US3205817A - Land mine - Google Patents

Land mine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3205817A
US3205817A US190831A US19083162A US3205817A US 3205817 A US3205817 A US 3205817A US 190831 A US190831 A US 190831A US 19083162 A US19083162 A US 19083162A US 3205817 A US3205817 A US 3205817A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mine
pressure
pin
web
lid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US190831A
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English (en)
Inventor
Madlener Paul
Pecksen Otto
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of US3205817A publication Critical patent/US3205817A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B23/00—Land mines ; Land torpedoes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
    • F42B39/20—Packages or ammunition having valves for pressure-equalising; Packages or ammunition having plugs for pressure release, e.g. meltable ; Blow-out panels; Venting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C14/00—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
    • F42C14/08—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for land mines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C7/00—Fuzes actuated by application of a predetermined mechanical force, e.g. tension, torsion, pressure
    • F42C7/02—Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person
    • F42C7/04—Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a land mine to be dropped from airplanes, moving tanks, or the like.
  • This mine has a safety device which is operative before the ignition setting of the iiring pin igniter and has an actuating element which is swivel-mounted, which actuating element cornpletes an idle motion if contacted by detonation waves, especially of a nuclear type, while it actuates the tiring pin when contacted in an oblique manner.
  • Land mines are normally planted by hand with the utmost caution.
  • the mines, the respective igniters andthe detonating caps are transported separately to the location where they are to be used and onlythere, the detonating caps and the igniters are attached to the mine.
  • Each mine is buried at a certain depth and is camouaged. After this, the safety catch of the igniter is released and the mine will respond to a predetermined pressure.
  • This pressure may be achieved by a vehicle moving over the mine as well as by detonation waves. Numerous attempts have been made to prevent this latter, unwanted actuation by building the impact elements, i.e. the pressure lid, as small as possible. Another attempt was made to keep the distance between the actuating element and the igniter top so large that by impact the duration of the pressure would not be sufficient to overcome the force of inertia to travel this distance. A further attempt was made to eliminate this disadvantage by using an elastic deformation link between the actuating element and the igniter which link would absorb the first shock and act as a brake. Another possibility is to insert a pneumatic equalizing pressure cushion; this cushion will resist a transient shock, but will break under constant pressure.
  • the mines are to be dropped from a helicopter or from a moving vehicle and, therefore, it is to be expected that in the known art the actuating element would be released by the impact of the mines falling to the ground and further, that they would be planted irregularly or at short distances from one another which would favor a transmission of detonations;
  • the mines are brought abroad with the detonating caps and igniters already inserted. However, they have to be constructed in such a manner that the igniter is properly secured and that this safety device can be removed in one simple step.
  • a timing device which ascertains that the mines will respond to pressure only after a predetermined length of time. This timing device must switch on automatically during the process of dropping the mines.
  • the mine should also meet the requirement for a mine which can either be used as a normal mine or as a mine having a tamper-proof device to prevent it being rendered harmless by the enemy,
  • the subject invention provides an actuating element in the form of a pressure lid characterized by bending resistance, which pressure lid leans against the mine case by interconnecting a hardelastic inner and an elastic outer ring case, which pressure lid tilts across the surface of the inner ring case during eccentric pressure.
  • the diameter of the pressure lid which is constructed with double walls, is approximately the same as the body of the mine so that the explosives will remain at all times beneath the treads of a vehicle. Further, the pressure lid provides a screw cap with a conical opening which, when the safety catch is released, presses against a gliding :pressurizer located in the igniter case.
  • the pressurizer transmits the motion received through the tiring pin to a concentric running mechanism of known structure, one endl of the ring pin being connected to the pressurizer, the other end benig connected to the tubular extension of the running mechanism.
  • the tubular extension of the running mechanism is rotated by a flat spiral spring which rotary motion is transmitted to a control case which is rigidly connected with the tubular extension.
  • this control case After a predetermnied revolution (safety time), this control case will pull the cylinder block located in an axially movable sliding sleeve downwardly, creating a ring-type cavity.
  • the cavity permits a second cylinder blocking device to yield, which blocking device includes a pair of members which engage a recess in the tiring pin and are kept in a blocked position by means of a projection on the igniter case.
  • the running mechanism is actuated by screwing in the screwing cap. Movement of the cap causes the firing pin to move downwardly whereby a blocking ball positioned in the wall of the tubular extension is actuated by a bobbin mounted on the ring pin which actuates a slider.
  • the slider in turn initiates the rotation of the running mechanism.
  • a wrapper cap holding the pressurizer in the igniter by means of a spring.
  • the igniter has a tamperproof device for preventing rendering it harmless.
  • the wrapper caps are removed and two shearing pins which connect the pressurizer with the igniter case, are sheared off by screwing in a screw cap. When the screw cap is removed, the cylinder block moves upwards exposing the ring pin.
  • FIG. 1 shows a mine according to one embodiment of the invention in vertical cross section
  • FIG. 2 is another exhibit of the outer ring case in cross section
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section of the igniter in stationary position
  • FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross section of the diameter on the level of the lower cylinder block (taken along the line A-B of FIG. 3);
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical cross section of the igniter after removal of the transportation safety device with the running mechanism turned on;
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical cross section of the igniter in actuating position
  • FIG. 7 is a vertical cross section of the igniter with a safety device against further handling (without wrapper cap, with shearing pins); and,
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical cross section of the igniter with 'sheared off shearing pins in actuating position.
  • the mine case 1 (FIG. l) which, for example, is made of a light metal alloy that can be welded, contains explosives 2.
  • a pressure lid 3 which, when receiving pressure, acts on a centrally attached igniter mechanism 4.
  • the pressure lid is of double thickness and has the highest possible bending resistance while using a minimum of weight exertion because of its forrn. Its diameter approximately equals that of the mine case and is therefore big enough so that a lifting arm is always ready to release the firing pin.
  • the independently suspended outer rim of the pressure lid is supported by elastic and conical ring case 5 which is vulcanized or riveted and which simultaneously protects the inside of the mine against dampness.
  • the diameter of the pressure lid is large enough so that in softer soil, in an upside-down position, enough pressure may be developed to actuate the mine.
  • the center part of pressure lid 3, together with a round or conical plate 6, is supported by a second ring case 8 which is inserted into a ring plate 7.
  • Ring case 8 has an arched surface of hardelastic material which, in stationary position only, touches in linear contact. Any chosen undulatory form can be used for ring 5.
  • the material used in this ring has been kept somewhat more pliable than that of the inner ring case 8.
  • the hard-elastic inner ring case 8 presses against the round or conical plate 6 of pressure lid 3 until said plate is illed out.
  • the ring case 8 may have openings such as holes, slits, etc. (not shown), so that the hard-elastic material can easily yield and mold into plate 6. After that, the support is rigid. Sudden pressures on pressure lid 3, therefore, can be intercepted quickly and within a short distance and no explosion is actuated by detonation waves, for this short distance is not enough to release the igniter 4.
  • igniter 4 is screwed to the mine case by means of threads 12.
  • Firing pin 13 is kept in a stressed Aposition by means of radially arranged cylinder block which serves as a guide for tiring pin flange 20 attached to the lower part of firing pin 13.
  • the upper end 21 of ring pin 13 is parallel to the axis in pressure pin 11.
  • Firing pin ange 20 restrains the tiring pin spring 22 which, with its upper end, engages the lower surface of pressure pin 11.
  • the upper part of the tubular extension 19, which projects beyond the running mechanism, is Connected solidly with control case 23.
  • Control case 23 supports second cylinder blocks 25 located in a round groove or recess 24 (FIG.
  • blocks 25 are placed radially in sliding sleeve 26.
  • the outer ends of these cylinders are placed in round groove or recess 27 located in the inner wall of the igniter and thus block sliding sleeve 26.
  • This sliding sleeve is arranged so that it can slide along the inner wall of the igniter, secured against rotation by screw 29 located in slit 28 which slit is parallel to the axis.
  • Pressure pin 11 is of cylindrical shape on the lower part and slides along the inner wall of sliding sleeve 26.
  • Spring 16 rests with its lower end on sliding sleeve 26.
  • sliding sleeve 26 is pushed upwards so that it rests against projection 30 in the igniter cylinder wall.
  • cylinder block 14 of the firing pin cannot yield to the outside; the firing pin is therefore locked to pressure pin 11.
  • a separator piece 31 made preferably of metal, is laid underneath screw cap 10 of pressure lid 3, which separator piece prevents a complete screwing in of the lid 3.
  • the size of this separator piece 31 is measured so that when a tilting of pressure lid 3 occurs, pressure pin 11 of igniter 4 is not being burdened.
  • Running mechanism 18 is set so that the tubular extension 19 will complete one rotation during a predetermined length of time. This period can be called safety time during which the igniter cannot be released or be influenced through pressure on t-he mine, because the tiring pin 13 is locked to the pressure pin 11 by cylinder blocks 14. This period may amount to 5 to 10 minutes.
  • Control case 23, which is connected with tubular extension 19, participates in this rotation so that in the nal posi-tion (FIG. 4) two opposite vertical grooves 33 which are parallel to the axis are positioned in the control case 23 ybefore block cylinders 25 land sliding sleeve 26. Through the force of supporting spring 16, sliding sleeve 26 strike-s down, forming ya ring-type cavity 34 (FIG.
  • the described igniter may be provided with tamperproof means for preventing rendering i-t harmless.
  • the igniter may be used as described above o-r in its normal condition, in which it is simple to render the mine harmless.
  • pressure pin 11 (FIGS. 7 and 8), which was ⁇ made of aluminum in the above embodiments, preferably should -be made of steel. Pressure pin 11 is now pressed against the igniter case by two shearing .pins 36. Additionally, wrapper cap 17 has been removed before insertion of the ign'iter. When screwing in lid screw cap 10, pressure pin 1-1 is again pushed downwards, whereby running mechanism 18 is actuated through tiring pin ilange 20.
  • both shearing p-ins 36 are sheared off. Subseqruenltly, supporting spring 16 presses pressure pin 11 against screw cap of pressure lid 3. As soon as screw cap lll has been loosened, pressure pin 11 moves upwards until b-oth cylinder blocks 14 .of tiring pin 13 touch the upper edge of the igniter ca-se (FIG. 8), move outside and release the firing pin.
  • a time-out safety mea-ns including a running mechanism I18 having a llat spiral spring, tubular extension 19, slider 37, agitator 3S and ilange globe 32 is actuated by the ring pin flange 20 when the safety separator piece 31 is removed .and the screw cap 10 is rotated to cause the conical cavity member 9 to engage pressure pin 11.1 ⁇ and move the firing pin ilange 20 (coupled to the pressure pin 11) downwardly into engagement with llange globe 312.
  • a mine in which the lid does not tilt sideways may be provided with a normal igniter as well as with an igniter having a safety device.
  • a land mine to be dropped from a moving vehicle comprising a fuse having ⁇ a spring loaded pressure pin with a rounded head, timed safety means operable to arm said mine after a predetermined time delay period in response to movement imparted to said pressure .pin by pressure on said rounded head, a double walled pressure lid having an outer edge and inner conical surface, a substantially enclosed mine case, the outer edge of said pressure lid having in contact therewith a supporting elastic ring resting o-n the mine case, said pressure lid further having a screw cap retainer for adjusting the position of the pressure lid, a conical cavity member loosely enclosing s-aid rounded head of said pressure pin, .a further elastic ring Ihaving a rounded outer surface located on the mine case, on which outer surface rests said coni-cal area .of the pressure lid to afford a mating surface thereby permitting the pressure lid to tilt the conical cavity member relative to the rounded head of the pressure p-in to thereby move the pressure pin.
  • a land mine according to claim 2 characterized in that the iiring pin has a need-le end carrying a guiding ange, a movable cam located in the opening of the wall of the tubular extension reaching into the .path of said guiding ilange, a cam operated slider which sets in motion said safety .means delay period, said slider mounted for yactuation by movement of said ca-m, and means operable by said screw cap on said pressure lid to move said pressure pin and thus to move said guiding ange into contact with said cam.
  • a land mine according to claim 3 characterized in that said pressure pin is secured by means of two shearing pins positioned with correspond-ing means to shear olf when .the screw cap is moved to Iarm the mine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Diaphragms And Bellows (AREA)
US190831A 1961-04-27 1962-04-27 Land mine Expired - Lifetime US3205817A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEJ19827A DE977300C (de) 1961-04-27 1961-04-27 Zuender in Landminen
DEJ0028381 1965-06-19
DEJ0030631 1966-04-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3205817A true US3205817A (en) 1965-09-14

Family

ID=27211049

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US190831A Expired - Lifetime US3205817A (en) 1961-04-27 1962-04-27 Land mine
US556637A Expired - Lifetime US3411445A (en) 1961-04-27 1966-06-10 Detonator for land mines
US629770A Expired - Lifetime US3399620A (en) 1961-04-27 1967-04-10 Detonator for land mines

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US556637A Expired - Lifetime US3411445A (en) 1961-04-27 1966-06-10 Detonator for land mines
US629770A Expired - Lifetime US3399620A (en) 1961-04-27 1967-04-10 Detonator for land mines

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (3) US3205817A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
BE (3) BE682721A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
CH (1) CH458134A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
DE (2) DE977300C (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
GB (5) GB1005388A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
NL (3) NL6608310A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
NO (1) NO121583B (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
SE (1) SE322146B (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3399620A (en) * 1961-04-27 1968-09-03 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Detonator for land mines
US3730100A (en) * 1971-07-12 1973-05-01 Us Army Mechanical anti-disturbance device
US3747526A (en) * 1970-10-09 1973-07-24 Rinker Baufa Werke Landmine with pressure trigger
US4008666A (en) * 1974-02-26 1977-02-22 Hagenuk & Co. Gmbh Percussion igniter

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3039750A (en) * 1952-03-07 1962-06-19 Kittel Walter Contact plate structure for use in a rectifying or contacting column
DE3121627A1 (de) * 1981-05-30 1982-12-23 Industrie-Werke Karlsruhe Augsburg Ag, 7500 Karlsruhe Mine
DE3373938D1 (en) * 1982-03-04 1987-11-05 Royal Ordnance Plc Improvements in or relating to safety devices for carrier shells
DE4131875A1 (de) * 1991-09-25 1993-04-08 Rheinmetall Gmbh Mine
SE9400941L (sv) * 1994-03-22 1995-09-23 Bofors Ab Mina

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2376332A (en) * 1941-06-14 1945-05-22 Adelman Arthur Antitank mine fuse
US2436837A (en) * 1943-10-14 1948-03-02 John B Traylor Fuse for antitank mines
US2678604A (en) * 1945-02-01 1954-05-18 Walker Brooks Land mine fuse
US2857842A (en) * 1956-03-12 1958-10-28 Malm Karl Olof Bertil Land mine
US2863391A (en) * 1955-05-20 1958-12-09 Prb Nv Booby trap for mines
US2941472A (en) * 1956-08-10 1960-06-21 Robert E Lee Mine fuze
US3030887A (en) * 1959-01-17 1962-04-24 Mefina Sa Mechanical time fuzes, particularly for a submarine explosive charge

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE500377A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) *
US1318098A (en) * 1919-10-07 of act-out vale
DE304247C (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) *
US1572436A (en) * 1925-09-19 1926-02-09 Albert M King Bomb casing
US2514401A (en) * 1942-08-17 1950-07-11 Us Sec War Land mine
US2488547A (en) * 1944-02-22 1949-11-22 Us Sec War Land mine
US2516890A (en) * 1944-09-01 1950-08-01 Lyle K Liljegren Fuse
US2555318A (en) * 1945-02-01 1951-06-05 Paul L Christensen Mine
US2750890A (en) * 1946-10-01 1956-06-19 George H Leonard Time delay fuze for a mine
LU29985A1 (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) * 1950-03-02
BE508953A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) * 1951-02-08
LU34376A1 (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) * 1955-05-18
NL121802C (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) * 1961-04-27

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2376332A (en) * 1941-06-14 1945-05-22 Adelman Arthur Antitank mine fuse
US2436837A (en) * 1943-10-14 1948-03-02 John B Traylor Fuse for antitank mines
US2678604A (en) * 1945-02-01 1954-05-18 Walker Brooks Land mine fuse
US2863391A (en) * 1955-05-20 1958-12-09 Prb Nv Booby trap for mines
US2857842A (en) * 1956-03-12 1958-10-28 Malm Karl Olof Bertil Land mine
US2941472A (en) * 1956-08-10 1960-06-21 Robert E Lee Mine fuze
US3030887A (en) * 1959-01-17 1962-04-24 Mefina Sa Mechanical time fuzes, particularly for a submarine explosive charge

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3399620A (en) * 1961-04-27 1968-09-03 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Detonator for land mines
US3411445A (en) * 1961-04-27 1968-11-19 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Detonator for land mines
US3747526A (en) * 1970-10-09 1973-07-24 Rinker Baufa Werke Landmine with pressure trigger
US3730100A (en) * 1971-07-12 1973-05-01 Us Army Mechanical anti-disturbance device
US4008666A (en) * 1974-02-26 1977-02-22 Hagenuk & Co. Gmbh Percussion igniter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1120609A (en) 1968-07-24
DE1578482A1 (de) 1971-01-14
BE682721A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) 1966-12-19
US3399620A (en) 1968-09-03
DE977300C (de) 1965-10-28
BE616140A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
NL6608310A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) 1966-12-20
GB1005388A (en) 1965-09-22
NO121583B (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) 1971-03-15
NL121802C (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
BE694090A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) 1967-08-16
NL277458A (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png)
US3411445A (en) 1968-11-19
DE1453848A1 (de) 1969-08-28
DE1578482C3 (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) 1974-09-26
GB1176352A (en) 1970-01-01
DE1578482B2 (de) 1974-02-14
GB1120610A (en) 1968-07-24
GB1120608A (en) 1968-07-24
SE322146B (US06171609-20010109-C00001.png) 1970-03-23
CH458134A (de) 1968-06-15

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