CN113524393B - 一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法 - Google Patents
一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法,属于烟草设备技术领域。本发明采用氧化锆作为主料提高刀片硬度,同时配比一定比例的氧化铝提高耐冲击韧性。选择15‑60度范围内和陶瓷热涨系数比较一致的马氏不锈钢制作刀片网络状金属骨架,同时,另选用氧化锆、氧化铝、铬金属、铁金属粉在金属骨架表面首先形成金属陶瓷层,再和氧化锆、氧化铝陶瓷成分烧结复合,制作成TOPSPIN切丝机专用陶瓷刀。在保证足够锋利度同时,提高耐冲击性,不出现刃口裂瓷现象,并且制作的陶瓷刀热涨系数和马氏不锈钢均为6.8,改善陶瓷和骨架剥离现象;加上金属陶瓷层对金属骨架和陶瓷均有较好结合力,增加马氏不锈钢和陶瓷主体的粘接牢固程度,防止陶瓷剥离现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于烟草设备技术领域,具体的说,涉及一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法。
背景技术
卷烟加工技术领域中,烟叶切丝过程是一个重要工艺环节。目前主流切丝机包括德国HAUNI公司的KTC系列切丝机、意大利SD系列切丝机,国产SQ系列仿制KTC系列切丝机。以及自2008年后德国新推出的TOPSPIN切丝机。
按切丝机刀片运行方式分,KTC、SD、SQ切丝机均为滚刀式切丝机,优点是设备机构紧凑,运行稳定,设备造价低,切丝质量好,对刀片要求低。不足点是对设备操作人员要求高,刀片、砂轮更换频繁,大约每生产8h需要更换1次刀片,每生产3天需要更换1次砂轮。更重要的是由于采用和刀门压力相同方向切丝,切出烟丝不松散,结饼情况明显,给烟丝损耗和卷烟质量带来负面影响。
TOPSPIN切丝机采用旋转式切丝机,由于切丝角度和刀门压力呈90度垂直,切丝过程对烟丝有松散作用,对烟丝损耗和卷烟质量有利,更主要的是,该切丝机可大大减少砂轮、刀片的更换维护工作量,一般每周需要更换一次刀片,每月需要更换1次砂轮。但是,该切丝机对刀片锋利程度要求高,否则对切丝质量有影响。自该设备投产到现在,已经十年有余,因刀片锋利程度不够,造成切丝质量不好,烟丝填充性低带来一定负面影响。
为改善该问题,我们使用陶瓷刀片代替金属刀片在TOPSPIN切丝机上进行验证,证明陶瓷刀片可以大幅度提升刀片使用寿命,大幅度提升刀片锋利程度,改善切丝质量。但是陶瓷刀片也有自身不足。
陶瓷刀是近来开始逐渐推广的刀片工艺,以其极高的硬度带来极高的锋利度。陶瓷刀片一百年前就开始出现,从当初的氧化铝陶瓷刀到复合氧化铝陶瓷刀,氮化硅陶瓷刀,以及现在最广泛的氧化锆陶瓷刀。同时,刀片制作工艺也越来越成熟。氧化锆陶瓷刀硬度为钢铁的60倍,经久耐磨,开始广泛应用在民用厨具,也开始出现了陶瓷铣刀等工业工具。但缺点还是韧性不足,不耐冲击,容易断裂缺口。CN106736892B-提供了一种陶瓷电工刀片的制备方法,使用了高温静压工艺增强刀片强度,该工艺也仅能满足对普通民用刀具制作要求。CN101053976B提供了-超耐磨复合陶瓷刮刀的制备方法,参照该设计方法制作切丝机复合陶瓷刀,刀片锋利程度和耐磨程度提高,但在冲击力作用下,陶瓷部分会和骨架产生剥离,其原因是陶瓷成分和钢材之间结合强度不足。
切丝机卷烟制造过程中重要环节,是把烟叶、烟梗切成烟丝、梗丝的过程,设备切速快,待切物料层厚且经过压实刀片切削过程阻力大,需要刀片锋利程度高,冲击力大,对刀片提出更高性能需求。TOPSPIN切丝机在切丝过程中,金属刀片要接受大约600KN的最高冲击力,陶瓷刀片锋利程度大于高碳钢刀和合金刀,锋刃能更好满足切削需求,冲击力可以降到大约400KN但是,不管是无骨架陶瓷刀,还是使用普通钢骨架的陶瓷刀,但试验过程证明依然不能够满足工业生产需要,需要根据刀片性能和形状,重新针对性开发。
根据TOPSPIN切丝机运行特点,开发新的具有金属骨架陶瓷刀片,需要解决以下问题:
1.进一步提高刀片锋利度,锋利程度越高,切丝质量越好。同时可以降低切丝过程冲击力。
2.提升刀片韧性和耐冲击力,确保刀片不裂瓷、不断裂。
3.解决切丝过程陶瓷部分和骨架产生剥离现象。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提出了一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法。制造出的陶瓷刀片更加锋利,切丝质量较好;刀片韧性耐冲击性能良好,使用过程中不易产生剥离现象,使用寿命较长,从原来每周需要更换一次刀片,提升到每60天更换一次刀片,大大提升了切丝机免维护性,更主要的是大幅度提升刀片锋利程度,改善切丝质量,卷烟机空头情况得到改善。
为达到上述目的,本发明按如下技术方案实施的:
所述的切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)采用75%氧化锆粉末和25%氧化铝粉末充分混合成陶瓷原料;
2)采用热涨系数为6.8马氏不锈钢制作成刀片骨架,制作时,采用35%氧化锆、15%氧化铝、25%铬金属粉和25%铁金属粉,充分混合均匀,作为砂模原料,采用砂模浇造法制作刀片骨架,骨架成型后表面不打磨,不清除表面,然后在1500℃温度下,对刀片骨架表面粘接的模料直接进行无氧烧结形成金属陶瓷表层;
3)将陶瓷原料加入无机硅酸盐粘合剂,并加入1%的水,然后包裹马氏不锈钢刀片骨架,在钢摸内进行压制成刀坯,然后将刀坯放置于100℃下烘干,再然后将刀坯进行精细磨削到规定尺寸;
4)将刀坯放入真空烧结炉内进行无氧烧结,烧结温度为1560℃,烧结完成后将烧结刀片快速转入无氧退火炉,进行定温慢降退火,得到陶瓷刀;
5)将陶瓷刀片放入自动化打磨机床,进行6面精密打磨到规定尺寸。
优选的,步骤1)中,氧化锆和氧化铝颗粒直径小于或等于0.1微米。
优选的,步骤2)中,氧化锆、氧化铝、铬金属粉和铁金属粉的颗粒直径小于0.1微米。
一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片,包括金属骨架、陶瓷层;所述的金属骨架呈网格状,金属骨架两侧覆盖有陶瓷层,金属骨架和陶瓷层之间设有金属陶瓷层。。
本发明的有益效果:
1.陶瓷料选用硬度高的氧化锆作为主料提高刀片硬度,同时配比一定比例的氧化铝提高耐冲击韧性,在保证陶瓷刀片足够锋利度同时,耐冲击性最好,不出现刃口裂瓷现象。
2.在刀片内设计网络状金属骨架,网络状金属骨架和陶瓷料均匀分布,可改善受力状态,并增加金属骨架和陶瓷料结合度,进一步提升刀片耐冲击力。
3.由于陶瓷和大部分金属热涨系数不同,因此,加工和使用过程产生温度差异,在热涨系作用下,容易导致陶瓷从金属表产生剥离现象和脱落,影响陶瓷刀片使用寿命。经过反复试验后,选择15-60度范围内和陶瓷热涨系数比较一致的马氏不锈钢制作刀片网络状金属骨架,并适当调整陶瓷粉组成比例为75%氧化锆+25%氧化铝,制作的陶瓷刀热涨系数也为6.8,可解决陶瓷和骨架剥离现象。
4.另选用氧化锆+氧化铝+铬金属骨架表面首先形成金属陶瓷层,再和氧化锆、氧化铝陶瓷成分烧结复合,金属陶瓷层和金属骨架和陶瓷均有较好结合力,增加马氏不锈钢和陶瓷主体的粘接牢固程度,进一步防止陶瓷剥离现象。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明陶瓷刀片主视图;
图2是本发明刀片骨架主视图;
图3是本发明陶瓷刀片剖视图;
图4是本发明退火速度曲线;
图中,1-金属骨架、2-陶瓷层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,下面将结合附图,对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的说明,以方便技术人员理解。
具体实施方案
采用直径小于等于0.1微米75%氧化锆细粉粉末和25%氧化铝超细粉末充分混合成陶瓷原料,使用该原料加工出的陶瓷兼顾锋利度和耐冲击,在保证足够锋利度同时,耐冲击性最好,不出现刃口裂瓷现象,同时该原料制作成陶瓷后热涨系数为6.8;相关试验优选情况如下:
根据试验结果,优选75%氧化锆+25%氧化铝作为陶瓷刀原料,韧性和锋利性兼顾较好。另采用热涨系数为6.8马氏不锈钢按照尺寸(如图2所示)制作成刀片骨架,由于两者热涨系数一致,增加陶瓷和马氏不锈钢附着力,避免使用过程出现热胀系数不一致导致陶瓷剥离,制作时,采用35%氧化锆、15%氧化铝、25%铬金属粉、25%铁金属粉,混合制作0.1微米以下超细粉末,充分混合均匀,作为砂模原料,采用砂模浇造法制作刀片骨架,骨架成型后表面不打磨,不清除表面,然后在1500℃温度下,对刀片骨架表面粘接的模料直接进行无氧烧结,对刀片骨架表面进行金属陶瓷化处理。无氧烧结设备采用株洲广吉昌科技有限公司真空烧结炉。该烧结温度可促使骨架表面粉末形成金属陶瓷。在金属骨架表面首先形成金属陶瓷层,再和氧化锆、氧化铝陶瓷成分烧结复合,金属陶瓷层和金属骨架和陶瓷均有较好结合力,增加马氏不锈钢和陶瓷主体的粘接牢固程度,防止剥离现象。
将陶瓷原料加入无机硅酸盐粘合剂,并加入1%的水,保持刀坯塑性,然后包裹马氏不锈钢刀片骨架,再然后按照规定尺寸在钢摸内进行压制成刀坯,将刀坯放置于100℃下烘干,便于磨削。将刀坯进行精细磨削到规定尺寸。在1560℃温度下,进行陶瓷刀片无氧烧结。无氧烧结设备采用株洲广吉昌科技有限公司真空烧结炉。在该温度下,刀坯陶瓷粉融化粘接成陶瓷,并和马氏不锈钢刀片骨架结合,同时真空条件下消除气泡,将烧结刀片快速转入无氧退火炉,进行定温慢降退火。 退火速度曲线见图4,按照该曲线降温,刀片不产生裂纹及剥离现象。将陶瓷刀片放入自动化打磨机床,进行6面精密打磨到规定尺寸,自动化打磨机床采用意大利Maus自动化打磨机床,打磨砂轮用粒度为0.2微米金刚石砂轮,由意大利Maus定制,制成TOPSPIN切丝机专用成品陶瓷刀片,对原有金属刀片进行替换。成品刀片尺寸形状见图1。
所述的切丝机专用陶瓷刀片,包括金属骨架1、陶瓷层2;所述的金属骨架1呈网格状,金属骨架1两侧覆盖有陶瓷层,金属骨架和陶瓷层之间设有金属陶瓷层,网络状金属骨架1和陶瓷料均匀分布,可改善受力状态,并增加金属骨架1和陶瓷料结合度,有效提升刀片耐冲击力。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其做出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围;附图尺寸与具体实物无关,实物尺寸可任意变换。
Claims (4)
1.一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法,其特征在于:具体包括以下步骤:
1)采用75%氧化锆粉末和25%氧化铝粉末充分混合成陶瓷原料;
2)采用热涨系数为6.8马氏不锈钢制作成刀片骨架,制作时,采用35%氧化锆、15%氧化铝、25%铬金属粉和25%铁金属粉,充分混合均匀,作为砂模原料,采用砂模浇造法制作刀片骨架,骨架成型后表面不打磨,不清除表面,然后在1500℃温度下,对刀片骨架表面粘接的模料直接进行无氧烧结;
3)将陶瓷原料加入无机硅酸盐粘合剂,并加入1%的水,然后包裹马氏不锈钢刀片骨架,在钢摸内进行压制成刀坯,然后将刀坯放置于100℃下烘干,再然后将刀坯进行精细磨削到规定尺寸;
4)将刀坯放入真空烧结炉内进行无氧烧结,烧结温度为1560℃,烧结完成后将烧结刀片快速转入无氧退火炉,进行定温慢降退火,得到陶瓷刀;
5)将陶瓷刀片放入自动化打磨机床,进行6面精密打磨到规定尺寸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,氧化锆和氧化铝颗粒直径小于或等于0.1微米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,氧化锆、氧化铝、铬金属粉和铁金属粉的颗粒直径小于0.1微米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片及制造方法,其特征在于:采用权利要求1-3任一权利要求所述的方法制作的一种切丝机专用陶瓷刀片,所述的切丝机专用陶瓷刀片包括金属骨架、陶瓷层;所述的金属骨架呈网格状,金属骨架两侧覆盖有陶瓷层,金属骨架和陶瓷层之间设有金属陶瓷层。
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