US3226041A - Process and apparatus for grinding cereal grains - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for grinding cereal grains Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3226041A
US3226041A US310031A US31003163A US3226041A US 3226041 A US3226041 A US 3226041A US 310031 A US310031 A US 310031A US 31003163 A US31003163 A US 31003163A US 3226041 A US3226041 A US 3226041A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
rollers
shell
endosperm
grinding
grains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US310031A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Graumann Hermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAVASTO SA
Original Assignee
LAVASTO SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAVASTO SA filed Critical LAVASTO SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3226041A publication Critical patent/US3226041A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C9/00—Other milling methods or mills specially adapted for grain
    • B02C9/04—Systems or sequences of operations; Plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
    • B02C4/06—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers specially adapted for milling grain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C9/00—Other milling methods or mills specially adapted for grain

Definitions

  • PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR GRINDING CEREAL GRAINS Filed Sept. 19, 1965 United States Patent 3,226,041 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR GRINDING CEREAL GRAINS Hermann Graumann, Heiloo, Netherlands, assignor to Lavasto S.A., Geneva, Switzerland Filed Sept. 19, 1963, Ser. No. 310,031
  • This invention relates to a process and apparatus for grinding cereal grains, such as wheat and rye and like shell covered fruits.
  • the purpose of the usual grinding process in grain milling is the production of grit, dust and flour by reducing the size of the cereal grain and by separating the kernel representing the flour portion of the grain from the shell envelope in order to extract the important components which contain the physiologically nutritious values, namely starch and albumen, and to separate these latter components from the shell portions which have a disadvantageous effect on the nutritious value, and if possible without any loss of the nutritious components.
  • the purpose of the grinding process is to obtain a product of the above mentioned type which is as much as possible without these shell ashes.
  • a grinding process is necessary which reduces the flour body of the grain to the desired fineness or grain size on the one hand, and which, on the other hand, prevents a too extensive crushing or cutting of the shell components in order to separate them after their detachment or loosening from the endosperm particles, which should be as complete as possible, by means of suitable sifting or separating processes.
  • the rough grinding is the first grinding step carried out on chamfered roller pairs, whose individual rollers rotate at a different relative speed. They comminute or cut the grain first into four parts which are separated during a subsequent sifting operation according to their size as follows:
  • the grit semolina Before the grit semolina is in turn ground further, it is separated on so called grit cleaning machines first from the shell fragments which are more or less free of endosperm, and which cannot be separated by the usual sifting process.
  • the grit semolina cleaned on these machines is then divided in the next grinding step, also in a stepwise reduction, into dust and flour.
  • This work process is carried out usually on smooth roller pairs whose individual rollers rotate also at difierent peripheral speed. This step is characterized thus by a crushing and grinding action. During this crushing process between the smooth rollers the pressure upon the grains in passing between the rollers causes them to be transformed into flat bodies or cakes, that is a grinding product which is coherent due to its physical nature although it has been pulverized.
  • the dust portion as well as the grit dust is separated previousy also on grit cleaning machines from shell fragmens of the same size which are more or less free of endosperm particles, are now ground in the above mentioned third grinding phase, the so-called grinding-out step, also on smooth rollers rotating at different peripheral speeds in the same manner as described above to obtain a flour of the desired grain size and again in a long, step-wise working process, in order to be able to prevent here also as much as possible a pulverizing of the shell components which are still attached, so as to be able to separate them in the sifting process which usually follows.
  • the grinding tools of this entire crushing process consist thus of chamfered as well as of smooth roller pairs, and their mode of operation is basically characterized by the different peripheral speeds of the individual rollers of each roller pair.
  • the form and number of the chamfers or grooves as well as their turn or twist, that is their position relative to the roller axis, are quite different depending on their predetermined crushing or cutting purpose, or depending on the type and physical nature of the particular cereal grain to be milled.
  • the differential speed of the roller pairs that is to say the difference in the relative peripheral speeds is much less pronounced in the individual milling purposes. For example in the coarse grinding of rye it is in the range of 1:3, of wheat in the range of 1:2,5 and during the separating and grinding out process in the range of 4:5.
  • grinding out machines consist of a pair of smooth rollers rotating at the same or approximately the same peripheral speed, so-called sizing rollers, and a roller of artificial stone mounted thereafter, which rotates in contact with a stationary grinding segment of the same material and with a more or less intense pressure.
  • the simultaneous crushing and wearing effect of the grinding process of the usual smooth roller pairs is merely divided in this type of grinding machine into two separate successive working processes which could also be called a pressure without friction and friction without pressure.
  • the smooth rollers have only a preparatory purpose. The friction effect is thus an essential component also of the crushing process of these grinding-out machines.
  • the grinding heat brings about also a considerable evaporation of the humidity contained in the grains, which in turn causes in the ventilating and pipe system of the entire grinding installation often disturbing condensation phenomena, and thus may adversely alfect the operating process and the proper working of the sifting apparatus. This in turn necessitates much expense in controlling the entire working process of the grinding operation.
  • the structure of the endosperm is greatly deformed in the desired amount by the particular distance at which the rollers are set relative to each other.
  • a portion thereof is obtained in the form of small plates or cakes which consist of individual particles which form a coherent body due to their physical nature.
  • centrifugal process in a so-called centrifugal separa tor as employed already in the cereal milling art as indicated above and which is installed behind the rollers, or by some other separating process not involving any substantial friction, these small cakes are separated or divided into a granular product of the grain fineness already obtained during the preceding deformation, thus without any further grinding effect.
  • the envelope of the grain thus the shell, is not cut or ground into small or very small particles. It merely breaks off in fragments of more or less large surface form and retains then a size and shape which allows, in the subsequent sifting operation, without difficulty a separation from the substantially more finely divided endosperm.
  • the wheat grains are ground between two smooth rollers 1, which rotate at the same peripheral speed in opposite directions.
  • the gap between the rollers has a width of 0.8 to 1 mm.
  • the wheat crushed in this manner is treated in a centrifugal separator 2 of known construction, in which the flour is separated (loosened) from the shell particles by throwing the particles by a rotor to a stationary surrounding wall.
  • the material is now fed to a plane sifter 3 with reciprocating plane sieves, in which the coarse particles, shells and flour parts adhering thereto, are sieved off on the two upper coarser sieves and are fed by ducts 4 and 5 to a second pair of smooth-surface rollers 9 with equal peripheral speed.
  • flour is discharged and at 8 the coarser particles on the lower, finer sieves, are discharged and fed to a pair of rollers 25 with smooth surface and equal peripheral speed.
  • the rollers 9 have a gap with a width of 0.1 to 0.12 mm. and the material falling through is fed to a centrifugal separator 10. From there the material loosened in said separator 10 is fed to the plane sifter 11. The coarser particles separated therein are fed to centrifugal bran finishers 12 and 13, in which a rotor with blades throws the grains on a cylindrical sieve, so that the flour passes the sieve and the bran remains and falls downwards in the cylinder. The flour is fed through 17 and 18 to a centrifugal sifter 20. The bran is discharged through 16 and 19. The flour is separated in the sieve 20 into two fractions of different particle size, which are discharged at 21 and 22, and the bran and the like courser particles remain in the cylindrical sieve and are discharged at 23.
  • the finer fractions are discharged through 39 and 40 as fine flour and the particles remaining on the lower, finer plane sieves, are fed through duct 24 together with the particles from duct 8 to the rollers 25.
  • the rollers 25 have a gap with a width of 0.1 to 0.12 mm.
  • the coarser fraction is fed through 28 to the centrifugal bran fiinisher 32 and is separated therein in bran, discharged at 33, and flour.
  • the flour is fed through 34 to a centrifugal sifter 35 with rotating sieve drum.
  • the finest fractions from the sifter 27 are discharged with two different degrees of fineness through 29 and 30.
  • the fraction with dimensions between the coarsest fraction 28 and the finest fractions, 29 and 30, are discharged through 31 and fed to the centrifugal sifter 35, where they are separated into two fractions of flour of different fineness, which are discharged at 21 and 22.
  • the coarser particles, shell parts and contaminations, are discharged at 38 from the interior of the sieve drum through the end face.
  • the grinding operation could be carried out in a single step but a multiple Step grinding operation as in the example given, has among others the advantage that dust and dirt particles which may be embedded in the furrow or groove of the grains may be removed easier during the sifting process and pass only seldom into the end product.
  • the crushing process according to the invention produces furthermore almost no friction heat, but only a deformation heat.
  • the entire heat development is thus considerably less than in the present grinding processes. For this reason the peripheral speed of the rollers and thus their output may be considerably increased, which leads to a further reduction of required machinery for the grinding installation.
  • the flour obtained with this process is rougher to the touch.
  • the removal of the germ bud during the grinding process is also facilitated considerably as it is no longer cut and crushed as before, but is merely flattened, and thus may be separated more easily and to a larger extent.
  • Its enzymes and fermentation ingredients as well as those of the other shell components get into the endosperm product only to a small degree and therefore cannot impair their utilitarian properties any longer.
  • this grinding process requires very few steps to obtain the final disintegration of the endosperm into flour because the shell, in contrast to the presently known operations, is preserved in this novel working process in fragments of relatively large surface and may therefore be separated more easily during the sifting operation from the endosperm products of smaller grain size.
  • the flour obtained thus has a much smaller ash content so that the same yield has a lighter color than before.
  • the residue of this grinding operation, the shell com ponents, may the same is in the known grain milling operations be thereafter liberated of any endosperm particles which may still be attached thereto by means of so-called bran brushes or centrifugal apparatus.
  • the endosperm particles obtained in this manner may, depending on their nature or purity, be ultimately added to the flour or they provide a feed flour in case of excessive ash content in receiving a corresponding increase of shell particles of the same grain size during this last working phase.
  • Apparatus for grinding cereal grains and like shell covered fruits comprising in combination,
  • rollers of said first set of roller pairs being adjusted to provide between each pair of rollers a gap having a width smaller than the smallest dimension of the grains to produce flattened grains having a pressed dimension larger than the size of the end product,
  • rollers of said second set of roller pairs being adjusted to provide between each pair of rollers a gap having a width to produce grain bodies having a pressed dimension of the size of the end product
  • a process for grinding cereal grains and like shell covered fruits and separating the shells from the endosperm comprising the steps of passing the grains between at least one pair of rollers having a smooth peripheral surface
  • a process for grinding cereal grains and like shell covered fruits and separating the shells from the endo sperm comprising the steps of passing the grains between at least one pair of rollers having a smooth peripheral surface
  • a process according to claim 3 including passing the shell and endosperm particles from said centrifugal separator into another sifting device and conducting sifted particles of a selected size between additional rollers rotating at approximately the same speed.
  • Apparatus for milling cereal grains and like shell covered fruits comprising at least one pair of pressing rollers having a smooth peripheral surface and rotatable at approximately the same peripheral speed.
  • rollers being adjusted to provide between the pair of rollers a gap having a width which will cause the rollers to compress the grain suificiently to reduce the endosperm to a desired particle size, break the grain shell into fragments of larger size than said endo sperm, and compact at least a portion of said deformed endosperm and said fragmented shell into a substantially fiat body, said width being substantially smaller than the smallest dimension of the grains.
  • the apparatus of claim 5 including means for subdividing said compacted grains into individual grain particles.
  • the apparatus of claim 6 including sifting means for separating the endosperm particles from the shell particles.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
US310031A 1962-09-27 1963-09-19 Process and apparatus for grinding cereal grains Expired - Lifetime US3226041A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL283721 1962-09-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3226041A true US3226041A (en) 1965-12-28

Family

ID=19754142

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US310031A Expired - Lifetime US3226041A (en) 1962-09-27 1963-09-19 Process and apparatus for grinding cereal grains

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3226041A (de)
AT (1) AT268022B (de)
BE (1) BE637942A (de)
CH (1) CH420803A (de)
DE (1) DE1211901B (de)
FR (1) FR1370351A (de)
GB (1) GB1050912A (de)
LU (1) LU44522A1 (de)
NL (1) NL283721A (de)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3430869A (en) * 1965-03-23 1969-03-04 Gen Mills Inc Milling process for rye
US3974968A (en) * 1974-12-26 1976-08-17 Ceballos Aquilera Ing Guillerm Process for the manufacture of sorghum flour
US5240733A (en) * 1987-06-18 1993-08-31 Tkac & Timm Enterprises, Limited Dietary fibre composition
US5387430A (en) * 1987-06-18 1995-02-07 Tkac & Timm Enterprises Limited By-product fractions from debranned wheat
CN102834177A (zh) * 2009-11-20 2012-12-19 肖邦技术公司 标准小麦粉的简化生产方法和设备
US8720804B1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2014-05-13 Alex Pearson Grinding method and system for producing particles of highly uniform sizes
US8783588B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2014-07-22 Applied Milling Systems, Inc. Recovery of aleurone-rich flour from bran
US20160143346A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2016-05-26 Mississipi State University Fiber separation from grains and grain products using electrostatic methods
RU2647916C2 (ru) * 2016-07-19 2018-03-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Вятская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" (ФГБОУ ВО Вятская ГСХА) Двухступенчатая плющилка зерна
US10322487B1 (en) 2016-07-15 2019-06-18 Pearson Incorporated Roller mill grinding apparatus with regenerative capability
US10751722B1 (en) 2018-10-24 2020-08-25 Pearson Incorporated System for processing cannabis crop materials
US10757860B1 (en) 2019-10-31 2020-09-01 Hemp Processing Solutions, LLC Stripper apparatus crop harvesting system
US10785906B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2020-09-29 Pearson Incorporated Plant processing system
US10807098B1 (en) 2017-07-26 2020-10-20 Pearson Incorporated Systems and methods for step grinding
US10913071B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2021-02-09 Pearson Incorporated Scalper apparatus and processing system
US10933424B1 (en) 2019-12-11 2021-03-02 Pearson Incorporated Grinding roll improvements
US11325133B1 (en) 2018-07-26 2022-05-10 Pearson Incorporated Systems and methods for monitoring the roll diameter and shock loads in a milling apparatus
CN115176601A (zh) * 2021-03-28 2022-10-14 北京联合大学 一种瓤类种子分离装置
US11938487B1 (en) * 2023-04-03 2024-03-26 John M. Morris Foam glass aggregate reduction machine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2660163B1 (fr) * 1990-03-28 1992-06-19 Noelle Services Sa Farine de lupin, son procede d'obtention et ses applications.
US9067213B2 (en) 2008-07-02 2015-06-30 Buhler Ag Method for producing flour and/or semolina

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1784762A (en) * 1930-03-29 1930-12-09 Hart Carter Co Process of and apparatus for milling flour
US2392365A (en) * 1942-05-11 1946-01-08 Pillsbury Mills Inc Milling process
US2464212A (en) * 1944-02-10 1949-03-15 Pillsbury Mills Inc Milling process for granular food crop products, including fling impacting in breaking and finishing operations

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT9178B (de) * 1901-11-28 1902-09-25 Nikolaus Kauten Mahlverfahren und Walzenstuhl zur Ausführung desselben.
FR719478A (fr) * 1931-06-27 1932-02-05 Schneider Procédé de mouture
GB625658A (en) * 1945-11-22 1949-07-01 Robert John Scott Carter Improvements in or relating to milling of cereal grain

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1784762A (en) * 1930-03-29 1930-12-09 Hart Carter Co Process of and apparatus for milling flour
US2392365A (en) * 1942-05-11 1946-01-08 Pillsbury Mills Inc Milling process
US2464212A (en) * 1944-02-10 1949-03-15 Pillsbury Mills Inc Milling process for granular food crop products, including fling impacting in breaking and finishing operations

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3430869A (en) * 1965-03-23 1969-03-04 Gen Mills Inc Milling process for rye
US3974968A (en) * 1974-12-26 1976-08-17 Ceballos Aquilera Ing Guillerm Process for the manufacture of sorghum flour
US5240733A (en) * 1987-06-18 1993-08-31 Tkac & Timm Enterprises, Limited Dietary fibre composition
US5387430A (en) * 1987-06-18 1995-02-07 Tkac & Timm Enterprises Limited By-product fractions from debranned wheat
CN102834177B (zh) * 2009-11-20 2015-11-25 肖邦技术公司 标准小麦粉的简化生产方法和设备
CN102834177A (zh) * 2009-11-20 2012-12-19 肖邦技术公司 标准小麦粉的简化生产方法和设备
US8720804B1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2014-05-13 Alex Pearson Grinding method and system for producing particles of highly uniform sizes
US8783588B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2014-07-22 Applied Milling Systems, Inc. Recovery of aleurone-rich flour from bran
US20160143346A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2016-05-26 Mississipi State University Fiber separation from grains and grain products using electrostatic methods
US10913071B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2021-02-09 Pearson Incorporated Scalper apparatus and processing system
US10322487B1 (en) 2016-07-15 2019-06-18 Pearson Incorporated Roller mill grinding apparatus with regenerative capability
RU2647916C2 (ru) * 2016-07-19 2018-03-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Вятская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" (ФГБОУ ВО Вятская ГСХА) Двухступенчатая плющилка зерна
US11534770B1 (en) 2017-07-26 2022-12-27 Pearson Incorporated Systems and methods for step grinding
US10807098B1 (en) 2017-07-26 2020-10-20 Pearson Incorporated Systems and methods for step grinding
US11325133B1 (en) 2018-07-26 2022-05-10 Pearson Incorporated Systems and methods for monitoring the roll diameter and shock loads in a milling apparatus
US10751722B1 (en) 2018-10-24 2020-08-25 Pearson Incorporated System for processing cannabis crop materials
US10785906B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2020-09-29 Pearson Incorporated Plant processing system
US10757860B1 (en) 2019-10-31 2020-09-01 Hemp Processing Solutions, LLC Stripper apparatus crop harvesting system
US11751507B1 (en) 2019-10-31 2023-09-12 Hemp Processing Solutions, LLC Crop harvesting system with plant stripping apparatus
US10933424B1 (en) 2019-12-11 2021-03-02 Pearson Incorporated Grinding roll improvements
US11077445B2 (en) 2019-12-11 2021-08-03 Pearson Incorporated Grinding roll improvements
US11826762B1 (en) 2019-12-11 2023-11-28 Pearson Incorporated Grinding roll improvements
CN115176601A (zh) * 2021-03-28 2022-10-14 北京联合大学 一种瓤类种子分离装置
CN115176601B (zh) * 2021-03-28 2023-04-25 北京联合大学 一种瓤类种子分离装置
US11938487B1 (en) * 2023-04-03 2024-03-26 John M. Morris Foam glass aggregate reduction machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1050912A (de) 1900-01-01
BE637942A (de)
AT268022B (de) 1969-01-27
CH420803A (de) 1966-09-15
FR1370351A (fr) 1964-08-21
NL283721A (de)
DE1211901B (de) 1966-03-03
LU44522A1 (de) 1964-03-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3226041A (en) Process and apparatus for grinding cereal grains
JP3743599B2 (ja) 製粉方法及び該製粉方法による製粉システム
US2464212A (en) Milling process for granular food crop products, including fling impacting in breaking and finishing operations
US3399839A (en) Dry milling corn process
CN104174460B (zh) 高精度全麦粉生产工艺与装置
CN103894260B (zh) 高效简化小麦制粉工艺和装置
KR20110038651A (ko) 가루 및/또는 세몰리나를 만드는 장치 및 방법
KR101842233B1 (ko) 처리 능력이 큰 분쇄기 및 미세 지분 제조 방법
CN107442210A (zh) 高效低温挤切粉碎小麦制粉工艺及制粉装置
CA2357147C (en) Corn milling process
US4094700A (en) Apparatus and process for the production of gluten and starch from wheat, rye, or barley
EP0994751B1 (de) Verfahren zum vermahlen von körnerfrüchten sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens
US5354002A (en) Double separator for sorting particulate material
JP6317392B2 (ja) 米粉製造装置
CA2357149C (en) Method for providing milling services
CN105685368A (zh) 一种生产大豆浓缩蛋白的方法
JP2007061813A (ja) 小麦全粒粉の製造方法
US3088827A (en) Method of milling corn to simulate rice
US2465828A (en) Method of making chocolate confectioneries
US2221802A (en) Process of milling wheat
EP1213054B1 (de) Verfahren zur Vermahlung von Mais
US2941730A (en) Flour milling process
Belderok et al. Milling of wheat
US3430869A (en) Milling process for rye
US2574948A (en) Rotary beater mill and classifier for producing sieve range sized chocolate products