US3237565A - Hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines - Google Patents

Hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3237565A
US3237565A US314464A US31446463A US3237565A US 3237565 A US3237565 A US 3237565A US 314464 A US314464 A US 314464A US 31446463 A US31446463 A US 31446463A US 3237565 A US3237565 A US 3237565A
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United States
Prior art keywords
impeller
casing
pipe
water
liquid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US314464A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hartland Derek
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English Electric Co Ltd
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English Electric Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/005—Starting, also of pump-turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/002—Injecting air or other fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/10—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines
    • F03B3/103—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines the same wheel acting as turbine wheel and as pump wheel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/91—Reversible between pump and motor use

Definitions

  • a hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine includes means for injecting an emulsion of gas and water into the impeller of the pump or reversible pump turbine and for varying the proportions of gas and water so as to vary the density of the emulsion during priming of the pump, or of the reversible pump turbine in operation as a pump.
  • FIG. 1 shows a general arrangement of hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed view of part of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph plotting power absorbed against time
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine in accordance with the invention.
  • a large hydraulic pump i.e. a pump having an input power greater than one megawatt, includes an impeller 11 having a crown 12 and skirt 13 inter-conected by vanes 14.
  • the pump also includes a shaft 15, through which the impeller is driven by a motor 16.
  • the stationary structure of the pump includes a spiral casing 17, which surrounds the impeller and as connected to a delivery pipe 18 incorporating a valve 19.
  • the delivery pipe is connected to a reservoir (not shown) to which water is to be delivered during pump operation.
  • a suction tube 20 Immediately below the eye of the impeller 11 is provided a suction tube 20 vertically below and symmetrical with the impeller. At the lower end of the suction tube there is provided an inlet bend tube 21 which communicates through a passage 22 with a lower reservoir (not shown) from which water is to be pumped.
  • the passage 23 surrounding the impeller may be provided with adjustable guide vanes 24 and a ring of fixed vanes 25 as shown, through which water is delivered by the impeller 11 into the spiral casing 17, or alternatively only a ring of fixed diffuser vanes may be provided.
  • the centre of the crown 12 is formed with a cavity 26 connected by a bore 27 with an annular space 28 between the stationary structure and the rotating par-ts of the pump, sealing rings 29, 30 between the stationary structure and the rotating parts being provided at the top and bottom of the space 28.
  • the space may either be vented to atmosphere (or, where thae suction tube is at sub-atmospheric pressure, to a vacuum chamber) through a bore 31 and valve 32, or may be connected to a source of compressed air, or alternatively may be closed off.
  • a labyrinth seal 33 is provided between the crown 12 and the stationary structure, and a further labyrinth seal 34 is provided between the skirt 13 and the stationary structure at the top of the suction tube 20.
  • a drain pipe 35 is provided between the sealing ring 30 and the labyrinth seal 33 through which any leakage is drained off.
  • a pipe 40 is conected to a source of water under pressure, for example to the delivery pipe 18 as shown. In pumps having adjustable guide vanes 24, these may be closed and the valve 19 may be open, allowing water under pressure into the spiral casing 17. In this case the pipe 40 may optionally be connected to the spiral casing 17
  • the pipe 40 contains a valve 41, by which the flow of water may be controlled, and leads to an emulsifier 42. Compressed air is fed to the emulsifier 42 through a valve-controlled supply pipe 43 from any convenient source; the emulsifier may be of any known or convenient type, for example one in which the air and water are converted into an emulsion by mechanical means, or of the hydraulically-energised type.
  • the emulsion passes to a port or ports 44 in the suction tube 20, the pipe 40a curving upwards towards the port or ports 44 so that the emulsion is directed into the impeller 11.
  • a branch pipe 45 and valve 46 are provided, to enable the pipe 40a to be drained.
  • An emulsifying agent such as a detergent, may be supplied to the emulsifier 42, for example through pipe 47.
  • the impeller 11 In starting operation of a pump or of a reversible pump turbine in the pumping sense, the impeller 11 is first accelerated by any known or convenient means such as an auxiliary motor from rest to synchronous speed in air, the water being depressed down the suction tube by the introduction of compressed air through pipe 31. A small amount of water may be admitted to the impeller seals during this phase, to reduce the risk of the fine clearances, with which the impeller runs, being taken up and seizing occurring.
  • the motor 16 is connected to the power supply, e.g. to the grid, and synchronised and the auxiliary motor may be disconnected.
  • the power absorbed in these two phases rises from zero 'to about 3 percent of the normal full load, and they may be completed, for example, in two minutes (see FIG. 3).
  • the full line represents the starting of a pump fitted with adjustable guide vanes 24, which are closed during this period, and the dotted line represents the star-ting of a pump having only the fixed diffuser vanes 25.
  • the impeller is progressively filled with water; owing to the centrifugal effect the water builds up progressively from the outer periphery of the impeller inwards.
  • the filling may be achieved either (a) by gradually exhausting the air from the suction tube through pipe 31 allowing the water level to rise slowly into the impeller inlet.
  • the water picked up by the vanes 14 is centrifuged to the outer periphery and displaces the air in the impeller radially inward; the air is thus compressed and opposes the rise of the water level, and thus the process is stable.
  • water from the delivery pipe 18 into the space between the impeller 11 and the adjustable guide vanes 24 (or fixed diffuser vanes 25) and thence inward into the impeller against the action of centrifugal force.
  • the water may be fed in through a pipe connected to the wall of passage 23, or connected to the stationary casing adjacent the crown 12 (outside seal 33) or adjacent the skirt 13 of the impeller.
  • it may be achieved by (c) directing a jet or jets of water aimed at the impeller inlet from the suction tube, the jets being supplied from the delivery pipe 18, or from an extraneous source, e.g. through pipes 40, 40a.
  • the inner boundary of the water may be brought inward in this way to substantially the radius of the smallestdiameter part of the skirt 13, and it is found that the power absorbed in this phase rises from 3 percent to about percent of the normal full load in a machine fitted with adjustable guide vanes, which are in the closed position.
  • This third phase may take a further minute.
  • the three phases described above are reversible, i.e. the sequence can easily be reversed at any time, and controllable, i.e. the rate of increase of power absorption can be controlled.
  • air will be circulated in the suction tube by the exposed parts of the impeller vanes 14, and in accordance with the invention the density of the circulating medium is progressively changed, so that load may be taken by the pump motor 16 at a con trolled rate, in the following manner: an emulsion is injected into the impeller through pipe 40a, first at a low density, i.e. with a high ratio of air to water. The density is then gradually increased, preferably by reducing the air supply and maintaining constant the rate of water supply, until the greater part of the impeller 11 and the top of the suction tube 20 is substantially filled with water; the air injected is exhausted to atmosphere in a controlled manner through pipe 31.
  • the power absorbed rises from about 10 percent of normal full load to about 27 percent when the impeller is completely filled with water in the case of pumps with adjustable guide vanes, and to about 60 percent in the case of pumps with fixed diffuser vanes. Hitherto this rise took place in a fraction of a second; by use of the invention the rise in power is caused to take place over a longer period, at a rate at which the electrical grid can more easily accept the load.
  • this rise in power may take more than 20 seconds, as shown in chain-dashed lines in FIG. 3.
  • the adjustable guide vanes 24 (or in pumps with only fixed guide vanes 25, the delivery valve 19) are gradually opened so that the power absorbed is increased in a controllable manner from 27 percent or 60 percent respectively to full load.
  • the impeller may be filled entirely by means of the injection of emulsion, and the third phase (filling the outer periphery of the impeller) as described above is therefore omitted.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a modification of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2 in which water is supplied from the delivery pipe 18 through pipe 70, controlled by valve 71, to a venturi 72. Compressed air is fed through pipe 73 to the throat of the venturi or to a distribution manifold at the throat of the venturi, and the emulsion of air and water thus produced is injected into the impeller through port 74.
  • a drain pipe 75 and valve 76 are provided, and an emulsifying agent, such as Teepol or By-Prox (registered trademarks), may be supplied to the throat of the venturi through a pipe 77.
  • an emulsifying agent such as Teepol or By-Prox (registered trademarks)
  • FIG. 5 a further modification of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown, in which instead of the pipe 43 being connected to an external source of compressed air, it is supplied with air exhausted from the impeller space through pipe 31.
  • a two-way valve 47 is provided to enable the pipe 31 alternatively to be vented to atmosphere or connected to pipe 43.
  • the air supply pipe 73 (FIG. 4) of the venturi 72 may be connected to be supplied with air exhausted from the impeller space through pipe 31.
  • a hydraulic machine comprising a casing an impeller mounted for rotation in said casing
  • a suction tube mounted on said casing upstream of said impeller for connection to a liquid reservoir
  • control means mounted on said casing for causing said liquid to flow along the suction tube towards said impeller at a controlle rate
  • an emulsifier connected to a source of both gas and liquid for generating an emulsion therefrom
  • control means for varying the proportions of gas and liquid in said emulsifier during the injection of said emul- 2.
  • said control means comprises a valve selectively operable to introduce a gas into said impeller, and
  • a hydraulic machine according to claim 2, wherein said emulsifier comprises,
  • venturi tube having an inlet, a throat and an outlet
  • said gas pressure source is the said gas exhausted from said impeller as the said liquid flows along the suction tube.
  • said emulsifier further comprises a fourth pipe connecting said throat to a source of an emulsifying agent.
  • a hydraulic machine comprising,
  • valve means mounted on said casing and movable between a first position for introducing gas into said impeller and a second position for exhausting said gas therefrom whereby to cause said liquid to flow along the suction tube towards said impeller at a controlled rate
  • an emulsifier connected both to a source of gas, and a source of liquid, for generating an emulsion therefrom,
  • a hydraulic machine comprising means for supplying an emulsifying agent to said emulsifier.
  • venturi having an inlet and a throat
  • a hydraulic machine comprising a casing
  • a first tube mounted on said casing and communicating at one end with the leading edge of said impeller and at the other end with a water supply
  • control valve mounted on said casing and selectively operable to permit water to advance along said first tube towards said impeller at a controlled rate
  • an emulsifier connected to a source of air and a source of water for generating an aerated emulsion from said water

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US314464A 1962-10-15 1963-10-07 Hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines Expired - Lifetime US3237565A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB38854/62A GB1009900A (en) 1962-10-15 1962-10-15 Improvements in or relating to hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines

Publications (1)

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US3237565A true US3237565A (en) 1966-03-01

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US (1) US3237565A (de)
AT (1) AT247159B (de)
CH (1) CH403493A (de)
DE (1) DE1528820A1 (de)
ES (1) ES292504A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1009900A (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3372862A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-03-12 Laval Turbine Centrifugal compressor
US3408049A (en) * 1967-06-21 1968-10-29 Balwin Lima Hamilton Corp Emergency wicket gate stop
US3507603A (en) * 1966-03-10 1970-04-21 Escher Wyss Ltd Filling a two-stage or multi-stage hydraulic turbomachine with water
US3575539A (en) * 1968-11-27 1971-04-20 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for suppressing vibration in a helical-rotor axial-flow compressor supplied with sealing water
US3890059A (en) * 1972-10-25 1975-06-17 Hitachi Ltd Hydraulic turbine operating method and apparatus
US3927951A (en) * 1973-09-08 1975-12-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Water turbine
US3945754A (en) * 1973-08-06 1976-03-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Hydraulic machines and operating method thereof
US4158525A (en) * 1977-01-31 1979-06-19 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of and apparatus for operating pump turbine
US4547123A (en) * 1979-10-29 1985-10-15 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-stage hydraulic machine and method of operating same
US4588352A (en) * 1984-04-12 1986-05-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Multistage hydraulic machine
US5738807A (en) * 1996-09-24 1998-04-14 Daewoo Electronics Co. Ltd Air bubble generating apparatus
US6929777B1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2005-08-16 Ension, Inc. Pneumatically actuated integrated life support system
WO2014147300A1 (fr) * 2013-03-19 2014-09-25 Alstom Renewable Technologies Turbine hydraulique et installation de conversion d'energie comprenant une telle turbine
ES2531903A1 (es) * 2013-09-19 2015-03-20 Abel Martínez Díez Turbina gasohidraúlica de cavitación controlada

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4537558A (en) * 1981-02-03 1985-08-27 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-stage hydraulic machine and control method for a multi-stage hydraulic machine
FR2669968B1 (fr) * 1990-11-30 1995-01-20 Sithe Procede de regulation de la vitesse de rotation d'une turbine hydraulique, et dispositif pour la mise-en-óoeuvre de ce procede.
DE102011008869A1 (de) * 2011-01-18 2012-07-19 Voith Patent Gmbh Wasserturbine oder Pumpturbine oder sonstige hydraulische Maschine
DE102011113442A1 (de) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Hydraulische Maschine mit oben liegendem Saugkrümmer
DE102014201055B3 (de) * 2014-01-22 2015-03-19 Voith Patent Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entwässern eines Laufrades einer hydraulischen Maschine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1504776A (en) * 1922-04-08 1924-08-12 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Hydraulic machine
US1737870A (en) * 1924-06-05 1929-12-03 Archibald S Telfer Pump
US1739600A (en) * 1926-07-09 1929-12-17 Loth William Arthur Apparatus for producing variations of pressure
US2795873A (en) * 1947-09-12 1957-06-18 Richard T Hoffman Method of hydraulic dredging
US3047267A (en) * 1957-02-18 1962-07-31 Neyrpic Ets Method and means for quieting the hydraulic operation of turbines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1504776A (en) * 1922-04-08 1924-08-12 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Hydraulic machine
US1737870A (en) * 1924-06-05 1929-12-03 Archibald S Telfer Pump
US1739600A (en) * 1926-07-09 1929-12-17 Loth William Arthur Apparatus for producing variations of pressure
US2795873A (en) * 1947-09-12 1957-06-18 Richard T Hoffman Method of hydraulic dredging
US3047267A (en) * 1957-02-18 1962-07-31 Neyrpic Ets Method and means for quieting the hydraulic operation of turbines

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3372862A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-03-12 Laval Turbine Centrifugal compressor
US3507603A (en) * 1966-03-10 1970-04-21 Escher Wyss Ltd Filling a two-stage or multi-stage hydraulic turbomachine with water
US3408049A (en) * 1967-06-21 1968-10-29 Balwin Lima Hamilton Corp Emergency wicket gate stop
US3575539A (en) * 1968-11-27 1971-04-20 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for suppressing vibration in a helical-rotor axial-flow compressor supplied with sealing water
US3890059A (en) * 1972-10-25 1975-06-17 Hitachi Ltd Hydraulic turbine operating method and apparatus
US3945754A (en) * 1973-08-06 1976-03-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Hydraulic machines and operating method thereof
US3927951A (en) * 1973-09-08 1975-12-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Water turbine
US4158525A (en) * 1977-01-31 1979-06-19 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of and apparatus for operating pump turbine
US4547123A (en) * 1979-10-29 1985-10-15 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-stage hydraulic machine and method of operating same
US4588352A (en) * 1984-04-12 1986-05-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Multistage hydraulic machine
US5738807A (en) * 1996-09-24 1998-04-14 Daewoo Electronics Co. Ltd Air bubble generating apparatus
US6929777B1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2005-08-16 Ension, Inc. Pneumatically actuated integrated life support system
WO2014147300A1 (fr) * 2013-03-19 2014-09-25 Alstom Renewable Technologies Turbine hydraulique et installation de conversion d'energie comprenant une telle turbine
US10323620B2 (en) 2013-03-19 2019-06-18 Ge Renewable Technologies Hydraulic turbine, and power conversion facility including such a turbine
ES2531903A1 (es) * 2013-09-19 2015-03-20 Abel Martínez Díez Turbina gasohidraúlica de cavitación controlada

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1528820A1 (de) 1969-10-16
CH403493A (de) 1965-11-30
GB1009900A (en) 1965-11-17
AT247159B (de) 1966-05-25
ES292504A1 (es) 1964-01-01

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