US3220803A - Process and apparatus for modifying and determining the optimum volume of the operating reaction chamber in ovens employed for the production of acetylene from hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for modifying and determining the optimum volume of the operating reaction chamber in ovens employed for the production of acetylene from hydrocarbons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3220803A US3220803A US41197A US4119760A US3220803A US 3220803 A US3220803 A US 3220803A US 41197 A US41197 A US 41197A US 4119760 A US4119760 A US 4119760A US 3220803 A US3220803 A US 3220803A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- reaction chamber
- burner
- reaction
- chamber
- acetylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
- C07C2/78—Processes with partial combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/42—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor
- C07C5/48—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
- C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
- Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
- Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improvement in a process and apparatus for making acetylene, primarily, and also olefines such as ethylene, and also carbon, by the partial combustion by hydrocarbons. The emphasis herein is on increasing the yield of acetylene.
- the invention is an improvement in the processes described in the co-assigned copending US. applications of Giacomo Fauser, Serial No. 860,794, filed December 21, 1961, now abandoned; Serial No. 814,146, filed May 19, 1959, now US. Patent No. 3,140,323; and Serial No. 757,740, filed August 28, 1958.
- Acetylene is produced, in continuous processes, by partial combustion of hydrocarbons with an oxygen-containing substance or gas.
- the technique involves either injecting the hydrocarbons into a flame obtained by combustion of other hydrocarbons, or in mixing the hydrocarbon with the oxygen-containing substance, the latter being separately pre-heated, and in then igniting the mixture. In both cases, the reaction is halted by cooling with a jet of water, after the gases have remained in the reaction chamber a few hundredths of a second.
- reaction chamber when set up, has thus an optimum value only for a given quantity and quality of hydrocarbon, and for a given operating pressure and purity of the combustion supporting substance. This causes a limitation in the flexibility of the operating conditions of the oven, and a laborious investigation to determine the best sizes of the reaction chamber, for each set of standard conditions.
- the principal object of this invention is therefore improvement of the process and apparatus employed for producing acetylene by partial combustion of hydrocarbons.
- Another object is to obtain such improvement by varying the volume of the reaction chamber, even during the very operation of the process, by shifting the burning block or plate, in order to rapidly reach an optimum volume for each predetermined operating condition.
- Such condition is a composite of type and flow volume or velocity of hydrocarbon fed, the operating pressure, and the pre-heating temperature of the gases, as Well as others herein made obvious to persons skilled in the art.
- the shifting of the burning block or plate in respect to the fixed frame of the oven can comprise a simple translation, and preferably utilizes devices which do not adversely atfect the gas tightness. It is apparent that the process carried out according to the present invention permits a given oven to be rapidly adapted, even during operation, to various types of feeding hydrocarbons, such as methane, ethane, and light gasolines containing various percentages of hydrogen. This gives the ovens the characteristic of outstanding flexibility, which has great practical importance.
- FIG. 1 illustrates in FIG. 1 a preferred embodiment of an apparatus used to carry out the processes described above, and in the examples below.
- FIG. 2 shows a detail of FIG. 1.
- the numerals 4 designate the stuffing-boxes, 5 the supporting structure, 6 threaded shafts, 7 the clutches of the threaded shafts, 8 the burning block bolts, and 9 designates the shaft sprocket wheels.
- At 10 is the shaft and worm screw for rotating the two sprocket gears 9.
- the burning block is provided with the usual burner outlet grid 81.
- the block 80 is mounted upon the threaded standards 6 by means of the screw-threaded members 8 that mate with 6. When the standards are turned, the block 80 is raised or lowered along the gas inlet pipe 82.
- the volume of the reaction zone 2 is substantially defined between the burner head 81 and the lower edge of the Wall 20 of the reaction zone 2, but in practice may extend downwardly to the actual point of extinguishment of the flame or chilling of the reaction gases by the sprays of water indicated in the drawing. That point is designated 3 in the drawing.
- the synchronous rotations of the threaded shafts 6, obtained by rotating the shaft 10 and gears 9, allows the burning block 80 to be moved towards or away from the zone of rapid cooling, during the operation of the oven, thus varying the length of the reaction chamber 2.
- the gas tightness of the latter is maintained by the stuflingbox 4.
- the procedure employed in the manufacture of acetylene and olefines from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons comprises carrying out a partial combustion with oxygen at a temperature preferably higher than 1500 C., and then cooling or quenching the combustion products as quickly as possible, in order to prevent dissocation of the acetylene.
- the pressure is generally close to atmospheric, but as revealed in Serial No. 860,794, application of a pressure of two to six atmospheres has marked advantages.
- the quenching is usually carried out by spraying Water into the flame or exit gases. This is exemplified here. However, as revealed in Serial No.
- the natural gas, or other hydrocarbon, and oxygen can be separately pre-heated to about 520 C., or below, or together.
- Nm means cubic meters of the gas recalculated at 0 C. and 760 mm. of mercury.
- volume of the reaction zone is to be increased or decreased during the reaction depends upon whether it is the yield of acetylene that is to be increased, or that of other hydrocarbons such as ethylene, or of carbon. Such gas yields are readily determined by automatic and standard gas testing apparatus, while the process is in operation. In the specific examples given below the volume of the reaction zone is increased.
- Example 1 In an oven having a normal capacity of 2,000 Nm per hour of natural gas (98% CH the burning block was shifted in respect to the extinguishing zone 3 during the operation of the oven, while maintaining standard and conventional temperature and pressure operating conditions, but reducing, by about the volume of the reaction chamber in respect to what it Was before the application of the device. A 1.8% increase of the yield in C H per kg. of hydrocarbon is obtained.
- the volume of the reaction chamber 2 is increased by 5%.
- Example 2 This example is carried outv in the same oven. By shifting the burning block in respect to the extinguishing zone, during the operation, the C H yield was maintained at maximum value, in a flow range of 500 to 2,500 Nm /H of hydrocarbon, while increasing correspondingly the volume of the reaction chamber at a 126.3 ratio. This is a volume increase ratio.
- Example 3 This example is also carried out in the same oven, but with a flow 1,850 Nm /H of natural gas, and With lowering of the pre-heating temperature of the natural gas and oxygen from 520 to 280 C., and an increase of 8.5% in the quantity of oxygen. As a result, there was a 25 .4% decrease in the C H yield per kg. of hydrocarbon.
- Example 4 The oven employed had a nominal capacity of 800 kg./ H of light gasoline.
- the shifting of the burner block 80 which comprises the generator of the primary flame and the injection zone of the gasoline to be heated, in respect to the blowing-out zone as explained above, which shifting was carried out during the operation of the oven, resulted in maintenance of the acetylene yield at maximum value, in a flow range of the hydrocarbon of from 200 kg. to 800 kg./H, while increasing, correspondingly, the volume of the chamber located under the injection zone of the gasoline in a 1:55 ratio.
- Example 5 This example .is carried out in the oven of Example 4. Upon operating with a flow of 500 kg. per hour of gasoline, a decrease of about 4.5% of the acetylene yield was noted upon changing from a light paraffinic gasoline characterized by an 85% by weight content of carbon and 15% by weight of hydrogen to another type of light paraffinic gasoline characterized by an 84% by weight content of carbon and 16% by weight of hydrogen, while maintaining all other standard operating conditions unvaried. In a second time, when operating with the second type of gasoline, and leaving all operating conditions unvaried except increasing the volume of the reaction chamber by 8.1%, it was possible to increase the acetylene yield up to the same value obtained when using the first type of gasoline.
- An apparatus for partial combustion of a hydrocarbon with a free oxygen-containing gas to make an unsaturated hydrocarbon comprising a structure providing a reaction chamber, a mixing chamber upstream of said reaction chamber, a burner structure with a grid communicating with said mixing chamber and said reaction chamber, said burner structure axially movable within the reaction chamber, means for movably mounting the burner structure, gas sealing means between the burner structure and the reaction chamber structure, means for moving the burner structure axially in either direction within said reaction chamber, the burner structure and reaction chamber structure telescoping at least in part, the burner having outside wall surface closely adjacent to inner wall surface of the reaction chamber, so that movement of the burner within the reaction chamber substantially controls the volume of the reaction chamber and the mixing chamber, and conduit means for introducing a reaction quenching fluid at the outlet region of the reaction chamber to delimit the extent of the effective reaction zone.
- An apparatus for carrying out a controlled partial combustion of a hydrocarbon fluid comprising a reaction chamber structure, a mixing chamber structure upstream of said reaction chamber structure, and a burner block structure between said mixing chamber structure and said.
- reaction chamber structure the mixing chamber structure having provision for intake of the hydrocarbon fluid and free oxygen-containing gas
- the burner block structure and reaction chamber structure being mounted for axial displacement relative to each other, the burner block structure having a burner head with a grid in telescoping engagement with the inner wall of the reaction chamber, the burner block structure having outside wall surface closely adjacent to the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber, drive means for carrying out said displacement operable while the combustion is going on, means for introducing quenching fluid to halt the combustion at the outlet region of the combustion chamber.
- An apparatus for production of acetylene by a controlled partial combustion of a hydrocarbon fluid in a reaction chamber, and for halting the reaction by quenching the resulting hot reaction gases after the gases have been in the reaction chamber for a few hundredths of a second, to minimize dissociation of the acetylene comprising a reaction chamber structure, a mixing chamber structure upstream of said reaction chamber structure, and a burner block structure with a grid between said mixing chamber structure and said reaction chamber structure, the mixing chamber structure having provision for intake of the hydrocarbon fluid and free oxygen-containing gas, the burner block structure and reaction chamber structure being mounted for displacement relative to each other, drive means for carrying out said displacement operable while the combustion is going on, means for introducing quenching fluid to halt the combustion at the outlet region of the combustion chamber, said burner block structure and reaction chamber structure at least in part closely telescoping, one Within the other, so that said rela tive displacement modifies the volume of the reaction chamber-and the mixing chamber.
- An apparatus for making acetylene by partial combustion of a hydrocarbon with a free oxygen-containing gas comprising a structure providing a reaction chamber, a mixing chamber upstream of said reaction chamber, a burner structure with a grid communicating with said mixing chamber and said reaction chamber, said burner structure axially movable within the reaction chamber, conduit means for introducing the hydrocarbon and the oxygen-containing gas into the burner structure, the burner structure extending transversely across the reaction chamber, the burner block structure having outside Wall surface closely adjacent to the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber, means for movably mounting the burner structure, gas sealing means between the burner structure and the reaction chamber structure, means for moving the burner structure and outlet member in either axial direction Within said reaction chamber, so as to modify the volume of the reaction chamber and the mixing chamber, and conduit means for introducing a reaction quenching fluid at the outlet region of the reaction chamber to delimit the effective extent of the reaction chamber, so as to minimize dissociation of the acetylene.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT1137059 | 1959-07-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3220803A true US3220803A (en) | 1965-11-30 |
Family
ID=11135102
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US41197A Expired - Lifetime US3220803A (en) | 1959-07-08 | 1960-07-06 | Process and apparatus for modifying and determining the optimum volume of the operating reaction chamber in ovens employed for the production of acetylene from hydrocarbons |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3220803A (pt) |
CH (1) | CH410908A (pt) |
DE (1) | DE1259875B (pt) |
ES (1) | ES259481A1 (pt) |
FR (1) | FR1261785A (pt) |
GB (1) | GB930882A (pt) |
NL (1) | NL253164A (pt) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3516807A (en) * | 1966-04-06 | 1970-06-23 | Texas Instruments Inc | Apparatus for producing hydrogen gas by the partial oxidation of a carbonaceous fuel containing hydrogen |
US3607057A (en) * | 1968-05-23 | 1971-09-21 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Carbon black process and reactor |
US4570028A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-02-11 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Process for producing acetylene using a homogeneous mixture |
US5209893A (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-11 | Southwire Company | Adjustable burner insert and method of adjusting same |
US5411393A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1995-05-02 | Southwire Company | Premix burner for furnace with gas enrichment |
US5443799A (en) * | 1993-08-03 | 1995-08-22 | Orgral International Technologies Corporation | Process for the alkylation of olefins and apparatus for carrying out this process and others |
US6116893A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2000-09-12 | The Aerogen Company Limited | Burner assemblies |
WO2007025822A1 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2007-03-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | An apparatus for modifying the content of a gaseous fuel |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4422815A1 (de) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-01-04 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acetylen und Synthesegas |
US5824834A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1998-10-20 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of acetylene and synthesis gas |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1965771A (en) * | 1933-04-24 | 1934-07-10 | Groll Herbert Peter Augustus | Manufacture of acetylene |
US2353505A (en) * | 1940-12-31 | 1944-07-11 | Standard Oil Co | Catalytic conversion system |
US2418712A (en) * | 1943-03-01 | 1947-04-08 | Stewart Warner Corp | Altitude compensated internal-combustion air heater |
US2572338A (en) * | 1950-07-28 | 1951-10-23 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Autothermic cracking reactor |
US2805268A (en) * | 1951-08-30 | 1957-09-03 | Cunningham Frederick Corson | Method and apparatus for preserving products of gas reactions and for synthesis of acetylene |
US2848305A (en) * | 1954-06-12 | 1958-08-19 | Basf Ag | Apparatus for the production of acetylene by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons |
US2889209A (en) * | 1955-06-21 | 1959-06-02 | Union Carbide Corp | Partial oxidation reactor |
US2897062A (en) * | 1954-02-05 | 1959-07-28 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Gas reactor |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1009617B (de) * | 1954-07-15 | 1957-06-06 | Belge Produits Chimiques Sa | Vorrichtung zur Waermespaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
-
0
- NL NL253164D patent/NL253164A/xx unknown
-
1960
- 1960-07-04 GB GB23304/60A patent/GB930882A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-07-04 CH CH761860A patent/CH410908A/de unknown
- 1960-07-06 FR FR832183A patent/FR1261785A/fr not_active Expired
- 1960-07-06 US US41197A patent/US3220803A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1960-07-07 ES ES0259481A patent/ES259481A1/es not_active Expired
- 1960-07-07 DE DEM45857A patent/DE1259875B/de active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1965771A (en) * | 1933-04-24 | 1934-07-10 | Groll Herbert Peter Augustus | Manufacture of acetylene |
US2353505A (en) * | 1940-12-31 | 1944-07-11 | Standard Oil Co | Catalytic conversion system |
US2418712A (en) * | 1943-03-01 | 1947-04-08 | Stewart Warner Corp | Altitude compensated internal-combustion air heater |
US2572338A (en) * | 1950-07-28 | 1951-10-23 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Autothermic cracking reactor |
US2805268A (en) * | 1951-08-30 | 1957-09-03 | Cunningham Frederick Corson | Method and apparatus for preserving products of gas reactions and for synthesis of acetylene |
US2897062A (en) * | 1954-02-05 | 1959-07-28 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Gas reactor |
US2848305A (en) * | 1954-06-12 | 1958-08-19 | Basf Ag | Apparatus for the production of acetylene by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons |
US2889209A (en) * | 1955-06-21 | 1959-06-02 | Union Carbide Corp | Partial oxidation reactor |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3516807A (en) * | 1966-04-06 | 1970-06-23 | Texas Instruments Inc | Apparatus for producing hydrogen gas by the partial oxidation of a carbonaceous fuel containing hydrogen |
US3607057A (en) * | 1968-05-23 | 1971-09-21 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Carbon black process and reactor |
US4570028A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-02-11 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Process for producing acetylene using a homogeneous mixture |
US5209893A (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-11 | Southwire Company | Adjustable burner insert and method of adjusting same |
US5411393A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1995-05-02 | Southwire Company | Premix burner for furnace with gas enrichment |
US5443799A (en) * | 1993-08-03 | 1995-08-22 | Orgral International Technologies Corporation | Process for the alkylation of olefins and apparatus for carrying out this process and others |
US5777189A (en) * | 1993-08-03 | 1998-07-07 | Orgral International Technologies Corporation | Process for the alkylation of olefins |
US6116893A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2000-09-12 | The Aerogen Company Limited | Burner assemblies |
WO2007025822A1 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2007-03-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | An apparatus for modifying the content of a gaseous fuel |
US20090249793A1 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2009-10-08 | Ulf Nilsson | Apparatus for Modifying the Content of a Gaseous Fuel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH410908A (de) | 1966-04-15 |
DE1259875B (de) | 1968-02-01 |
NL253164A (pt) | |
ES259481A1 (es) | 1961-01-01 |
FR1261785A (fr) | 1961-05-19 |
GB930882A (en) | 1963-07-10 |
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