US3205354A - Electrothermographic reproduction process - Google Patents

Electrothermographic reproduction process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3205354A
US3205354A US164585A US16458562A US3205354A US 3205354 A US3205354 A US 3205354A US 164585 A US164585 A US 164585A US 16458562 A US16458562 A US 16458562A US 3205354 A US3205354 A US 3205354A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
master
electrothermographic
parts
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US164585A
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English (en)
Inventor
Glos Martin
Lind Erwin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Azoplate Corp
Original Assignee
Azoplate Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DEK42669A external-priority patent/DE1141657B/de
Application filed by Azoplate Corp filed Critical Azoplate Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3205354A publication Critical patent/US3205354A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/22—Processes involving a combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/04—Exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/028—Layers in which after being exposed to heat patterns electrically conductive patterns are formed in the layers, e.g. for thermoxerography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/23—Reproducing arrangements
    • H04N1/29—Reproducing arrangements involving production of an electrostatic intermediate picture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • electrothermography is applied to a reproduction process in which charge images are produced on an electrostatically charged layer by means of the action of heat.
  • a resin layer which may be supported on a material having adequate electrical conductivity and the specific resistance of which is reduced under the influence of heat, is electrostatically charged by a corona discharge.
  • the original which is to be duplicated is placed on the thin, charged resin layer.
  • the copying material thus arranged is then exposed, with the master in front, to infra-red radiation.
  • the incident infra-red rays are absorbed and converted into perceptible heat.
  • the heat from those parts of the master which absorb the heat rays is transferred to the resin layer by heat conduction.
  • the resin layer therefore becomes hot in those parts which are under the heat-absorbing parts.
  • a n electrothermographic reproduction process has now been found in which an electrothermographic material with extensive heat-ray transmission is placed in such a manner on the master to be copied that the side of the copying material which is away from the master has an electrothermographic layer which is provided with an electrostatic charge, at the latest after the material has been put in place. Heat rays are then caused to act on the master through the electrothermographic material and the electrostatic image of the master thus obtained is developed andfixed in known manner.
  • an unsupported electrothermographic layer can be employed in a similar manner.
  • suitable electrothermographic materials are primarly those comprising heat-sensitive layers which transmit heat rays so that the greatest possible part of the heat striking the layer passes through it and reaches the surface of the master which is to be copied.
  • electrothermographic layers consisting in part or wholly of organic materials are primarily used, e.g., materials consisting of polyesters of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and ethylene glycol, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, interpolymers from vinyl chloride and butadiene, polystyrene, interpolymers from vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, chlorinated rubber, maleinate resins, ketone resins, colophony, pentaerythrite ester, phthalate resins, coumarone resins, and dimerized abietic acid.
  • a material which has a low absorption for heat rays may also be used.
  • cellulose products such as paper, cellulose hydrate foils, cellulose acetate, and cellulose acetobutyrate, also plastics such as polyesters,
  • polyamides, polyurethanes, polycarbonate and polyvinyl compounds are employed.
  • the electrothermographic material is placed on the master which is to be copied, the electrothermographic layer being on the side away from the master, in those cases where a support is used.
  • the electrothermographic reproduction layer is previously provided with an electrostatic charge or, alternatively, it can be charged in the normal manner by means of a corona discharge after being placed on the master.
  • Heat rays are then beamed upon the electrothermographic layer; they pass practically unimpeded through the electrostatically charged reproduction layer and its supporting material, if any, e.g., paper, and are absorbed in the image parts of the master.
  • the absorbed heat is conducted from the image parts of the master through the supporting material, if any, of the electrothermographic reproduction material to the charged layer, which consequently becomes discharged in the image parts.
  • an electrostatic charge image which is a negative of the master, is formed.
  • This is developed, to give a copy corresponding to the original, by dusting over with a suitable pigmented resin powder which has a charge of the same polarity as that of the electrostatic charge image.
  • an electrothermographic layer 1 on a suitable support 2 may be electrostatically charged by means of a corona discharge 4 either prior to or after being positioned adjacent a master 3.
  • the electrothermographic layer and support, positioned adjacent the master is then irradiated by exposure to a suitable infra-red radiation source 5, the heat rays passing through the electrostatically charged electrothermographic layer 1 to the master 3.
  • the master 3 is separated from the electrothermographic layer on the support and the latent image on the electrothermographic layer 1 is developed and fixed, resulting in a copy having a fixed visible image 6 thereon.
  • the back of the reproduction material also be provided with a resin layer.
  • the same resin as that used for the reproduction layer may be advantageously employed.
  • the reproduction material is placed on a grounded plate and charged by means of a corona dis charge, so that the two sides of the reproduction material take on electrostatic charges of opposite polarity.
  • the supporting material selected is advantageous for the supporting material selected to be sufficiently thin so that the heat coming from the original can be readily transferred by conduction. It is therefore advisable for the thickness of the heat-ray transmitting supporting material to be in the range of about 10 to preferably between about 20 to 60,14.
  • a thickness in the range of about 1011. to p, preferably about 20 to 100p is employed.
  • the process of the invention enables directly read-able copies to be prepared in a simple manner by electrothermography from documents which can not be traced.
  • Example I 25 parts by weight of a mixed ester from terephthalic acid (70 percent) and isophthalic acid (30 percent) with ethylene glycol are dissolved in 200 parts by volume of chloroform. This solution is mechanically coated upon a thin transparent paper of a weight of 40 g. per square meter. The layer on the paper is positively charged by a corona discharge to a surface potential of 400 volts and [is then placed on an original with the layer side facing away from the original. The side of the material carrying the electrostatic charge is then exposed to an intensive heat source, e.g., a 1350-watt infra-red radiator. A non-reversed charge image, that is negative with respect to the master, is formed on the synthetic resin layer.
  • an intensive heat source e.g., a 1350-watt infra-red radiator.
  • a developer consisting of, e.g., 1 parts by weight of glass balls of a particle size of 300 to 400 and 2.5 parts by weight of a resin powder of a particle size 20 to 50p.
  • the resin powder is obtained by melting together 30 parts by weight of polystyrene, 30 parts by weight of resin-modified maleic acid resin (Beckacite K105) and 3 parts by Weight of carbon black (Peerless Black Russ 552); the melt is then ground and screened.
  • Example 11 A thin, transparent paper of a weight of 40 g. per square meter is coated on both sides with a solution of 15 parts by weight of a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride in 200 parts by volume of toluene, the coating thickness on either side being about 10
  • a corona charging device the material having a layer on either side is electrostatically charged.
  • the upper side which is .facing the corona, has a positive surface potential of 300 Volts; the lower side, which is away from the corona and lies on a grounded plate, has a negative surface potential of about 300 volts.
  • the electrostatically charged reproduction material is now placed on an original and the side that is away from the original is exposed to infra-red radiation.
  • a nonreversed charge image which is negative with respect to the original, is formed on the side that is away from the master. This can be made visible in known manner by powdering over with the developer described in Example I and fixed.
  • the material with a layer on both sides permits a negative or a positive image to be obtained using the same developer, depending upon which side of the charged paper is placed against the master.
  • Example III A foil of a thickness of 25;, made of a polyester of terephthal-ic acid and ethylene glycol, is placed on an original that is to be copied and is provided with a positive electrostatic charge by means of a corona discharge, so that the surface potential is about 400 volts above ground.
  • the charged copying material is passed, together with the original, through the projection plane of a focused 1350-watt infra-red radiator so that the infrared radiation first penetrates the thin polyester foil and is then absorbed in the text parts of the original.
  • the sensible heat formed in these parts as a result of the absorption is conducted back through the foil to the charged surface and a negative electrostatic charge image of the original is formed there.
  • the resin powder is obtained by the melting together of 30 parts by weight of polystyrene, 30 parts by weight of resin-modified maleic acid resin and 3 parts by weight of carbon black, after which the melt is ground and screened.
  • the powder image corresponding to the original is fixed by a brief exposure to ethyl acetate vapor.
  • the copy can be used for duplication purposes by the diazo process.
  • Example IV A foil of a thickness of approximately 50,41. made of a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, obtained by a casting process in which a 10% benzene solution of the polymer is cast on a metal or glass plate, is placed uncharged upon an original which is to be copied. The surface of the toil which is remote from the original is then positively charged by means of a corona discharge to a surface potential of 300 volts above ground and is then subjected to a brief but intensive infra-red radiation and on this side of the foil, a negative non-reversed electrostatic charge image of the original is formed. This is made visible in known manner, using the developer described in Example III, and fixed by the action of solvent vapor.
  • Example V The procedure described in Example IV is followed but the negative laterally reversed electrostatic charge image formed on the side of the foil facing the original is made visible using the toner described in Example III. A laterally reversed negative image of the master is formed.
  • a photographic reproduction process which comprises directly exposing an electrostatically charged electrothermographic layer to heat rays while positioned adjacent a master, the heat rays being transmitted through the layer to the master, and developing the resulting image with an electrosoopic material.
  • K 42,669 read Claims priority, application Germany, Feb. 13, 1960, K 39,1597; Jan. 25, 1961, K 42,669

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
US164585A 1960-02-13 1962-01-05 Electrothermographic reproduction process Expired - Lifetime US3205354A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK39897A DE1106779B (de) 1960-02-13 1960-02-13 Elektrothermographisches Kopierverfahren
DEK42669A DE1141657B (de) 1961-01-25 1961-01-25 Elektrothermographisches Kopierverfahren

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3205354A true US3205354A (en) 1965-09-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US164585A Expired - Lifetime US3205354A (en) 1960-02-13 1962-01-05 Electrothermographic reproduction process

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3205354A (fr)
BE (1) BE600101A (fr)
CH (1) CH390293A (fr)
DE (1) DE1106779B (fr)
FR (1) FR1280312A (fr)
GB (2) GB914864A (fr)
LU (1) LU39745A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057016A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-11-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for electrostatic printing and apparatus therefor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206599A (en) * 1963-05-21 1965-09-14 Keuffel & Esser Co Plastic film thermography

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2573881A (en) * 1948-11-02 1951-11-06 Battelle Development Corp Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic images with electroscopic powder
US2798959A (en) * 1953-10-01 1957-07-09 Rca Corp Photoconductive thermography
US2808777A (en) * 1952-02-26 1957-10-08 Dick Co Ab Method for manufacturing duplicating masters
US2844773A (en) * 1957-04-02 1958-07-22 Singer Mfg Co Induction motor control systems
US2914403A (en) * 1955-05-17 1959-11-24 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US2970906A (en) * 1955-08-05 1961-02-07 Haloid Xerox Inc Xerographic plate and a process of copy-making

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2573881A (en) * 1948-11-02 1951-11-06 Battelle Development Corp Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic images with electroscopic powder
US2808777A (en) * 1952-02-26 1957-10-08 Dick Co Ab Method for manufacturing duplicating masters
US2798959A (en) * 1953-10-01 1957-07-09 Rca Corp Photoconductive thermography
US2914403A (en) * 1955-05-17 1959-11-24 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US2970906A (en) * 1955-08-05 1961-02-07 Haloid Xerox Inc Xerographic plate and a process of copy-making
US2844773A (en) * 1957-04-02 1958-07-22 Singer Mfg Co Induction motor control systems

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057016A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-11-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for electrostatic printing and apparatus therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU39745A1 (fr) 1961-04-06
FR1280312A (fr) 1961-12-29
BE600101A (fr)
GB914864A (en) 1963-01-09
DE1106779B (de) 1961-05-18
CH390293A (de) 1965-04-15
GB977681A (en) 1964-12-09

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