Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/92—Sulfobetaines ; Sulfitobetaines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/43—Solvents
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
  • Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
  • Y10S516/03—Organic sulfoxy compound containing
  • Y10S516/05—Organic amine, amide, or n-base containing

Definitions

• the quantity and persistence of suds are very important in a light duty liquid detergent which will 'be used for dishwashing and the like.
• the user is accustomed to gauging the detergency capacity of a washing solution by the amount of suds present and will very likely be misled if the suds do not persist for a reasonable period of time.
• An ideal liquid detergent composition is clear and colorless, permitting the formulation of a wide variety of opaque, clear, colorless, and colored detergents.
• the most common suds builders for such products are fatty acid amides, which tend to color the product yellow.
• An ideal liquid detergent is also one where the major ingredients are highly compatible with each other so that only a minimum amount of solubilizing agent is needed to keep the detergent in a single phase, yet many detergent surface active agents and suds builders are not unlimitedly soluble in water, especially in combination with each other.
• Products containing fatty acid amides are especially subject to phase separation as a result of exposure to low temperatures (poor freeze resistance) and therefore require considerable amounts of a solubilizing agent such as ethyl alcohol or sodium toluene sulfonate.
• a solubilizing agent such as ethyl alcohol or sodium toluene sulfonate.
• the ideal liquid detergent weould be suitable for effective and high sudsing use with all kinds of soil and wash water, including acidic soil and wash water.
• the unbuilt, high-sudsing, light-duty liquid detergent compositions of this invention consist essentially of: (1) from about to about 35% by weight of the composition of a sulfate detergent surfactant having the following formula wherein R is a straight chain alkyl group having from.
• a viscosity control agent such as either potassium, sodium, or ammonium toluene sulfonate or potassium, sodium or ammonium xylene sulfonate, and mixtures thereof; perfume; opacifiers; and coloring can be added if desired but are not necessary.
• the composition is not a stable, single-phase system.
• this ratio is more than about 6/1, the suds building ability of the primary sultaine is not adequately realized.
• the total amount of both sulfate detergent surfactant and primary sultaine should not be more than about 40% by weight of the composition in order to insure formation of a stable, single-phase system; but the total amount should be more than about 20% by weight of the composition to provide sufiicient suds and detergency.
• the concentration range of the sulfate detergent agent is set at the lower limit of 15% by weight of the composition by sudsing considerations and at the upper limit of 35% by weight of the composition by viscosity consideratrons. At lower levels the quantity of suds is drastically reduced and at higher levels the products is no longer pourable.
• Both the sulfate detergent and the primary sultaine have certain requirementsas to structure.
• the alkyl chain lengths in both should not be less than ten carbon atoms since compounds having shorter chain lengths give reduced detergency. Similarly, the alkyl chain lengths should not be greater than 14 since compounds having longer chain lengths produce reduced quantities of suds.
• the requirement that at least of the alkyl chains in both of the compounds contain 12 carbon atoms is determined by the above considerations of sudsing and detergency since this is the optimum chain length.
• a desirable alkyl chain length distribution is obtained from the middle out of distilled coconut fatty alcohol as more fully described in Example I.
• a sulfate detergent containing no ethylene oxide groups is an effective detergent and sudser, but is not quite as mild as a. sulfate detergent surfactant containing these groups. However, a sulfate detergent with more than about four ethylene oxide groups in the molecule has substantially reduced sudsing capacity.
• the preferred sulfate detergent surfactant contains an average of three ethylene oxide groups per molecule. In general, all of the compositions of this invention are mild when applied to human skin.
• the swltones used in preparing the primary sultaines of this invention contain carbon chains of either three or four carbon atoms and have the following general formula:
• R is a carbon chain of either four or three carbon atoms.
• Su-ltones with less than three carbon atoms are not available and reaction products prepared with sultones having more than four carbon atoms are less effective with respect to suds building ability both as to quantity and stability, but primarily with respect to quantity.
• the preparation of such reaction products can be accomplished by reacting equimolar quantities of the primary amine and the sultone in acetone while refluxing at the boiling point of acetone. The precipitate which forms can then be recrystallized from acetone if desired.
• the structure of this reaction product is not known and consequently the product can only be described in terms of the reaction.
• the finished detergent compositions of this invention require the addition of a solubilizing agent to prevent phase separation Although much less solubilizer is needed in the compositions of this invention than in those which use an amide suds builder, still at least about 10% of the solubilizing agent is necessary. Too much solubilizing agent would be costly and might adversely affect viscosity, so that preferably only enough solubilizing agent is included in the composition to keep the composition in a pourable single phase under conditions of use, but not more than about 25% by weight of the composition.
• various minor ingredients including perfume, viscosity control agents, opacifiers, and coloring can be added.
• Inert materials such as water-soluble inorganic salts may also be present in amounts up to about 12% by weight of the composition, generally as impurities from the various other ingredients or as opacifier stabilizers.
• Potassium toluene sulfonate as a viscosity control agent, is a desirable minor additive in amounts up to It increases the viscosity of the compositions.
• sirable additives include opacifiers such as ethylene glycol distearate or polystyrene in amounts up to about 3% by weight of the composition.
• compositions of this invention need not contain conventional suds builders such as fatty acid amides.
• the superior sudsing ability of these compositions makes it unnecessary to have such suds builders present, which results in cost advantages and simplified formulation.
• compositions of this invention have better odor Other de-' product of a primary amine having a carbon chain length distribution of C10, C12, C14, and C16, and a propane sultone, the primary sultaine being prepared by reacting equimolar quantities of amine and sultone in acetone solution while refluxing at the boiling point of acetone, and recrystallizing the resulting precipitate from acetone.
• Each composition also contained 10% ethyl alcohol. Diiferent detergent surfactants were added to these compositions in varying amounts.
• Detergent surfactant A was the ammonium salt of the su-lf ated condensation product of middle-cut coconut alcohol, containing approximately 2% C 66% C 23% C and 9% C of alkyl groups, with three moles of ethylene oxide (NH AE S).
• Detergent surfactant B was the sodium salt of tetrapropylene benzene sulfonate (NaABS)
• Detergent surfiactant C was the sodium salt of the sulfated condensation product of A (NaAE S).
• Detergent surfactant D was the ammonium salt of the sulf-ated condensation product of tetnapropylene phenol and four moles of ethylene oxide (NH APE S). The balance of each composition was water. All percentages contained herein are by weight of the composition.
• compositions of this invention are not distinguished from compositions outside the scope of the invention by virtue of being the only operable combinations, but uather by the exceptional improvement in performance effected by the compositions of this invention.
• compositions of this invention have improved freeze resistance as compared with compositions containing amides.
• Example I The following compositions (with the exception of As can be seen from the performance of these compositions neither all primary sultaine (Composition 1) nor all alkyl ethylene oxide sulfate (Composition '9) forms a good sudsing product when used alone, but when these materials are used together as in Compositions 6 Composition 9) contained varying amounts of the reaction outstanding liquid products of this invention.
• opacifiers such as ethylene glycol distearate, and/or as much as 5% of either sodium, potassium, or ammonium toluene sulfonate or sodium, potassium, or ammonium Xylene sulfonate, and mixtures thereof (as viscosity control agents) are added to the Compositions 6 and 8, substantially equivalent results are obtained.
• alkyl sulfates and alkyl ethylene oxide sulfates having different numbers of ethylene oxide groups, on the average, in the molecule are substituted for the alkyl ethylene oxide sulfates of Compositions 6 and 8, substantially equivalent results are obtained.
• a high-sudsing, light-duty liquid detergent composition consisting essentially of (1) from about 15% to about 35% by weight of the composition of a sulfate detergent having the following formula wherein R represents straight chain alkyl groups having from about to about 14 carbon atoms with at least 50% of said alkyl groups having 12 carbon atoms, x is a number from 0 to about 4, and Me is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, and triethanol ammonium cations; (2) from about 3% to about 8% by weight of the composition of the reaction product of a primary amine having a straight chain alkyl group having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms with at least 50% of said alkyl groups having 12 carbon atoms and a sultone having from 3 to 4 carbon atoms, said reaction product corresponding to that prepared by reacting equimolar quantities of said amine and said sultone in acetone solution While refluxing at the boiling point of acetone; (3) from about 10% to about 25% of a solub
• composition of claim 1 containing, as an additional ingredient, a viscosity control agent selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and ammonium toluene sulfonates, sodium, potassium, and ammonium Xylene sulfonates, and mixtures thereof in an amount up to about five percent by weight of the composition.
• a viscosity control agent selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and ammonium toluene sulfonates, sodium, potassium, and ammonium Xylene sulfonates, and mixtures thereof in an amount up to about five percent by weight of the composition.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the sulfate detergent is the ammonium salt of the sulfated condensation product of one mole of middle-cut coconut alcohol and three moles of ethylene oxide.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 0
  • NL NL286286D patent/NL286286A/xx unknown
• 1961
  • 1961-12-15 US US159770A patent/US3211661A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1962
  • 1962-12-17 GB GB47511/62A patent/GB990696A/en not_active Expired
• 1964
  • 1964-11-09 BE BE655485D patent/BE655485A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (6)

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