A US3242865 A US 3242865A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shell
projectile
wall
bursting
cap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US352858A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jungermann Werner
Niemann Rudolf
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KUKA AG
Original Assignee
Industrie Werke Karlsruhe Ausburg AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Industrie Werke Karlsruhe Ausburg AG filed Critical Industrie Werke Karlsruhe Ausburg AG
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Publication of US3242865A publication Critical patent/US3242865A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles
    • F42B8/14—Projectiles or missiles disintegrating in flight or upon impact
    • F42B8/16—Projectiles or missiles disintegrating in flight or upon impact containing an inert filler in powder or granular form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bursting-type projectiles which are adapted to be fired from an artillery piece and which upon bursting are adapted to release granular material from the interior of the projectile.
  • Projectiles of this type can be filled with any desired type of material having any desired composition and composed of granular particles of the desired degree of fineness or coarseness, and of course the projectile can be either partly filled or fully filled.
  • projectiles of this type are adapted to be used for practice purposes. Certain parts are subjected to sudden forceful stresses, resulting, for example, from impacts which are encountered during the engagement of the projectile with the feeding mechanism of the artillery piece. On the other hand, the projectile is also subjected to large steady forces which do not operate by impact such as the force of gas pressure which acts on the rear of the shell of the projectile to drive it along and out of the barrel of the artillery piece. After discharging from the barrel the projectile bursts.
  • the shells of the projectiles of this type have already been made of thermoplastic materials.
  • thermoplastic materials thermoplastic materials.
  • shells of this type have been proposed to manufacture shells of this type by placing them for a short time under pressure in a suitably heated mold so as to harden the exterior surface of the shell, but of course the part of the shell immediately beneath its exterior surface remains unhardened.
  • shells which are made up of several easily broken parts made of plastic or the like, but these structures have the disadvantage of failing to burst upon leaving the artillery piece but instead bursting only when encountering an obstruction.
  • certain parts of the shell which are subjected to impact forces are made of a material which is highly suited to resist such forces while other parts which are subjected to relatively large but steady forces of a nonimpact nature are construction so as to readily withstand forces of this latter type.
  • a shell which forms part of the projectile and which in accordance with the present invention is made up of at least two different plastic materials which have different mechanical properties.
  • one of the plastic materials which goes into the shell is of a high tensile strength and ductility while the other of the plastic materials is made of a tough plastic which has a high resistance to impact and bending.
  • the part of the shell which houses the granular material and which .is adapted to burst upon firing of the shell is made of the material which has a high tensile strength and ductility
  • the rear part of the shell which is subjected to the forces encountered by the feeding mechanism of the weapon and the gas pressure which drives the projectile out of the artillery piece is made of the tough plastic material which has a high resistance to impact and bending.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of one embodiment of a shell according to the present invention, the shell being shown in FIG. 1 associated with a fragmentarily illustrated cartridge case;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of another embodiment of a shell according to the invention also shown connected to a fragmentarily illustrated cartridge case;
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a shell which is identical with that of FIG. 2 except that it has a different type of seam between components of the shell;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of yet another embodiment of a shell according to the invention also shown in FIG. 4 joined with a fragmentarily illustrated cartridge case;
  • FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. 4 in the direction of the arrows.
  • FIG. 1 There is fragmentarily illustrated in FIG. 1 a cartridge case 1 which has at its front end a neck which is shown in section in FIG. 1, and the projectile includes in addi tion to the cartridge case 1 the shell 2 the rear end of which extends into the neck of the cartridge case 1 and is joined thereto.
  • the shell 2 has a front portion 3 which is of a substantially pointed configuration, although it has a front blunt end, and an intermediate portion 4 of the shell is of cylindrical configuration and is joined to and extends rearwardly from the front portion 3.
  • the intermediate portion 4 of the shell is inwardly offset at the annular portion of the shell which is joined to an elongated inner rear wall 6 of the shell which has a cylindrical portion extending rearwardly from the annular portion 5 and which terminates at its rear end in a wall which extends transversely across the axis of the shell, as is apparent from FIG. 1.
  • the inner rear wall portion 6 of the shell has a cylindrical portion extending forwardly from its rear end and then flaring outward-1y at the annular offset portion 5 where it is joined with the intermediate portion 4 of the shell.
  • a rear elongated hollow cap 7 surrounds the inner Wall 6 and receives the latter in its interior, and this cap 7 of the shell has a transverse end wall located at the rear end of the shell and a cylindrical wall extending forwardly from the transverse end wall and terminating at the offset annular portion 5 of the shell.
  • the front and intermediate portions 3 and 4 of the shell 2 are made of a plastic material which has a high tensile strength and ductility. While polyethylene is preferred for this plastic material, it is also possible to use instead of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the front portion 3 and the intermediate portion 4 of the shell 2 are joined to each other along an annular seam 9 which in the illustrated example can be located substantially in a plane which is normal to the axis of the shell, and this seam 9 is preferably provided by friction welding between the parts 3 and 4.
  • the cap 7 at the rear of the shell has a rear end wall which is thicker than the remainder of the wall thickness of the shell, as is apparent from FIG. 1, and this cap 7 is made of a second plastic material the mechanical characteristics of which are, in accordance with the present invention, different from the mechanical characteristics of the above-mentioned plastic material used for the front and intermediate portions 3 and 4 of the shell 2.
  • This rear cap 7 is preferably made of a thermoplastic material which is tough and has a high resistance to impact and bending, and polystyrene is preferred for this material, although it may be selected from a group which consists not only of polystyrene but also of poly methylmethacrylate, phenol formaldehyde resin, or urea formaldehyde resin.
  • the inner wall 6 and the rear cap 7 are fixedly joined to each other by a suitable glue.
  • the wall thickness of the shell is greater than the depth of the rifiing grooves in the barrel of the weapon.
  • the cylindrical wall of the cap 7 extends forwardly beyond the neck of the cartridge case 1, and forwardly of the neck of the cartridge case the cylindrical wall of the cap 7 has a thickened portion 8 which serves as a guide ring for the shell. Just behind the guide ring 8 the cylindrical wall of the cap 7 has a smaller diameter than the guide ring 8, so that in this Way the rear end portion of the shell can conveniently be introduced into the neck of the cartridge case.
  • This cap 7 is fixed with the cartridge case neck as by being glued thereto.
  • the front and intermediate portions of the shell are combined into a single shell member 16 which extends all the way back to a location inwardly of the front end of the neck of the cartridge case 1, and at its portion which extends into the cartridge case the Wall of the shell has a lesser thickness and diameter than its thickness and diameter just forwardly of the neck of the cartridge case, as is apparent from FIG. 2.
  • the wall of the portion 10 of the shell is thickened for a portion of the length of the shell which is sufiicient to enable this thicker wall portion 12 to act as a guide ring for the shell.
  • rear cap 13 is fixed at its front end to the rear end of the shell member 10, this rear cap 13 having a thickened rear wall, as is apparent from FIG. 2, and the members 10 and 13 are connected together at the seam 14.
  • the joint between the parts 10 and 13, at the seam 14, may be made by friction welding.
  • an inner wall 15 which engages the inner surface of the cap 13 and which has a lesser wall thickness than the cap 13, and it will be noted that the inner wall 15 extends across and beyond the seam 14.
  • this embodiment also the front and intermediate unitary part 10 of the shell is made of a plastic material of high tensile strength and ductility, such as polyethylene, and the inner wall 15 is also made of such a material, while the cap 13 is in this case also made of a tough plastic which is highly resistant to impact and bending, such as polystyrene.
  • the rear end portion 11 of the shell part It) is joined at its interior with the inner wall 15 as by friction welding, and the cap 13 is joined by a suitable glue with the neck of the cartridge case, this cap 13 also being joined by a suitable glue or the like with the inner wall 15 as well as with the shell portion 10 at the seam 14, in this case the glued connection at the seam 14 being used instead of a friction welding connection.
  • Tests have shown that any additional connection between the rear part 11 and the neck of the cartridge case is not absolutely essential.
  • the shell wall is made of a plastic material.
  • a shell which is provided with an outer wall 16 made of a plastic material of high tensile strength and ductility and surrounding an inner wall 17 which is made of a tough plastic material which is highly resistant to impact and bending.
  • the cap 13 of the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5 corresponds to the caps 7 and 13 referred to above and it will be noted that this cap 13 of FIGS. 4 and 5 will also include in its interior an inner wall 15 which in this case also extends across the seam 14 provided in this case between the inner wall 17 of the shell and the cap 13.
  • the inner wall 15 extends forwardly beyond the seam 14 while the outer wall 16 is joined at its rear end to the cap 13, extends into the depth of the cartridge case 1 to which it is glued, and has just in front of the neck of the cartridge case a thickened portion which serves as a guide ring.
  • the shells of the invention can be filled with a mass of particles which separate easily from each other upon bursting of the shell, and these particles may be arranged loosely within the shell or they may be pressed into the interior of the shell. It has been found to be of advantage to locate particles such as the particles 18 (FIG. 2) which are of a relatively small specific weight, at the front of the shell, approximately at the front third thereof, while at the rest of the inner space of the shell, and in particular the intermediate ortion thereof, there is a filling material 19 composed of particles which have a heavier specific weight than the particles of the mass 18.
  • the projectile of the invention is particularly suited for practice purposes.
  • the gases which develop cannot have access to the interior of the shell so that it is not possible to have premature bursting of the shell of the invention.
  • the rear end of the shell can withstand the very high powder pressure while the walls of the front and intermediate portions of the shell will only burst after the shell has left the weapon.
  • tests have shown that it is of advantage to locate in the front portion of the shell a.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising an elongated hollow shell having a forward portion and a rearward portion and being made up of at least two plastic materials of different mechanical properties, one ofsaid materials having a high tensile strength and ductility and the other of said materials being a tough plastic of high resistance to impact and bending, said forward portion being made up at least partly of the mate rial having high tensile strength and ductility, and said rearward portion being made up at least partly of said plastic of high resistance to impact and bending so as to better withstand impact forces encountered upon firing of said projectile.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising a multipartite elongated hollow shell which includes a front portion, an intermediate portion, and a rear inner wall portion having an end wall, all made of a plastic material of high tensile strength and ductility, and a rear cap in which said rear inner wall portion is located, said rear cap having a rear wall abutting said end wall in face-to-face relationship, and said rear cap being made of a tough plastic material having a high resistance to impact and bending.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising a multipartite elongated hollow shell of said materials being a tough plastic which is highly,
  • said shell having a rear cap made from said other material of high resistance to impact and bending, said rear cap being provided with an integral rear wall at the rear end of the shell, and said rear wall having a wall thickness which is substantially greater than the wall thickness of the remainder of the shell.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from an artillery piece which has in the interior of its barrel a rifling provided with grooves of predetermined depth, said projectile upon bursting releasing granular material from the interior of said projectile, and said projectile comprising a multipartite elongated hollow shell made up of at least two different plastic materials of different mechanical properties, one of said materials having a high tensile strength and ductility and the other of said materials being a tough plastic which is highly resistant to impact and bending, at least a rear portion of said shell being made from said other material highly resistant to impact and bending, and said shell having a wall thickness which is greater than the depth of said grooves.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from' an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising a multipartite elongated hollow shell made up of at least two different plastic materials of different mechanical properties, one of said materials having a high tensile strength and ductility and the other of said materials being a tough plastic which is highly resistant to impact and bending, and said shell including a rear cap made from said other material of high resistance to impact and bending, said rear cap being provided with an integral rear wall located at the rear end of the shell and a cylindrical wall extending forwardly from said rear wall.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising an elongated hollow shell made up of at least two different plastic materials of different mechanical properties, one of said materials having a high tensile strength and ductility and the other of said materials being a tough plastic which has a high resistance to impact and bending, said shell having front, intermediate, and rear portions, at least the rear portion of said shell being made from said other material of high resistance to impact and bending, and a cartridge case having a neck into which said rear portion of said shell extends and to which said rear portion is fixed, said intermediate portion of said shell having just in front of said neck of said cartridge case a wall thickness which is greater than the wall thickness of the remainder of the intermediate portion of said shell and which serves as a guide ring for the shell.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising an elongated hollow shell made up of at least two different plastic materials of different mechanical properties, one of said materials having a high tensile strength and ductility and the other of said materials being a tough plastic which has a high resistance to impact and bending, said shell including a rear cap having a rear Wall and a cylindrical Wall extending forwardly from said rear wall and said shell including an inner rear wall portion which extends along the inner surface of said cap, which is cylindrical at its portion which is surrounded by the cylindrical wall of said cap and which at the front end of said cylindrical wall of said cap is directed outwardly to join the remainder of said shell which extends forwardly from said cap.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising an elongated hollow shell made up of at least two ditferent plastic materials of different mechanical properties, one of said materials having a high tensile strength and ductility and the other of said materials being a tough plastic which has a high resistance to impact and bending, and said shell including an elongated intermediate portion having a rear edge and a rear cap made from said other material of high resistance to impact and bending, and said rear cap having a rear wall at the rear end of the shell and a cylindrical wall extending forwardly from said rear wall and having a front edge which abuts against the rear edge of said intermediate portion of said shell.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising an elongated hollow shell made up of at least two different plastic materials of different mechanical properties, one of said materials having a high tensile strength and ductility and the other of said materials being a tough plastic which is highly resistant to impact and bending, said shell including elongated front and intermediate portions, said intermediate portion terminating in a rear edge, and a rear cap having a rear wall at the rear end of the shell and a cylindrical wall extending forwardly from said rear wall and having a front edge abutting said rear edge and joined thereto to form a seam therewith, said shell having an inner rear wall located within said rear cap and extending forwardly over and beyond said seam.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from. an artillery piece and upon bursting to release granular! material from the interior of the projectile, said projectile comprising an elongated hollow shell made up of at least two plastic materials of difierent mechanicalproperties, one of said materials being polyethylene having a high tensile strength and ductility, and the other of said materials being polystyrene having high resistance to impact and bending.
  • a bursting-type projectile adapted to be fired from.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US352858A 1963-03-27 1964-03-18 Projectile Expired - Lifetime US3242865A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEJ23435A DE1203645B (de) 1963-03-27 1963-03-27 Manoeverpatronen-Zerfallgeschoss

Publications (1)

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US3242865A true US3242865A (en) 1966-03-29

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US352858A Expired - Lifetime US3242865A (en) 1963-03-27 1964-03-18 Projectile

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US (1) US3242865A (de)
BE (1) BE641504A (de)
CH (1) CH412639A (de)
DE (1) DE1203645B (de)
GB (1) GB1034890A (de)
NL (1) NL302814A (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3385215A (en) * 1966-05-17 1968-05-28 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Disintegrating training ammunition for firearms
US3435769A (en) * 1966-01-07 1969-04-01 Rheinmetall Gmbh Disintegrating bullet for practice cartridges for small-arms or automatic weapons
US3439619A (en) * 1966-07-16 1969-04-22 Diehl Practice ammunition
US3517619A (en) * 1967-02-08 1970-06-30 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Practice ammunition,particularly target image ammunition
US3785293A (en) * 1970-12-31 1974-01-15 Aai Corp Practice ammunition
US3861311A (en) * 1973-07-13 1975-01-21 Us Air Force Plastic semi armor piercing incendiary projectile
US3968750A (en) * 1972-03-22 1976-07-13 Nederlandsche Wapen- En Munitiefabriek "De Kruithoorn" B.V. Projectile-case connection
US4008665A (en) * 1973-09-06 1977-02-22 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Training ammunition
EP0044643A1 (de) * 1980-07-18 1982-01-27 The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Übungsmunition
US4603637A (en) * 1984-10-31 1986-08-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Variable density frangible projectile
US5445079A (en) * 1992-11-10 1995-08-29 Giat Industries Armor-piercing fragmentation projectile
WO2000002004A3 (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-04-27 Kevin Mcclung Controlled-penetration projectile
WO2002044645A1 (en) * 2000-11-03 2002-06-06 Nammo Raufoss As Projectile containing a heavy core surrounded by a jacket

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB577930A (en) * 1939-05-15 1946-06-06 Albert Edward Macrae Improvements in or relating to ammunition for small arms
US2986091A (en) * 1959-08-31 1961-05-30 Ralph M Ferguson Disintegrating test ammunition
US3170405A (en) * 1962-03-17 1965-02-23 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Disintegrating training ammunition for firearms

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1099905B (de) * 1958-12-09 1961-02-16 Nl Wapen En Munitiefabriek N V Manoeverpatrone fuer Maschinenwaffen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB577930A (en) * 1939-05-15 1946-06-06 Albert Edward Macrae Improvements in or relating to ammunition for small arms
US2986091A (en) * 1959-08-31 1961-05-30 Ralph M Ferguson Disintegrating test ammunition
US3170405A (en) * 1962-03-17 1965-02-23 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Disintegrating training ammunition for firearms

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3435769A (en) * 1966-01-07 1969-04-01 Rheinmetall Gmbh Disintegrating bullet for practice cartridges for small-arms or automatic weapons
US3385215A (en) * 1966-05-17 1968-05-28 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Disintegrating training ammunition for firearms
US3439619A (en) * 1966-07-16 1969-04-22 Diehl Practice ammunition
US3517619A (en) * 1967-02-08 1970-06-30 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Practice ammunition,particularly target image ammunition
US3785293A (en) * 1970-12-31 1974-01-15 Aai Corp Practice ammunition
US3968750A (en) * 1972-03-22 1976-07-13 Nederlandsche Wapen- En Munitiefabriek "De Kruithoorn" B.V. Projectile-case connection
US3861311A (en) * 1973-07-13 1975-01-21 Us Air Force Plastic semi armor piercing incendiary projectile
US4008665A (en) * 1973-09-06 1977-02-22 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Training ammunition
EP0044643A1 (de) * 1980-07-18 1982-01-27 The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Übungsmunition
US4455942A (en) * 1980-07-18 1984-06-26 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Training ammunition
US4603637A (en) * 1984-10-31 1986-08-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Variable density frangible projectile
US5445079A (en) * 1992-11-10 1995-08-29 Giat Industries Armor-piercing fragmentation projectile
WO2000002004A3 (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-04-27 Kevin Mcclung Controlled-penetration projectile
WO2002044645A1 (en) * 2000-11-03 2002-06-06 Nammo Raufoss As Projectile containing a heavy core surrounded by a jacket

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE641504A (de) 1964-06-18
DE1203645B (de) 1965-10-21
NL302814A (de)
GB1034890A (en) 1966-07-06
CH412639A (de) 1966-04-30

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