US3210188A - Method of producing printing forms for intaglio printing - Google Patents

Method of producing printing forms for intaglio printing Download PDF

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US3210188A
US3210188A US171459A US17145962A US3210188A US 3210188 A US3210188 A US 3210188A US 171459 A US171459 A US 171459A US 17145962 A US17145962 A US 17145962A US 3210188 A US3210188 A US 3210188A
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screen
printing
diapositive
intaglio
line
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Gorig Josef
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F5/00—Screening processes; Screens therefor
    • G03F5/20—Screening processes; Screens therefor using screens for gravure printing

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  • the present invention relates to a process of producing printing forms for intaglio printing and more particularly to further improvements in the process as described and claimed in my copending application, Serial No. 72,410, filed on November 29, 1960, and entitled Intaglio Printing Screen for superimposing With Autotypy Screen Positives in the Production of Etchings for Autotypical Intaglio Printing.
  • the image to be printed is generally etched or engraved into the printing form so as to be recessed therein.
  • the tone values which are etched into the printing form are permeated during the etching by the intaglio screen network.
  • the intaglio screen is required in the printing forms in order to produce the so-called doctor bars or webs which are necessary for guiding the doctor.
  • the image to be printed consists of cells of an equal size forming ink wells which are etched into the copper to different depths in accordance with the tone values of the diapositive and are separated from each other by the raised doctor Webs.
  • etchings according to originals can be carried out only under considerable difficulties which are caused first by the fact that it is not possible to print proofs of the partial colors as simply and correctly as it is possible, for example, in offset printing, in order to check them for the accuracy of their tone values, and, second, by the fact that during the etching process the tone values of the originals may become considerably displaced and falsified.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a full tone, that is, a surface which is uniformly colored and has a tone value of 100.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the reproduction of such a full tone in an intaglio printing form in which the full-tone surface is permeated by the lines of an intaglio screen which has a linear ratio between white and black of 1:2.5. Seen as a surface, the lineation amounts to 49% of the entire surface area of the screen.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a screen diapositive forming the reproduction of a so-called neutral or greywedge, that is, of a tone value extending from light-grey to black of an autotypy screen.
  • the tone value therefore ranges in this case from 1 in the upper part of this drawing to in the lower part.
  • FIGURE 4 shows the same tone value ranging from light-grey to black, but changed by an intaglio screen according to FIGURE 2 to form a screen positive for the variable-surface method.
  • an intaglio contact screen is used with a ratio between white and black of 1 to 2.5.
  • a comparison of FIGURE 4 With the autotypy screen according to FIGURE 3 shows that the surface area of the printing elements of the screen positive according to FIGURE 4 amounts to slightly more than 50%, so that the' range of the tone values extends from about 1 to 50.
  • FIGURE 5 is a similar illustration of the gradually changing tone values but with the use of a finer intaglio contact screen with a linear ratio between black and white of 1:3. The range of the tone value of the screen positive then amounts to slightly more than 1 to 50.
  • FIGURE 6 shows the reproduction of the same gradually changing tone value in an autotypy screen positive according to the so-called Dultgen method, in which the range of the tone value only extends to a checkerboard pattern and also amounts only to 1 to 50.
  • the screen diapositive should have a full tone value range from 1 to 100. This range is necessary since the screen elements are reproduced in the offset plate only in two dimensions, whereas in the intaglio etching the same screen elements have three dimensions so that the amount of ink in the ink wells of each screen element is proportionally greater, and a proof of the tone values would be much too strong if the screen diapositive, possibly after having been retouched, would be transferred to the intaglio printing cylinder without change with a tone-value range of 1 to 100.
  • the tone value would in this case not need to have a range of more than 1 to 50.
  • Screen diapositives with such a low range of tone value are, however, inadequate for proofs in the offset process for the reasons as previously mentioned.
  • the etching must have a certain depth in order to attain a print of a sufficient color strength.
  • the present invention provides that the screen diapositives are prepared in a manner so as to have a range of tone values which suffices for attaining proofs of correct tone values by the offset method and that, While the screen diapositives are transferred to the intaglio printing form, a screen is superimposed thereon which has a transparent component amounting to no more than two thirds of the screen surface and preferably amounting to about 30 to 60% thereof.
  • FIGURE 7 shows the autotypy'screen diapositive according to FIGURE 3 on which a one-line screen is superimposed which has a ratio between white and black of 1:1.
  • the image elements which are etched into the printing form are shown in black in the drawing which also shows at the outer edges thereof the structure of the one-line screen.
  • either the corn ventional autotypy screens or contact screens with checkerboardlike screen elements may be employed.
  • Contact screens of the type as illustrated in FIGURE 8 have also proved very satisfactory.
  • the screen elements are in this case of an elongated or rodlike shape.
  • the screen positives which are made with such screen elements have a shape as shown in FIGURE 9.
  • This screen shape when applied for producing intaglio printing forms has the advantage over the autotypy screen that the rodlike screen elements are broken up into dots by the superimposed screen according to FIGURE 7. If, for example, each rod-shaped screen element has a length of 1 mm. and if a screen with 120 lines per cm. is superimposed thereon, three screen dots will be attained per each rod-shaped screen element.
  • a line screen is employed for breaking up the image, that is, for reproducing the tone value of the original when producing the diapositive, and the diapositives which then contains the tone values in the form of the line screen is, preferably after being retouched, transferred in a conventional manner upon a light-sensitive material in which it is crossed by a line screen.
  • a picture is taken of the original by means of a line screen, the lines of which extend at an angle of 45, and this screen diapositive is then superimposed during the transfer upon the printing form by a second line screen, the lines of which extend at an angle of 135.
  • This may be done, for example, by retouching the diapositive with the 45 screen lines in an offset process in accordance with the offset proof so that the individual line screen diapositives of the difierent partial colors will be retouched so as. to have the correct tone values, whereupon the second line screen with the lines extending at an angle of 135 is superimposed, for example, in the so-called carbon tissue, upon the respective line screen diapositive during the transfer of the latter to the printing cylinder.
  • Line screen reproductions may be produced in the following manner:
  • the tone values of an original may be reproduced by line screens by means of a clich engraving machine of a known design. This machine also permits the If line screen reproductions are produced by means of clich automats, it is advisable to cut the engraving into a photographic layer which is blackened by development either before or after the engraving is made. After a proof is made of the line screen reproduction, it is thus possible to carry out in the conventional manner any corrections of the tone values as may be necessary in the original engravings by means of farmers reducer.
  • a line contact screen appears to be of special advantage for reproducing the correct tone values.
  • Contact screens as such consist of a film with black lines on a transparent base and a tint which gradually diminishes from these lines toward the transparent center. They are called contact screens because they are applied directly upon the light-sensitive layer, for example, between the negative made from the original and the photographic material.
  • Such contact screens are commonly employed for autotypy screen reproductions, for book printing, and for oifset printing, as well as for intaglio printing for carrying out the so-called variable surface method.
  • Line contact screens have so far not been known and prior to this invention there was also no need for them for carrying out book printing, offset printing, and intaglio printing according to the known methods.
  • the possibility of employing line contact screens constitutes an important improvement in the art.
  • a further embodiment of the invention for producing printing forms for intaglio printing consists in taking two line screen photographs of each partial color image in such a manner that, when the two photographs are superimposed upon each other, the lines thereof cross each other.
  • One photograph is taken, for example, so that the screen lines extend at an angle of 45, while the other photograph is taken with the screen lines extending at an angle of While the photograph with the 45 lines is retouched and used for producing the offset proof, the photograph with the 135 lines may remain unretouched since it is only required for forming the doctor bars or webs which are necessary in the printing form.
  • the line screen positives with the angles of, for example, 45 and 135 are successively copied upon the carbon tissue.
  • a printing form which is made in this manner is similar to a printing form for which the screen positive has been made by means of a cross screen for the variable-surface method.
  • the two kinds of printing forms differ, however, by the fact that in the variable-surface method the screen points have straight sides, while those in the above-mentioned example are curved or bent in accordance with the course of the lines of the two line screen positives which are copied upon each other.
  • FIGURE 10 shows a section of a line screen positive which has been produced according to the invention
  • FIGURE 11 shows the carbon tissue copy of this line screen positive
  • FIGURE 12 shows this carbon tissue copy after the second line screen has been copied thereon at an angle of 135
  • FIGURE 13 shows the carbon tissue copy according to FIGURE 12 after being transferred to the printing cylinder
  • FIGURE 14 shows the etched image according to FIGURE 13 on the printing cylinder.
  • a line screen diapositive of a partial color image according to FIGURE is first made of the original to be reproduced.
  • a proof may then be made, for example, by the offset method, of this diapositive as well as of the line screen diapositives of the other partial color images.
  • This proof may be used as a basis for retouching the diapositives.
  • a copy of each line screen positive is made in the usual manner on carbon tissue, as shown in FIGURE 11, in which the black lines indicate exposed gelatine and the white lines indicate unexposed gelatine.
  • the line screen is then copied over this carbon tissue copy so that the image structure according to FIGURE 12 is attained.
  • This carbon tissue copy which is provided with the two line screens is then transferred to the printing cylinder and the unexposed gelatine is washed out so that the copy then has the appearance as shown in FIGURE 13, in which the black lines indicate hardened gelatine and the white areas the unexposed parts of the surface of the intaglio printing cylinder.
  • the printing cylinder shows the image in accordance with FIGURE 14 which illustrates that the size of the color values is determined by the lines which are of an irregular width and extend at an angle of 135, while the webs of an equal width which extend at an angle of 45 serve as doctor guides and limit the intermediate ink wells in their position.
  • aline contact screen according to FIGURE 15 is employed in place of a normal line screen for breaking up the image or for reproducing the tone values.
  • this line contact screen the line-shaped areas between the black lines have a shading which gradually decreases in strength from these lines toward the center Where only a narrow transparent line remains.
  • FIGURES 16 to 19 For the further embodiment of the invention as illustrated in FIGURES 16 to 19, two photographs are taken for each printing form by means of a line screen with an angular osition of 45 and a line screen with an angular position of 135.
  • only one diapositive, for example, according to FIGURE 16 is then retouched and used for making proofs.
  • the two positives are then copied upon each other in the carbon tissue in the manner as illustrated in FIGURE 18.
  • the black line-s again indicate exposed areas and the white areas unexposed gelatine.
  • This carbon tissue copy according to FIGURE 18 then results in the etching on the printing cylinder as shown in FIGURE 19.
  • This last-mentioned embodiment of the invention has the advantage over the other embodiments that, because of the employment of line screens in place of cross screens for taking the photographs and for copying-over, only one angular position together with its complement which is 90 larger, that is, in the particular examples as described the angles of 45 and 135, are required, whereas when employing cross screens for splitting up the image as well as for superimposing the screens which form the doctor webs, each two angular positions are required which differ, for example, by 90 from each other so that in superimposing, an angular displacement of at least 15 must be carried out. This necessity is avoided in the present embodiment of the invention so that the danger of a moir formation is still further reduced or prevented entirely.
  • the ratio between the transparent part to the opaque part of the line screens as applied may be varied considerably in accordance with the requirement-s in each particular case.
  • the ratio between white and black of the line screen in which the copy is traversed by the line screen positive may also amount to 1:1 or 1:4, rather than 1:3 as previously mentioned.
  • the line screen positive and the line screen crossing the same have the same number of lines.
  • the line screen positive may have 60 lines per cm., while the intaglio line screen has lines per cm., or vice versa.
  • the lines of the line screen also do not have to be straight but they may be wavy or in some cases even be broken but not interrupted entirely but so as to extend through the entire length thereof.
  • the line screen which crosses the line screen positive may already be copied into the negative during the recopying.
  • the above description relates to the manner of carrying out the basic concept of the invention and to the different embodiments thereof While applying the usual processes of reproduction, that is, the production of the partial color images by means of a photographic camera, the production by photographic means of the screen di-apositive of the negative as attained by the photograph, the transfer of the screen diapositive, possibly after retouching for the correction of the tone values, to the light-sensitive mate-rial of the so-called carbon tissue and the superimposition thereon of the sec-0nd screen which reduces the transparent component in this carbon tissue or in the transfer to the printing cylinder, and the production of the screen image in the printing form, that is, for example, on the copper intaglio printing cylinder by chemical etching.
  • Printing forms for intaglio printing may, however, also be produced by clich engraving machines by electromagnetic means by scanning an original photoelectrically. Such methods are described, for example, in the published German patent applications of Hell, DAS 1,004,923 and DAS 1,004,877.
  • a screen positive is first prepared either by photolithographic means or electrornagnetically by a clich engraving machine. After a proof is made and possibly also a correction of the tone value is carried out, this screen positive is transferred to the printing form by the electromagnetic or electronic means of one of the known apparatus, whereby the range of the tone values is reduced to the desired extent. This is preferably done by photoelectrically scanning only a certain part of the existing screen elements in the screen positive and by engraving the same electromagnetically into the printing form.
  • the screen elements are then superimposed according to the invention by a screen which has a transparent component amounting to no more than about twothirds of the area of the screen surface and preferably to about 30 to 60% thereof.
  • the printing form which are thus attained therefore correspond to those previously proposed by the inventor and especially those according to the present invention.
  • the transverse feed of the scanning and engraving system should be shifted by a multiple of the width of the scanning head and engraving tool so that the system will not again be switched on until a certain distance has been left free which corresponds to the white stripe in FIGURE 21 which extends at an angle of 135, whereupon the width of the next hatched stripe is scanned.
  • This transverse feed of the scanning and engraving system should be adjusted so that the unscanned white stripes extending in FIGURE 21 at an angle of 135 practically produce a reduction of the range of the tone value to no more than about two thirds, preferably to 60% of the full value.
  • the black areas indicate the intersecting of the scanning head with the opaque lines of the screen positive, and these black areas form those parts of the original which are engraved into the printing form, as indicated in FIGURE 22.
  • the tone values of the screen positive according to FIGURE 20 are made lighter in the printing form according to FIGURE 22 by about 50% and this printing form therefore equals one as produced photochemically according to the invention.
  • the degree of lightening up the tone values may, of course, also be varied in this case by varying the distance between the individual lines to be scanned.
  • the fineness of the screen lines extending in the transverse direction as produced electromechanically or electronically as compared with the lines of the screen negative is determined by the width of the engraving tool.
  • doctor bar forming screen configuration has a doctor bar forming area amounting to no more than twothirds of the total printing surface area
  • the steps comprising (a) making a separate screened diapositive from each separation, each diapositive having the full range of tone values present in the original for making an offset proof from that diapositive,
  • step (e) comprises forming on the printing surface a doctor bar forming screen configuration in which the doctor bar forming area amounts to between 30 and 60% of the surface area of the doctor bar forming screen used to produce this configuration.
  • step (e) embodies the formation of a doctor bar forming line screen configuration having a ratio of doctor bar forming area to printing area which is between the range of lz l and 1:2.
  • step (a) includes the making of a screen diapositive from the original through a contact vignette screen having a screen formation of rod-shaped opaque screen elements arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
  • step (21) includes the making of two diapositives from the original through line screens, with the lines in the screen used to make one diapositive being arranged at an angle with respect to the lines of the screen used to make the other diapositive, and wherein said one diapositive is used for steps (-b) and (c), and wherein step ⁇ (d) includes the transferring of the configuration of both said one diapositive and said other diapositive, in superimposed relation, onto the printing surface to be relieved.
  • step (a) is performed by using a line screen having opaque lines formed as areas of gradually increasing transparency, and in which such screen is used as a contact screen in the making of each separate screened diapositive.
  • step (a) includes the making of screened diapositives in which the opaque component of the screen is larger than the transparent component thereof.
  • step (d) comprises transferring the configuration of the retouched screened diapositive resulting from steps (a), (b) and (c) onto said printing surface by means of an electrical engraving device in which the range of the tone values is modified to reduce the tone values by a predetermined amount.
  • a method as defined in claim 12 in which the screened diapositive is formed by exposure through a line screen to cause the tone values thereof to appear in the form of continuous but separated lines, and wherein the transfer-ring of the configuration of the screened diapositive onto the printing surface is performed by scanning such screened diapositive at an angle of approximately 90 with respect to the lines of the screened diapositive.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
US171459A 1961-02-08 1962-02-06 Method of producing printing forms for intaglio printing Expired - Lifetime US3210188A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEG0031550 1961-02-08
DEG0032654 1961-07-04
DEG33538A DE1242098B (de) 1961-02-08 1961-11-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Druckformen fuer den Rakeltiefdruck
DEG33781A DE1295370B (de) 1961-02-08 1961-12-08 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Druckformen fuer den Rakeltiefdruck

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US3210188A true US3210188A (en) 1965-10-05

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US (1) US3210188A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE613553A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH398314A (en:Method)
DE (2) DE1242098B (en:Method)
GB (1) GB993694A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL274574A (en:Method)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004923A (en) * 1973-11-02 1977-01-25 American Hoechst Corporation Method of using a test film to measure developer activity
US4324179A (en) * 1976-09-24 1982-04-13 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Method of proof-printing in gravure printing
US4544940A (en) * 1983-01-14 1985-10-01 General Motors Corporation Method for more uniformly spacing features in a lateral bipolar transistor
US4586243A (en) * 1983-01-14 1986-05-06 General Motors Corporation Method for more uniformly spacing features in a semiconductor monolithic integrated circuit

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2805874C3 (de) * 1978-02-11 1987-04-16 Thomas E. Fausel Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Tiefdruckform
GB2128769A (en) * 1982-10-14 1984-05-02 Unilever Plc Lithographic printing plate

Citations (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US591653A (en) * 1897-10-12 Half-tone screen
GB190316447A (en) * 1903-07-25 1903-12-17 Theodor Dittmann Improvements in the Production of Process Blocks.
US1307824A (en) * 1919-06-24 Half tone negatives
US1375659A (en) * 1914-02-26 1921-04-19 Illig Heinrich Screen
US1460744A (en) * 1921-03-15 1923-07-03 Boysen Iwer Method of taking pictures
US1919481A (en) * 1931-10-03 1933-07-25 Multigraph Co Photographic screen
GB421529A (en) * 1932-03-22 1934-12-17 Rinco A G Improvements in or relating to the production of printing forms for intaglio printing
US2010042A (en) * 1931-11-09 1935-08-06 Oxford Varnish Corp Method of making a printing member
US2126479A (en) * 1936-04-02 1938-08-09 Photostat Corp Photographic apparatus
US2159588A (en) * 1935-04-02 1939-05-23 Firm Bekk & Kaulen Chem Fab G Process for the photomechanical manufacture of printing forms for intaglio printing
US2183204A (en) * 1937-05-29 1939-12-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electro-optical system
GB770864A (en) * 1950-02-08 1957-03-27 Mccorquodale & Company Ltd Improvements in photomechanical reproduction
US2811444A (en) * 1953-01-16 1957-10-29 Francis E Wattier Printing plate construction
US3085878A (en) * 1958-09-29 1963-04-16 Rochester Inst Tech Half-tone screen for color separation

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1307824A (en) * 1919-06-24 Half tone negatives
US591653A (en) * 1897-10-12 Half-tone screen
GB190316447A (en) * 1903-07-25 1903-12-17 Theodor Dittmann Improvements in the Production of Process Blocks.
US1375659A (en) * 1914-02-26 1921-04-19 Illig Heinrich Screen
US1460744A (en) * 1921-03-15 1923-07-03 Boysen Iwer Method of taking pictures
US1919481A (en) * 1931-10-03 1933-07-25 Multigraph Co Photographic screen
US2039195A (en) * 1931-11-09 1936-04-28 Oxford Varnish Corp Printing member
US2010042A (en) * 1931-11-09 1935-08-06 Oxford Varnish Corp Method of making a printing member
GB421529A (en) * 1932-03-22 1934-12-17 Rinco A G Improvements in or relating to the production of printing forms for intaglio printing
US2159588A (en) * 1935-04-02 1939-05-23 Firm Bekk & Kaulen Chem Fab G Process for the photomechanical manufacture of printing forms for intaglio printing
US2126479A (en) * 1936-04-02 1938-08-09 Photostat Corp Photographic apparatus
US2183204A (en) * 1937-05-29 1939-12-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electro-optical system
GB770864A (en) * 1950-02-08 1957-03-27 Mccorquodale & Company Ltd Improvements in photomechanical reproduction
US2811444A (en) * 1953-01-16 1957-10-29 Francis E Wattier Printing plate construction
US3085878A (en) * 1958-09-29 1963-04-16 Rochester Inst Tech Half-tone screen for color separation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004923A (en) * 1973-11-02 1977-01-25 American Hoechst Corporation Method of using a test film to measure developer activity
US4324179A (en) * 1976-09-24 1982-04-13 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Method of proof-printing in gravure printing
US4544940A (en) * 1983-01-14 1985-10-01 General Motors Corporation Method for more uniformly spacing features in a lateral bipolar transistor
US4586243A (en) * 1983-01-14 1986-05-06 General Motors Corporation Method for more uniformly spacing features in a semiconductor monolithic integrated circuit

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Publication number Publication date
DE1242098B (de) 1967-06-08
BE613553A (fr) 1962-05-29
CH398314A (de) 1966-03-15
DE1295370B (de) 1969-05-14
NL274574A (en:Method)
GB993694A (en) 1965-06-02

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