US3177113A - Chromium coated papermaking wire - Google Patents

Chromium coated papermaking wire Download PDF

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Publication number
US3177113A
US3177113A US304869A US30486963A US3177113A US 3177113 A US3177113 A US 3177113A US 304869 A US304869 A US 304869A US 30486963 A US30486963 A US 30486963A US 3177113 A US3177113 A US 3177113A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wire
papermaking
wires
chromium
coating
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US304869A
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin A Golden
John I Vlossak
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Ultra Plating Corp
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Ultra Plating Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ultra Plating Corp filed Critical Ultra Plating Corp
Priority to US304869A priority Critical patent/US3177113A/en
Priority to GB32435/64A priority patent/GB1024717A/en
Priority to NO154377A priority patent/NO124698B/no
Priority to AT712164A priority patent/AT262044B/de
Priority to DE19641461165 priority patent/DE1461165A1/de
Priority to SE10272/64A priority patent/SE309716B/xx
Priority to NL6409857A priority patent/NL6409857A/xx
Priority to BE652305D priority patent/BE652305A/xx
Priority to ES0304481A priority patent/ES304481A1/es
Priority to CH1126564A priority patent/CH426465A/de
Priority to FI1823/64A priority patent/FI44522B/fi
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3177113A publication Critical patent/US3177113A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/10—Wire-cloths
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
    • Y10S162/903—Paper forming member, e.g. fourdrinier, sheet forming member

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to metal wires for use on papermaking machines and it more specifically resides in such a wire coated with chromium to enhance its durability and utility.
  • Continuous, foraminous metallic belts, or wires? are used on papermaking machines of various types, including Fourdrinier machines. cylinder machines. inver-form machines, verti-form machines and others. Wires most commonly used today are woven wire fabrics. although foraminous sheets are also being developed. The metals commonly 'used for the strands of such wires are Phosphor bronze, bronze, brass, stainless stecl'and others.
  • the wire is the most important single part of the papermaking machine, since the paper web is formed from a suspension of paper fibers in liquid on and by virtue of the wire. In the Fourdrinier machine this is accomplished by depositing the suspension of paper fibers from a head box onto the rapidly moving wire.
  • resistance to corrosion is a necessary attribute of a Fourdrinier wire.
  • the wire must resist deformation which may result from lumps in the stock and which leave marks and irregularities in the web.
  • the wire must be made of a hard metal. sothat it will retain its shape and smoothness, so as not to snag paper fibers that will clog its interstices and impede drainage. It must also have a high tensile strength to withstand stress even after substantial deterioration.
  • the present invention provides a chromium coated Fourdrinier wire that is not subject to premature fatigue failures.
  • the present invention provides a Fourdrinier wire of greatly enhanced wear qualities without materially increased stiffness by electroplating a woven Fourdrinier wire so that the surfaces subjected to wear have a thicker and harder coating of chromium, while the other surfaces have a coating of lesser thickness and hardness.
  • a wire made according to the present invention also manifests a number of hitherto wholly unexpected advantages. resulting in a surprisingly superior Fourdrinicr wire. For example, it was discovered that even after the chromium coating was abraded through and the exposed wire strands corroded from under the chromium coating. the coating continued to support the strand and the wire displayed twice the abrasion resistance of an uncoated wire. The tensile strength of the strands was found to be substantially increased. Where fissures in the chromium coating occur, exposing the strand, the strand manifests about twice the resistance to corrosion as would be expected and as was experienced with other coatings, such as nickel.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a papermaking wire embodying the present invention mounted on a Fourdrinier papermaking machine
  • FIG. 2 is a portion of the wire shown in FIG. 1 taken in section along the line 22 in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a portion of the wire shown in FIG. 1 taken in section along the line 3-3 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 a
  • Fourdrinier wire 1 of the present invention is shown' mounted on a diagrammatic representation of a Fourdrinier papermaking machine so as to illustrate more clearly the use of this product and its advantages.
  • the invention is not to be inferred from this specfic embodiment for use on Fourdrinier machines that the invention is limited specifically to Fourdrinier wires.
  • the present invention relates to all papermaking wires for all types of machines and its embodiment in Fourdrinier wires is but a single, though important, application of the present invention. Beginning at the left side of FIG.
  • the Fourdrinier wire 1 passes over a breast roll 2 as it moves in a clockwise direction; next the Fourdrinier wire 1 passes over a plurality of table rolls 3; then it slides over a plurality of suction boxes 4, and about a couch roll 5; then it moves to the left under a stretch roll 6, over a guide roll 7 and under a return roll 7a, and back to the breast roll 2.
  • the couch roll is driven and the table rolls 3, the breast roll 2, the stretch roll 6, guide roll 7 and the return rolls 7a are idlers, although in some applications other rolls may also be driven.
  • the paper fiber suspension (not shown) is fed on the top, or papermaking side 8, of the Fourdrinier wire 1 just above the breast roll 2 from a container known as a head box (notshown).
  • the wire travels at a high rate of speed carrying the wet pulp over the table rolls 3 which aid in the removal of the water from the pulp through the interstices of the Fourdrinier wire 1.
  • the pulp has developed into a thin, wet web of fibers (not shown), and as it passes over the suction boxes 4 the vacuum in the boxes 4 draws more of the moisture from the web and mats the fibers, so that it is a well defined continuous web (not shown) by the time it .reaches the couch roll 5, which in some applications is a suction roll; From the couch roll 5, the web is usually picked up on a felt (not shown) and drawn through the first press part (not shown) of the papermaking machine.
  • a Fourdrinier wire 1 may be subjected to further strains by the use of a deflector blade (not shown) which scrapes against the underside, or suction box side 9 of the wire, and
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a small portion of the wire 1 shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line 2-2
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a small portion of the wire 1 in section, taken along the line 3-3 in FIG. 1.
  • the upper side of the wire 1 is subject to little, if any, wear and this will be referred to as the papermaking side 8.
  • the suction box side 9 the wear side of the wire may be the papermaking side, and in other applications there may be a wear side of the wire, but neither a papermaking side nor a suction box side, properly speaking.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a small portion of the wire 1 shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line 2-2
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a small portion of the wire 1 in section, taken along the line 3-3 in FIG. 1.
  • a single weft strand 10 is shown in section extending horizontally across the page and a plurality of warp strands 11 are shown above and beneath the weft strand 10.
  • a single warp strand 11 is illustrated in section extending across the page with a plurality of weft strands 10 above and beneath the warp itrand 11.
  • Phosphor-bronze cores 12 of the weft strands [0 are illustrated with coatings of chromium 13 about iheir surfaces, but frequently brass weft strands 10 are also used.
  • the warp strands 11 have Phosphorbronze cores 14 with chromium coatings 15 about their surfaces.
  • About the knuckles 16 of the weft strand 10 in FIG. 2 reed dents 17 are formed. These reed dents 17 are entirely covered by the chromium coating 13 as are all other surface deformities which might occur in the strands 10 or 11.
  • the thicknesses of the chromium. coatings 13 and 15 relative to the size of the cores 12 and 14 are greatly exaggerated in order that the structure of the present invention might be more clearly shown.
  • the core strands 12 and 14 may be of diameters ranging from 0.016 to 0.003 inch (a twisted cable, as dis tinguished from the solid cores shown here, might have an outer diameter as great as 0.032 inch, but its individual strands would be within the range indicated), and as will be brought out in greater detail later the thickness of the coatings 13 and 15 will be less than 0.001 inch.
  • coatings 13 and 15 would have thickness little greater than that of 'a pencil mark.
  • the chromium coating 13 about the weft strand 10 is substantially thicker on the suction box side 9 of the wire 1 than on the papermaking side 8, except at the interfaces between the ,weft strand 10 and the warp strand llwhere the chromium coatings 13 and 15 are both extremely thin.
  • the chromium coating 15 about the warp strands 11 is substantially thicker on the suction box side 9 of the wire 1 than on the papermaking side 8, except at the interface between strands 10 and 11.
  • Wires embodying the present invention are made in the following manner. First, strands of any of the commonly used alloys or metals are woven together in the usual way, except, of course, in those cases where the wire is made of a foraminous sheet. electroplated with chromium to the dimensions disclosed herein. As a result, the coating at the interfaces of the crossing strands 10 and 11, where there is no wear, is at a minimum. Hence, flexibility is promoted without loss of abrasion resistance. Also, stress points and other deformities, such as reed dents 17, which have had greater vulnerability to corrosion, are covered.
  • the mentioned differential in thickness of the coating 13 and 15 between the papermaking side 8 and the suction box side 9 is maintained to ensure maximum strengthening of the wire 1 against wear of various sorts with a minimum loss of necessary flexibility to avoid'premature fatigue failure.
  • the thickness of the coating 13 and 15 on the suction box and papermaking sides 9 and 8, respectively are on the order of 0.0001 inch and 0.00005 inch, and although an absolute commercial standard has not been fixed, a tentative standard of 0.000070 inch on the suction box side 9 and 0.000049 inch on the papermaking side 8 is now in practice.
  • the differential in thickness of the chromium coating 13 and 15 between the suction box side 9 and the papermaking side 8, respectively, should be between about one-and-one-half and two to one.
  • successful wires could be made having chromium coatings 13 and 15 of thicknesses within a range of 0.000025 to 0.00075 inch on the suction box side 9 and a range of 0.0000125 to 0.0003 on the papermaking side with the above indicated or greater differential in thickness being maintained between the coatings 13 and 15 on the two sides 8 and 9, the thinnest coating being that necessary to continuity of the coating, and the thickest dimension being that allowable on one side of the wire 1 without causing premature fatigue failures.
  • wires 1 are of limited application due to the great difference in stress, abrasion, corrosion, etc., to which wires 1 are subjected in different papermaking machines and mills.
  • commercially acceptable dimensions lie well within the extreme limits established under controlled conditions.
  • just wire 1 may be made thicker by reducing the thickness of the coating 13 and on the papermaktng side 8 of the wire 1 while preserving maximum flexibility, the results are further improved by providing a more ductile coating- 13 and 15 on the papermaking side 8 of the wire 1 where hardness is not necessary, and a harder coating 13 and 15 and the environment within which they are used.
  • wires may be up to 350 inches wide and .over 400 feet long.
  • the mesh count of the wire may exceed 100. although a mesh count of 75 is common.
  • the normal life of a wire may vary from only a few days to a month and a half, or more.
  • the speed of the movement of the wire on a machine may be as high as 4000 feet per minute.
  • the following table provides test data of actual wires 1 made according to the present invention and experimentally used on different papermaking machines in production of paper.
  • the wire life varies from machine to machine depending upon the corrosiveness of the pulp suspension used, the type of machine used, the speed at which the machine was operated, etc.
  • the length of life shown is measured in 24 hour operating days.
  • hand column is a figure representing the average life of uncoated wires, and in the right hand column is the life of a wire 1 which was coated with chromium according to the present invention.
  • wires 1 coated according to the present invention unexpectedly, wore smoothly and did not form radially extending burs, as do the conventional. uncoated wires. These burs formed on the uncoated wires tend to collect pitch and pulp fibers, clogging the interstices of the wire 1 and preventing In the left proper drainage. When this occurs it is necessary to shut down the mcahine and clean the wire with either an acid or a caustic. solution or an organic solvent such as kerosene depending upon the circumstances of the situation. However, since the wires 1 made according to the present invention wear smoothly, the need to clean the wires 1 is obtained.
  • the remarkable improvement in the life of the wires coated according to the present invention stems from several unexpected results encountered only after actual application of the wire 1. It has been the experience with previous wire coated with different materials, that where a fissure or pin hole developed in the coating exposing the core, a point of high vulnerability to corrosion of the core strand was developed. The opposite result obtained I by the use of chromium coating according to the present invention. Contrary to all expectations the core wire, where exposed either by pin holes, fissures or wear phase in the chromium coating actually exhibited greater resistance to corrosion than an uncoated strand. Also, the tensile strength of the wire 1 embodying the present invention is measurably increased. The ability of the chromium coating to continue to withstand wear even after it wears through at its bottommost surface, and even after a portion of the core is eroded away presented surprising improvement in the life of the wire.
  • An endless wire papermaking fabric having a wear side and a side opposite said wear side, the combination comprising: warp strands and weft strands, woven together to present opposing interfaces to each other where said strands cross, and having metallic cores with a chromium coating; said chromium coating on said wear side of said wire having thickness in the range of 0.000025 to 0.00075 inch, and on said opposite side of said wire having thickness in the range of 0.0000125 to 0.0003 inch; and
  • an endless wire for a papermaking machine comprising: a plurality of weft strands and a plurality of warp strands woven together and presenting interfaces at their intersections; said wire having a wear side and a side opposite said wear side; said strands having metallic cores and a chromium coating between 0.0000125 and 0.00076 inch thick enclosing said cores except at said interfaces; said chromium coating on said wear side being from approximately one-and-one-half times to six times as thick as said chromium coating on said opposite side and being thinnest on said interfaces.
  • a papermaking wire having a wear side and an opposite side to said wear side, and being comprised of a metallic core; and a chromium coating enclosing said core and being of varying thickness in the range of 0.0000125 inch and 0.00075 inch; said chromium coating being approximately one-and-one-half times to twice as thick on said wear side as on said opposite side.
  • a papermaking wire for a Fourdrinier machine composing the combination of Phosphor-bronze warp strands woven together with metallic weft strands, said strands forming interfaces at points of contact; an electrodeposited chromium coating enclosing said strands and varying in thickness within the range of 0.0000125 inch to 0.00075 inch except at said interfaces; said wire having a papermaking side and a suction box side; said chromium coating on said suction box side being approximately oneand-one-half times as thick as said chromium coating on said papermaking side of said Wire.
  • a papermaking wire comprising: a metallic core structure; a chromium coating enclosing said core in varying thicknesses between 0.0000125 inch and 0.00075 inch; at least one side of said wire being a wear side; said chromium coating on said wear side being harder and thicker than said coating elsewhere on said wire.
  • a wire for papermaking comprising: a plurality of lengthwise copper base metallic wires and a plurality of 7 transverse copper base metallic wires woven with the respective wires crossing overand under one another in a repeated pattern to form a fabric having a papermaking side and a wcarsidc opposite therefrom; the respective wires bearing against one another on their interfaces at the points of crossover and forming knuckles that constitute a wear surface for the wear side and a supporting surface for the 'papermaking side; and a thin chromium film coating said fabric that is thickest on the wear surface and progressively thinnerhtoward the supporting surface.
  • a papermaking wire comprising the combination of a foraminous metal belt having a wear side for receiving a preponderance of abrasive wear in use, and an opposite side for receiving substantially less abrasive wear in normal use of said belt;
  • a chromium coating enclosing said foraminous belt, 'having a substantially uniform thickness of about 0.0001 inch on said wear side of said belt, and having a substantially uniform thickness of 0.00005 inch on said opposite side of said belt.
  • Apapcrmaking wire comprising the combination of a foramainous metal belt having a suction box side and a papermaking side; and a chromium coating ofsubstantially uniform thicknesses on each side of the belt, each thickness being in a range no greater than about 0.0001'inch; said chromium coating on said suction box side of said belt being about one-and-one-half to two times as thick as said coating on said papermaking side of said wire.

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US304869A 1963-08-27 1963-08-27 Chromium coated papermaking wire Expired - Lifetime US3177113A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US304869A US3177113A (en) 1963-08-27 1963-08-27 Chromium coated papermaking wire
GB32435/64A GB1024717A (en) 1963-08-27 1964-08-10 Chromium coated papermaking wire
NO154377A NO124698B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-08-27 1964-08-13
AT712164A AT262044B (de) 1963-08-27 1964-08-18 Papiermaschinensieb
DE19641461165 DE1461165A1 (de) 1963-08-27 1964-08-19 Sieb fuer Papier- und Entwaesserungsmaschinen
NL6409857A NL6409857A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-08-27 1964-08-26
SE10272/64A SE309716B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-08-27 1964-08-26
BE652305D BE652305A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-08-27 1964-08-26
ES0304481A ES304481A1 (es) 1963-08-27 1964-08-26 Perfeccionamientos en tamices o telas metalicas para maquinas de fabricar papel.
CH1126564A CH426465A (de) 1963-08-27 1964-08-27 Sieb zur Verwendung in einer Papiermaschine
FI1823/64A FI44522B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-08-27 1964-08-27

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US304869A US3177113A (en) 1963-08-27 1963-08-27 Chromium coated papermaking wire

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US3177113A true US3177113A (en) 1965-04-06

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US304869A Expired - Lifetime US3177113A (en) 1963-08-27 1963-08-27 Chromium coated papermaking wire

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US (1) US3177113A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT262044B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE652305A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH426465A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1461165A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES304481A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI44522B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1024717A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6409857A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO124698B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE309716B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316068A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-04-25 Lindsay Wire Weaving Co Wire belt for use in paper making machines
US3346466A (en) * 1964-01-21 1967-10-10 Ultra Plating Corp Process and apparatus for making chromium coated papermaking wires
US3346465A (en) * 1962-10-30 1967-10-10 Franck Jean-Pierre Method of making wire clot for paper machines
US3425900A (en) * 1964-08-24 1969-02-04 Appleton Wire Works Corp Coated papermaking wire
US3430359A (en) * 1967-02-09 1969-03-04 Roll O Sheets Apparatus with heat conductive belt
US3518104A (en) * 1966-07-22 1970-06-30 Monsanto Co Coated casting belt
US4470822A (en) * 1983-02-25 1984-09-11 Rca Corporation Method of fabricating a metalized electrode assembly
US20070167099A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-07-19 Voith Paper Gmbh Paper machine fabric with release coating
US20130112361A1 (en) * 2010-07-23 2013-05-09 Oji Holdings Corporation Wire for papermaking of microfibrous cellulose-containing sheet and method for producing microfibrous cellulose-containing sheet
US20160032526A1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2016-02-04 Jörg Scheffler Transport device for paper, and paper processing device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB331196A (en) * 1929-01-18 1930-06-18 James Strachan Improvements in and relating to machines or appliances for making paper and the like
US1934643A (en) * 1930-01-14 1933-11-07 Rafton Engineering Corp Wire cloth and method of producing the same
US2918094A (en) * 1957-04-12 1959-12-22 Porter Co H K Fourdrinier wire belt, wire, and alloy composition thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB331196A (en) * 1929-01-18 1930-06-18 James Strachan Improvements in and relating to machines or appliances for making paper and the like
US1934643A (en) * 1930-01-14 1933-11-07 Rafton Engineering Corp Wire cloth and method of producing the same
US2918094A (en) * 1957-04-12 1959-12-22 Porter Co H K Fourdrinier wire belt, wire, and alloy composition thereof

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3346465A (en) * 1962-10-30 1967-10-10 Franck Jean-Pierre Method of making wire clot for paper machines
US3346466A (en) * 1964-01-21 1967-10-10 Ultra Plating Corp Process and apparatus for making chromium coated papermaking wires
US3425900A (en) * 1964-08-24 1969-02-04 Appleton Wire Works Corp Coated papermaking wire
US3316068A (en) * 1965-10-21 1967-04-25 Lindsay Wire Weaving Co Wire belt for use in paper making machines
US3518104A (en) * 1966-07-22 1970-06-30 Monsanto Co Coated casting belt
US3430359A (en) * 1967-02-09 1969-03-04 Roll O Sheets Apparatus with heat conductive belt
US4470822A (en) * 1983-02-25 1984-09-11 Rca Corporation Method of fabricating a metalized electrode assembly
US20070167099A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-07-19 Voith Paper Gmbh Paper machine fabric with release coating
US20130112361A1 (en) * 2010-07-23 2013-05-09 Oji Holdings Corporation Wire for papermaking of microfibrous cellulose-containing sheet and method for producing microfibrous cellulose-containing sheet
US8585866B2 (en) * 2010-07-23 2013-11-19 Oji Holdings Corporation Wire for papermaking of microfibrous cellulose-containing sheet and method for producing microfibrous cellulose-containing sheet
US20160032526A1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2016-02-04 Jörg Scheffler Transport device for paper, and paper processing device
US9725851B2 (en) * 2013-02-08 2017-08-08 Jörg Scheffler Transport device for paper, and paper processing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT262044B (de) 1968-05-27
BE652305A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-12-16
SE309716B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-03-31
GB1024717A (en) 1966-04-06
NO124698B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-23
DE1461165A1 (de) 1969-01-23
CH426465A (de) 1966-12-15
NL6409857A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-03-01
ES304481A1 (es) 1965-02-01
FI44522B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-02

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