Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
  • C23C10/60—After-treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
  • B23D61/02—Circular saw blades
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
  • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
  • C04B35/74—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing shaped metallic materials
  • C04B35/76—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
  • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
  • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
  • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
  • C23C10/38—Chromising
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
  • Y10S264/19—Inorganic fiber
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
  • Y10T428/268—Monolayer with structurally defined element
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/4935—Impregnated naturally solid product [e.g., leather, stone, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a processfor, the production of an improved metal/ceramicmaterial and articles made therefrom, and relates especially to ceramic materials and shaped articles which contain a metalskeleton.
• metal fibres which: are usually obtained by cutting frommetal wires, filamentsand thelike, can be fel-tedtogether and, as
• felts canbe sintered. to shaped articles (so-called fibre metallurgy). It is also known thataporous skeletonlike metal molded article so'producedis ableto-serve as a reinforcing structure for, for; example, pure magnesium.
• the steel wool in fibre thicknesses ofa-maxir'nurn of- 0.6 mm., preferably less than 0.1 mm.
• the thickness of the fibres should be the smallest. possible, i.e the lower. limits for the thickness of the fibres are set by the process of preparation for the steel wool.
• the carbon content of the steel may be varied within relatively-wide limits.
• a steel wool with more than 0.1% of carbon may be used; in some cases even with. more than 1% of carbon.
• the diffusion. process, andv the oxide/ ceramic mixture must be chosen with respect to composition so that everything is successively synchronised. These are the usual tasks for the technicians in the metal and ceramic fields.
• the metal/ceramic so obtained consists according to the invention of a metallic and a ceramic phase, which are interconnected together at the phase boundaries in the form of interlocking net- Patented Feb. 8, 1-966 works, while the metallic phase may consist of homogeneously, chromed steel wool.
• the ceramic phase, just as. the steel wool skeleton, is a network and only the subsequentlyv applied surface layer. is a continuouslayer.
• This material according to the invention possesses excellentv mechanical, technological, thermal, oxidation-resisting and corrosion-resisting properties, which is to be attributed to the fact that the homogeneously chromised steelwool possesses-a good adhesion to ceramic compositions, especially to aluminum oxide.
• the good adhesion. between chromisedsteel wool andceramic according to the invention mayv possibly be ate tributedto a mechanism similar to that known from com-. biuation-materials using aluminumoxide and chromium powder, which. materials show a transition. phase of.
• chromium. oxide-a1uminum oxidespinel (ruby): formed at the Phase boundaries between. the chromium metal and, aluminum, oxide.
• the metalfibres which mayabe cutt-o certain suitable length, e.g. to 5-50 mm., are chromised and annealed and the resultant fibres,
• steel 1 wool with a: relatively high carbon content is sed; euon r mi n y a e moun s ph m r urn carbide are; formed in the chromiurn alloy. Since carbides; have a more or less.cerarnic like,character,the bindingofsuch a steel wool in the ceramic b ase material. Eor this reason according to the present.
• Suchamaterial may beconverted-into ceramic cutting discs with relatively. goodcu-tting properties by coating with; a, so-called cermet-material, which possesses especially good cutting properties.
• the said cermet-mate-rial means a powder combination of ceramics and re fractory metal oxides. with other metals and alloys, especially such as aluminum oxide-chromium combinations, and is described by Blackburn, A. R. and Shevlin, T. S. in,P.rogress Report on Fabrication and Physical Properties of Chromium-Aluminum Oxide Cermets, Ohio State University, April 1949 (Report N. 53).
• the coating of cermet-material is applied to the dry steel wool/ceramic body by dipping or spraying and postsintering the whole. Upon use as a cutting tool, the steel wool/ceramic body part plays the role of providing the strength, whereas the coating part provides the cutting properties.
• Athin coating layer of a'few tenths of a millimetre of the cermet issufficient-r
• Theshaped articles produced by the process according to the present invention are particularly advantageous for use as material for machine parts and cutting discs.
• the following examples are for the purpose of illustration, only, without limiting the present invention in scope.
• a Steel wool-v in the form of many single fibres witha fibre thickness less than 0.01 mm. and" an average fibre width of about 0.1 mm. was prepared by chipping off from a special steel .wire with the following analysis: 0.13%, C, 1.06% Mn, 0.042% P, 0.009% S, 0.05% CI and traces of Si. The length of the fibres was variable and extended up to a few metres.
• the steel' wool so obtained was packedtloosely in a suitable: chromising vessel with-pieces of chromium and. subjected to a chromium diflusi'on treatment with gaseous hydrogen chloride for 3 hours at 1100 C. The steel wool was then annealed at 1300'? (ES-for 5 hours under a reducing atmosphere, whereby a ho-" mogeneous distribution'of the chromium "over the whole fibrous cross-section of the steel wool is Obtained.
• Example 2 The metal wool was prepared from steel wire-as described in Example 1', and the fibres arran'ged in.a-"wdi rected form in separate layers and at various angles to' The-fibresso arranged were first com'-- pressed in'a rectangular mouldwith a pressures'of 0.5
• the preliminary moulded body was now chromised by the process described in Example 1.
• the chromising temperature was 1200 C. and the chromising time 2 hours. After this period, the current of hydrogen chloride was stopped and the chromising vessel purged with hydrogen, the temperature being maintained for a Example 3
• a shaped body was first moulded from steel wool as in The steel wool so 0b.:
• the skelet-albody so obtained was saturated in vacuo with a ceramic slip-according to Example 1, dried in air at 95" C: and'then compressed at 2 tons/cm. 'while in the-leather-hard”condition.
• the final sinte-ring tookplace 'at 1550 C. for 1 hour in a high vacuum.
• Thmetal-ceramic body so obtained had very good properties.
• Example'4 Ashaped body was .preparedbythe process given in Example 2 and chromised, but the carbon content of the steel Wool amounted to 1.2%,
• a method of producing a-body of metal fibers in a ceramic matrix comprising contacting a body of ferrous metal fibers with metallic chromium and heatingthe body.
• a metal fiber ceramic impregnated material comprising a metallic phase inrthe form of an interlocking network-of homogeneously chromised steel wool of a thickness upto about 0.6 mm., the network being impregnatedwith afused ceramic material which adheres firmly to the steel wool.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
• Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
• Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

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Cited By (11)

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Citations (2)

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• 1961
  • 1961-07-10 DE DEJ20217A patent/DE1227663B/de active Pending
• 1962
  • 1962-07-06 AT AT546162A patent/AT245271B/de active
  • 1962-07-06 US US208089A patent/US3233985A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1962-07-10 GB GB26374/62A patent/GB964064A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (2)

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