US3203432A - Production of tobacco smoking materials - Google Patents

Production of tobacco smoking materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3203432A
US3203432A US276770A US27677063A US3203432A US 3203432 A US3203432 A US 3203432A US 276770 A US276770 A US 276770A US 27677063 A US27677063 A US 27677063A US 3203432 A US3203432 A US 3203432A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tobacco
filaments
production
mixture
extruder
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Expired - Lifetime
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US276770A
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English (en)
Inventor
Green Sydney James
Nicholl Peter James
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Brown and Williamson Holdings Inc
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Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp
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Publication date
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/14—Forming reconstituted tobacco products, e.g. wrapper materials, sheets, imitation leaves, rods, cakes; Forms of such products

Definitions

  • tobacco is ground to a flour and mixed with a minor proportion of water (Le. so that the water content is less than the tobacco content) without admixture of a binding agent, and the mixture is extruded, the mixture being plastieised by being mechanically worked in the mixing and/ or the extrusion so as to release the inherent gumminess of the tobacco.
  • the flour is such as will pass a 100-mesh sieve and, with advantage, predominantly a ZOO-mesh sieve, while the Water content is within the range of 16 to 30% estimated as a percentage of the wet weight of the tobacco.
  • wet weight we mean the weight of the combined tobacco and water. In other words, it is the weight of the wet tobacco.
  • the mixture is of the nature of a thick dough or a free-flowing granular powder. No extraneous binder is included in the mixture, but a humectant may be added in accordance with accepted tobacco practice.
  • the mixing work necessary to ensure a predetermined amount of gumminess depends to a large extent upon the Water content and upon the type of apparatus employed. The water content depends upon the nature and type of the tobacco flour.
  • the mixture is extruded in substantially filamentary form.
  • the extrusion may be performed in apparatus of simple ram or screw type in which the mixture is forced from a cylinder or barrel through a nozzle or nozzles.
  • the diameter or width of nozzle orifice may be within the range from 0.008 to 0.018", depending upon the result required.
  • Filaments so obtained have favourable tensile-strength characteristics and are suitable for immediate incorporation in cigarette tobacco or other conventional smoking products. They may, however, be further processed, for example by rolling. Thus filaments extruded with a circular cross section may be rolled to a flattened cross section.
  • the properties and shape of the material, its selfsupporting character and the ease with which it can be employed make it very acceptable as a smoking material.
  • FIGURE 1 is a process diagram
  • FIGURE 2 is a general elevational view, partly in section, of apparatus including a ram-type of extruder, and
  • FIGURE 3 is a vertical section through a screw-type of extruder.
  • the originating tobacco material tobacco Waste, shorts and so forth, contains coarse particles of silica which might block the nozzles of the extruder die or cause excessive wear in the grinding, mixing or extruding means, it is necessary to remove these particles in a desander 1.
  • the desanding may be effected on a density-differentiation basis by means of a grain classifier of known construction or by sieving followed by pneumatic classification.
  • Desanding may be carried out either before or after the tobacco is passed to a drier 2, depending upon the type of tobacco and its original moisture content. If drying is effected first, it may be helpful in freeing silica particles from the tobacco.
  • the drier 2 may be a conventional type of pneumatic or rotary-cylinder drier.
  • the tobacco is dried to a moisture content of 4 to 6% with the object of facilitating its grinding to a sufficient degree of fineness.
  • the dried tobacco is fed to a grinding mill 3 in which it is ground so that at least it will pass a IOO-mesh/inch sieve and preferably so that predominantly it will pass a ZOO-mesh sieve.
  • the grinding which is intended to enable the inherent gumminess of the tobacco to be released in subsequent operations, may be performed in a hammer mill, but is preferably carried out in a micronizer or fluid-energy mill in which attrition occurs between the tobacco particles.
  • a sieve 4 To remove particles of silica which have escaped the desanding operation, but which might still cause blocking of the nozzles, it is desirable to pass the ground tobacco through a sieve 4.
  • the sieve mesh will depend upon the size of the nozzle orifices.
  • a IOO-mesh nylon screen (aperture size 105 microns) has been found adequate with nozzle orifices of 0.015-0.018 inch diameter, but with smaller orifices, say 0.008 inch diameter, a finer sieve may be required.
  • the coarser tobacco particles may be reground, as indicated diagrammatically at 5.
  • a minor proportion of water preferably such as will increase the moisture content to be tween 16 and 30%, estimated on the wet weight of the tobacco, is added to the ground tobacco in -a mixer 6.
  • the nature of the mixing will depend upon the type of tobacco. If the tobacco can be plasticised simply by extrusion, so-called shear mixing may not be necessary. In that case, mixing may suitably be carried out in a planetary mixer, for example a mixer with a spadeshaped, apertured, blade which not only rotates about its axis but also performs a planetary motion in the bowl of the mixer. Alternatively, use may be made of an interrupted ribbon blade mixer or other mixer which will give a powdery product. It is desirable to ensure that agglomeration of the ground tobacco is prevented, as this would result in an uneven feed to the extruder.
  • shear mixing is necessary, use may suitably be made of a twin Z-blade mixer of a kind well known in the rubber and plastics industry.
  • the amount of shear Work applied will depend upon the amount of inherent gumminess to be developed in the plasticised product.
  • the conditions of temperature and pressure under which mixing is performed may be varied to suit the degree of plasticisation required. With this kind of mixing, the product is a stiff dough which may require granulating,
  • a known humectant for example up to 5% of glycerol depending upon the type of tobacco, may also be added, if required.
  • the extruder 7 may be of either the ram or the screw variety and in either case may be of a conventional type used in the plastics industry.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates, more or less diagrammatically, a convenient arrangement comprising a ram extruder.
  • the ground tobacco is fed from a hopper 11 into a cylinder 12 whence it is extruded by means of a ram 13 operated by hydraulic means (not shown).
  • An electrical heater 14- of sleeve form is disposed around the cylinder 12.
  • the die of the extruder consists of a plate 15 which contains a line or group of fine round orifices or nozzles 16 and which is replaceably held in a nozzle member or manifold 17 which may be of fishtail form.
  • the size of the orifices will naturally depend upon the diameter of the filaments required.
  • Ram extrusion may be preferred to screw extrusion, as higher specific pressures for a lower power expenditure will generally be obtainable.
  • An incidental advantage of higher pressure is reduced risk of nozzle blockage.
  • Specific pressures of up to 10,000 lbs. sq. inch, or even more, can be employed.
  • FIGURE 3 A suitable screw extruder is shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the screw 18, driven through gearing 19 and reacted against a thrust bearing 20 rotates in a barrel 21.
  • a down-turned throat 22 in the nozzle body 17 leads to the die plate 15.
  • Successive zones of the barrel 21 can be heated by a series of electrical heaters 23 and the nozzle body 17 by a heater 24.
  • the said zones and the feed zone of the barrel 21 may also be provided with cooling jackets 25 and the screw 18 can be cooled by water circulating through concentric ducts 26.
  • the extruded filaments of circular cross section next pass between rollers 8 (FIGURE 1) by which they are brought to the form of flattened filaments of a rectangular cross section similar to that of cut rag tobacco.
  • the rolling may also produce improved tensile properties and colour.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a convenient arrangement, in which the filaments fall upon an endless horizontal conveyor band made of coarse-mesh wire and are conveyed thereon through a tunnel drier (not shown) or a countercurrent warm-air drier.
  • the dried tobacco is removed by a revolving brush 31 and falls into a collecting bin 32 or the like, whence it is taken for blending with cut rag tobacco.
  • the filaments as extruded, may have a cross section other than circular, for example a rectangular cross section.
  • the extruded material mayalternatively have the form of a thin strip or web.
  • Flue cured tobacco was dried to 4.3% moisture content in a steam heated rotary-cylinder drier.
  • the dried tobacco was fed at 150 lbs/hr. through a fluid-energy mill.
  • the product at 98% of which was of a size less than 75 microns, was passed through a 100 mesh nylon screen (aperture size 105 microns) to remove any coarse particles, particularly silica, present.
  • the screw extruder was of a general purpose plastics type with a 2 inch diameter barrel 21 and a 20 to 1 length/diameter ratio, the compression ratio being 2.5 to 1. It was provided with four zone heaters 23 and the die heater 24 was also used.
  • the screw 18 was water cooled by means of the ducts 26. The region of the barrel 21 near the hopper 11 was also cooled to assist feeding.
  • the die plate 15 had 45 nozzles 16 each of 0.016 inch diameter.
  • the filaments After rolling, the filaments require to be dried down to, say, a moisture content suitable for cigarette making. This is effected in a conventional drier 9 (FIGURE 1). During this drying, the filaments assume a permanently The filaments were rolled by being passed between steel bowls 28 having a nip of 0.005 inch. The peripheral velocity was slightly greater than the filament velocity from the extruder and this gave filaments 1 to 4 inches in length which, after drying in the air drier, were suitable for blending with cut lamina tobacco for cigarette manufacture.
  • Example 2 The same ground tobacco-water-glycerol mixture as was used for Example 1 was extruded in a ram extruder 12, 13 of 1 inch diameter.
  • the temperature of the cylinder 12 was maintained at 85 C. by the heater 14 and the die had 37 nozzles 16 each of 0.016 inch diameter.
  • the die although not directly heated, reached a steady-state temperature of 65 C.
  • the maximum ram pressure was 4,000 pounds/sq. inch and the mean production rate 5 lbs./hr.
  • the filaments were suitable for blending with cut lamina tobacco.
  • a process for production of tobacco smoking materials comprising: grinding tobacco to form a flour-like material, mixing therewith a minor proportion of water of between approximately 15% and 30% of the wet weight of the tobacco so that the resulting mixture is a fiowable material and thereafter extruding said mixture through a small orifice into filamentary form while simultaneously subjecting it to sufiicient mechanical working and sufficient pressure so as to render certain materials normally present in the natural tobacco leaf gummy and able to serve as an adhesive whereby the filaments are coherent and self-supporting.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
US276770A 1962-05-03 1963-04-30 Production of tobacco smoking materials Expired - Lifetime US3203432A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB17071/62A GB983928A (en) 1962-05-03 1962-05-03 Improvements relating to the production of tobacco smoking materials

Publications (1)

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US3203432A true US3203432A (en) 1965-08-31

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CH (1) CH410740A (forum.php)
CY (1) CY400A (forum.php)
DK (1) DK114116B (forum.php)
ES (1) ES287555A1 (forum.php)
FI (1) FI40146C (forum.php)
GB (1) GB983928A (forum.php)
MY (1) MY6700144A (forum.php)
NL (2) NL131411C (forum.php)

Cited By (53)

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US3373751A (en) * 1963-10-18 1968-03-19 Industrilaboratoriet Ab Method in utilizing and refining tobacco dust and waste
US3424170A (en) * 1963-12-06 1969-01-28 Georg Grunwald Process of forming reconstituted tobacco foils
US3628541A (en) * 1963-09-02 1971-12-21 Tamag Basel Ag Method of producing shaped tobacco products and shaped products produced thereby
US3750679A (en) * 1970-12-30 1973-08-07 Ind Ab Jankoping Method in the utilizing of tobacco waste
US3805803A (en) * 1971-06-11 1974-04-23 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Reconstituted-tobacco smoking materials
US3805802A (en) * 1971-06-11 1974-04-23 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp Reconstituted-tobacco smoking materials
US3867951A (en) * 1971-03-09 1975-02-25 Jamag Basel Ag Tobacco substitute
US3894544A (en) * 1972-06-02 1975-07-15 Tamag Basel Ag Process for producing tobacco structures
US3932081A (en) * 1972-12-22 1976-01-13 Tamag/Basel Ag Extruder nozzle for shaping a pulp to form smokable strands or fibers
FR2338659A1 (fr) * 1976-01-23 1977-08-19 Tamag Basel Ag Procede pour fabriquer du tabac artificiel et dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede
FR2475364A1 (fr) * 1980-02-09 1981-08-14 Imp Group Ltd Procede de formage d'une nappe de tabac reconstitue et produit a fumer obtenu par un tel procede
US4347855A (en) * 1980-07-23 1982-09-07 Philip Morris Incorporated Method of making smoking articles
US4391285A (en) * 1980-05-09 1983-07-05 Philip Morris, Incorporated Smoking article
US4510950A (en) * 1982-12-30 1985-04-16 Philip Morris Incorporated Foamed, extruded, tobacco-containing smoking article and method of making same
US4598721A (en) * 1983-10-28 1986-07-08 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh Method and apparatus for producing crimped fibre pieces of reconstituted tobacco
US4625737A (en) * 1982-12-30 1986-12-02 Philip Morris Incorporated Foamed, extruded, tobacco-containing smoking article and method of making the same
US4632131A (en) * 1984-07-03 1986-12-30 Philip Morris Incorporated Foamed, extruded, coherent multistrand smoking articles
US4646764A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-03-03 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process for providing roll reconstituted tobacco material
US4724850A (en) * 1986-02-05 1988-02-16 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process for providing tobacco extender material
US4754767A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-07-05 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco material processing
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US4787402A (en) * 1986-02-03 1988-11-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process and apparatus for providing roll reconstituted tobacco material
US4821749A (en) * 1988-01-22 1989-04-18 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Extruded tobacco materials
US4874000A (en) * 1982-12-30 1989-10-17 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and apparatus for drying and cooling extruded tobacco-containing material
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US5025814A (en) * 1987-05-12 1991-06-25 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filters containing strands of tobacco-containing materials
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MY6700144A (en) 1967-12-31
FI40146B (forum.php) 1968-06-28
DE1432576A1 (de) 1968-11-28
CY400A (en) 1967-07-06
DE1432576B2 (de) 1973-02-08
CH410740A (fr) 1966-03-31
FI40146C (fi) 1968-10-10

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