US3239587A - Method for precasting a structural building element - Google Patents
Method for precasting a structural building element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3239587A US3239587A US292925A US29292563A US3239587A US 3239587 A US3239587 A US 3239587A US 292925 A US292925 A US 292925A US 29292563 A US29292563 A US 29292563A US 3239587 A US3239587 A US 3239587A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sheets
- concrete
- reinforcement
- components
- joints
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/08—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with two or more rams per mould
- B28B3/083—The juxtaposed rams working in the same direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/29—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by profiling or strickling the material in open moulds or on moulding surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/022—Means for inserting reinforcing members into the mould or for supporting them in the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/18—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for the production of elongated articles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of producing structural elements in the form of planks or beams destined for the erection of walls and load-carrying ceil- JIIgS.
- the present invention in contra-distinction to such requirements of prior art, allows to make available to the building industry prefabricated elements by the use of which the mounting of form-work and the insertion of reinforcements in situ is obviated to a large extent and which render possible the erection of smooth walls and ceilings of which the surface no longer requires any finishing work.
- a plurality of juxtaposed reinforced elements of T-shaped cross-section are produced from concrete on a working platform, the webs pointing upwardly, then casting a layer of porous heat-insulating material over a series of said elements and smoothing down such layer, a tunnelshaped space being kept free of said porous material above the joints where the flanges of said elements abut against each other and the ends of the cross-reinforcements projecting into said space, and cutting said layer in vertical planes passing through said joints.
- the installation or apparatus for carrying out said method is movable on rails arranged on both sides of the working platform to bridge the latter in its entire width, and comprises a formwork box lowerable to the ground, first metal sheets lowerable in said box along the sidewalls for depressing the reinforcement, second metal sheets lowerable in spread position to occupy the entire width of said box and pivotable towards the centre for heaping concrete to form the T-web and horizontal thirds metal sheets for pressing .the T-flanges and the T-web from above.
- the structural element comprises a T-shaped reinforced concrete portion and a layer of porous insulating material of the same width as the T-flange, said layer entirely enclosing the T-web and being recessed above the edges of the T-flange to accommodate the bent-off ends of the cross-reinforcement.
- the elements are set side-by-side horizontally for the purpose of producing a ceiling or vertically for the purpose of erecting a wall, and filling with concrete the arising tunnel-shaped spaces along the joints between the T- fianges, the end-portions of the flange cross-reinforcements projecting into said spaces.
- FIG. 1 is a sideview of a first example of .the installation of apparatus during the introduction of the concrete and reinforcement;
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-section of this installation in the same operative position as in FIG. 1, but in a larger scale;
- FIGS. 3 to 5 depict the same cross-section as in FIG. 2 in other operative positions
- FIG. 6 is a sideview of a second example of the installation, partly in section, the T-shaped structural element being entirely encased in the forms;
- FIG. 7 is a fragmentary view of the form-wall of said installation, seen from inside.
- FIG. 8 depicts a few finished or completed structural elements.
- T- elements 7 of standard concrete of high compressive strength, side-by-side as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6. Such elements suitably are set over the entire length of the platform.
- T-web comprises a heavy reinforcement.
- the T-web is not reinforced, and, furthermore, made shorter than shown in the draw- After the platform has been covered over its entire length with conventional T-beams 7, and after the concrete thereof has sufiiciently set, cores or troughs 8 are set up along the joints where two elements abut against each other.
- Said cores or troughs serve for excluding gas concrete from a tunnel-shaped space 8 when such concrete 9 is cast on the T-bea-ms above the joints at points where the cross-reinforcements protrude from the T-iflang-es.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 The embodiment of the installation shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 comprises several subassemblies movable singly and in succession with the aid of hydraulic drive mechanisms 10. As a whole, the installation is mounted on a frame or stand movable on rails and of which the length corresponds to the maximum length of the elements.
- the hydraulic drives are actuated and controlled by means indicated at 11.
- the apparatus Upon completion of a conventional T-beam, the apparatus is moved forwardly for the width of one element (FIG. 1). The formwork 5 then is lowered to the floor, the rear formWork-sheet thus contacting the previously produced element from the outside.
- the input chute 1 is in the extended position shown in dot-and-dash lines in FIG. 2.
- the bottom of channel 1 is closed; by and below same is clamped the reinforcement 12.
- the web reinforcement projects from below into chute 1.
- chute 1 After the concrete has been fed, in the accurate quantity required and in the proper distribution, into chute 1, the latter is retracted over the form and folded (FIG. 2). In this actuation, the reinforcement 12 is released and drops on to the form, the concrete 13 dropping through the reinforcement on the floor where it forms a heap. Chute 1 then is extended again.
- the sheets 2 are lowered. As soon as the latter hit the transverse reinforcement wires, they bend the ends thereof upwardly and then force said wires through the heap of concrete until the reinforcement has assumed the appropriate height above the floor or ground (FIG. 3).
- the T-web is formed by means of the sheets 3. When being lowered, they are spread apart (see FIG. 4). To render this possible, the flange-pressing sheets 4 are moved angularly and downwardly on hinges. The sheets 3 then are folded from the position shown in FIG. 4 into that shown in FIG. 5 and thereby heap the concrete up 'to above the reinforcement. When making elements having no T-web reinforcement, a correspondingly smaller quantity of concrete is filled in so that it will be heaped by the sheets 3 only up to the line '6. In the subsequent pressing operation, the web-pressing sheet 4 in such case also is lowered down to line 6. During such lowering from the position of FIG. 4 into that of FIG.
- the flange-pressing sheets 4 execute a pivoting movement on the hinges 14.
- the element is mounted in forms on all sides, and, thus, can be very eifectively pressed and packed down.
- Such packing suitably is carried out by pressing only. It is, however, also possible of course to use only vibration, or vibration and pressing, for packing and consolidating.
- vibration or vibration and pressing
- Stripping the forms from the finished element i.e. returning the parts of the installation from the position according to FIG. 5 into that of FIG. 2, takes place in the following order:
- the reinforcement depressers 2 are raise-d, then one after another the external form 5, the pressing sheets 4 and finally the web-forming sheets 3. As soon as all the parts have been raised, the entire installation may be advanced by one step for casting the next-following T- beam.
- FIGS. 6, 7 differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 in that the sheets for depressing the reinforcement athwart of the forms are pivoted to their actuating linkage, the pressing means are at least approximately of the same Width as the formwork, and in that the part thereof which for pressing penetrates into the forms, comprises means for closing the T-forming sheets that have entered into the form and for exercising a lateral pressing action.
- the form 5 of this second example of the installation disclosed by the invention which prior to forming a fresh element 7 is lowered to the floor of the working platform, is similar to that of the first example.
- the interior walls of this form 5 comprise a vertical groove 21 for each crosswire of the reinforcement 12. Between each pair of grooves 21, sheets having beveled side-edges are mounted on the upper edge of the form walls, said sheets forming Vguides with the side edgesv of the adjacent sheets, which guides during the fall-in on the form lead each crosswire of the reinforcement 12 accurately over the appurtenant groove 21.
- the sheets 2 for depressing the reinforcement 12 resting on the form into the latter are pivoted at 17 to. the actuating linkage thereof and are forced by springs into the position shown.
- they When lowering said sheets, they abut against guides 16 by which they are led on'the interior wall of the form, being resiliently urged against same, and sweep downwardly along the form walls, thus cleaning same.
- Theends of the cross-reinforcement wires resting on the form are bent over at right angles and put into the grooves 21'.
- the sheets 2 are lowered until the reinforcement 12 is at the proper height abovethe floor,
- notches 22 are pivoted at the bottom of the grooves 21, in which the ends of the reinforcement wires. are hooked.
- thesheets 3 are lowered for forming the T-web, said latter sheets being pivoted to their actuating linkage. I lowering step move out of the pressing means 4, their swells 25 will be below the pressing rolls 20 so that the spring 19 may cause the sheets 3 to spread apart.
- pressing rolls 20 glide along thespread form sheets .3 and shove same together again. In such movement the concrete is heaped above the reinforcement, and. the web is formed. In the. last stage of the lowering movement, the 1 web and the two flanges of the T-bearn 7 are subjected to a relatively high pressure from above; Since, the sheets i 2 during such pressing movement are not in the form, the. pressing means may occupy the entire width of the form, whereby the flanges and also the marginal portions are pressed very uniformly.
- the pressing rolls 20 are at half the web-height whichsis very favorable for pressure application.
- the two punches of the pressing means 4 are 1 of sturdy 'constructionand braced against eaeh'other by crosspins 23 for the purpose of taking-up the horizontal? thrust of the rolls 20.
- the installation for fabricating the T-elements suitably comprises. a plurality, for example three zones. or panels flanked by rails'and of equal width. When one of these panels is covered entirely by T-elements, the casting apparatus at the end of the panel may be moved transversely to the second panel. While elements are cast in the second panel, the gas concrete may be applied vandsrnoothed down in the first panel. working in the third paneland gas concrete is applied in the second panel, the gas concrete 'slab in the first panel may be subdivided in accordance with the width of'the T-beams.
- the cutting tool of this apparatus' consists of a taut steel wire to which are clamped, fat short distances from each other, short piecesof steel pipe.
- the pipe piecesac-t like the teeth of:
- the beams are arranged side-by-side on the abutment walls, the gas-concrete slab facing downwardly of course, and mounted so that the load is transmitted directly on to said walls by said beams.
- the tunnel-shaped hollow spaces in the joints into which project the cross-reinforcement wires from both sides are filled with plastic concrete which is injected from the side.
- a movable concrete container comprising a pressing means may be used, said means having a flexible hose with an injection head that may be connected to the entrance of the channels.
- the ceiling at once has its full carrying capacity and is entirely smooth and even. Only a fioor covering need be applied thereto.
- the T-elements intended for the erection of walls are set side-by-side in alignment. After the vertical tunnellike hollow spaces have been filled the end-portions of the transverse reinforcement wires here also afford the fast connection of the wall elements.
- the porous gas concrete imparts to the structural element high insulating capacity against heat, cold and sound.
- a method according to claim 1 wherein the step of sequentially producing a plurality of reinforced components comprises placing two spaced vertical form walls on a platform, pouring a conical heap conventional concrete between said form walls, pressing reinforcement means into said heap, allowing the end portions of the reinforcement means to extend transversely to the length of the component, bending upwardly said extended portions forming said concrete into an upright median rib and longitudinal flange portions, and exerting pressure on said concrete thereby compacting it according to the form.
- gas concrete is used as porous insulating material, and said gas concrete slab is cut by a taut wire having a reciprocating motion.
- a method according to claim 1 in which the production of the reinforced components, casting of porous insulating material and cutting said slab are accomplished by three juxtaposed panels sequentially accomplishing each said operation while passing over a work platform.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH807662A CH399701A (de) | 1962-07-05 | 1962-07-05 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Bauelementen in Form von Brettern oder Balken, die zur Herstellung von Wänden resp. von tragfähigen Decken bestimmt sind |
CH773763A CH413298A (de) | 1962-07-05 | 1963-06-21 | Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von Bauelementen in Form von Brettern oder Balken, die zur Herstellung von Wänden resp. von tragfähigen Decken bestimmt sind |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3239587A true US3239587A (en) | 1966-03-08 |
Family
ID=25702059
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US292925A Expired - Lifetime US3239587A (en) | 1962-07-05 | 1963-07-05 | Method for precasting a structural building element |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3239587A (de) |
AT (1) | AT242582B (de) |
CH (1) | CH413298A (de) |
FR (1) | FR1361748A (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3576069A (en) * | 1969-05-23 | 1971-04-27 | Edward Augustus Proctor | Process for forming a composite building construction |
US3654742A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-04-11 | John A Wilnau | Method of forming a concrete building component |
US5123784A (en) * | 1988-04-28 | 1992-06-23 | Takenaka Corporation | Method of sealing construction joint in top-down construction method |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1269557B (de) * | 1964-12-05 | 1968-05-30 | Trasswerke Meurin Betr S G M B | Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Bewehrungseinlagen in Formen fuer Betonkoerper |
GB8709324D0 (en) * | 1987-04-21 | 1987-05-28 | Bevan Assoc | Reinforcement of moulded construction products |
CN112248187A (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-22 | 南京永顺机械有限公司 | 一种管片混凝土自动抹光机用侧推装置及使用方法 |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1428401A (en) * | 1918-01-25 | 1922-09-05 | John T Simpson | Process of making reenforced concrete structures |
US1750113A (en) * | 1928-03-06 | 1930-03-11 | George C Martin | Method for forming slabs |
US2299071A (en) * | 1940-02-12 | 1942-10-20 | Price | Building construction |
US2328907A (en) * | 1939-10-18 | 1943-09-07 | Detrick M H Co | Furnace wall construction |
US2465871A (en) * | 1946-12-03 | 1949-03-29 | Charles A Hardie | Faced monolithic building wall |
US2587724A (en) * | 1945-09-10 | 1952-03-04 | Peoples First Nat Bank & Trust | Precast reinforced concrete unit |
US2732607A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Method for making structural members | ||
US2740162A (en) * | 1952-11-12 | 1956-04-03 | Clarence K Knight | Molding of a smooth surfaced reinforced cementitious slab |
US2879575A (en) * | 1953-03-24 | 1959-03-31 | Giesen Jan Hendrik Lutherus | Apparatus for producing concrete products on a floor |
US2912849A (en) * | 1958-01-10 | 1959-11-17 | Kenneth C Wissinger | Precast concrete construction |
US3011241A (en) * | 1958-04-04 | 1961-12-05 | Fry Elwood | Mobile casting apparatus |
-
1963
- 1963-06-21 CH CH773763A patent/CH413298A/de unknown
- 1963-07-02 AT AT525163A patent/AT242582B/de active
- 1963-07-04 FR FR940322A patent/FR1361748A/fr not_active Expired
- 1963-07-05 US US292925A patent/US3239587A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2732607A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Method for making structural members | ||
US1428401A (en) * | 1918-01-25 | 1922-09-05 | John T Simpson | Process of making reenforced concrete structures |
US1750113A (en) * | 1928-03-06 | 1930-03-11 | George C Martin | Method for forming slabs |
US2328907A (en) * | 1939-10-18 | 1943-09-07 | Detrick M H Co | Furnace wall construction |
US2299071A (en) * | 1940-02-12 | 1942-10-20 | Price | Building construction |
US2587724A (en) * | 1945-09-10 | 1952-03-04 | Peoples First Nat Bank & Trust | Precast reinforced concrete unit |
US2465871A (en) * | 1946-12-03 | 1949-03-29 | Charles A Hardie | Faced monolithic building wall |
US2740162A (en) * | 1952-11-12 | 1956-04-03 | Clarence K Knight | Molding of a smooth surfaced reinforced cementitious slab |
US2879575A (en) * | 1953-03-24 | 1959-03-31 | Giesen Jan Hendrik Lutherus | Apparatus for producing concrete products on a floor |
US2912849A (en) * | 1958-01-10 | 1959-11-17 | Kenneth C Wissinger | Precast concrete construction |
US3011241A (en) * | 1958-04-04 | 1961-12-05 | Fry Elwood | Mobile casting apparatus |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3576069A (en) * | 1969-05-23 | 1971-04-27 | Edward Augustus Proctor | Process for forming a composite building construction |
US3654742A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-04-11 | John A Wilnau | Method of forming a concrete building component |
US5123784A (en) * | 1988-04-28 | 1992-06-23 | Takenaka Corporation | Method of sealing construction joint in top-down construction method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH413298A (de) | 1966-05-15 |
FR1361748A (fr) | 1964-05-22 |
AT242582B (de) | 1965-09-27 |
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