US3166618A - Method of making a nib for a ball point writing instrument - Google Patents

Method of making a nib for a ball point writing instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
US3166618A
US3166618A US58759A US5875960A US3166618A US 3166618 A US3166618 A US 3166618A US 58759 A US58759 A US 58759A US 5875960 A US5875960 A US 5875960A US 3166618 A US3166618 A US 3166618A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ball
nib
writing
filler
housing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US58759A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fehling Hans Reinhard
Harvey Edward Henry
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IRC Ltd
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IRC Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/16—Solid spheres
    • C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0013—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fillers dispersed in the moulding material, e.g. metal particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K1/00—Nibs; Writing-points
    • B43K1/08—Nibs; Writing-points with ball points; Balls or ball beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/725—Drawing or writing equipment
    • B29L2031/7252—Pens, ball-point pens

Definitions

  • FIG 5 INVENTORS luv/Mp Fem-me E'owneo Hsuny llmzvsr B BY W Mam flTTom/5y5 HAus R:
  • the writing extremity or nib incorporates a socket or housing for a'writing-ball which latterpartly protrudes from the socket or housing but is rotatably held therein, without substantial play, between aninturned' lip anda base seat within the'housing and is supplied with a Writing substance (hereinafterreferred to as ink) through a feed duct leading through the base seat to the ball, the arrangement and disposition of the parts being such that as thefball is rotated such as by being moved over and in contactwith a writing surface such as a sheet of paper the ball carries a thin film of ink through the narrow gap formed between the ball and its housing which film is deposited onf said surfaceas a writing trace.
  • ink Writing substance
  • thebearing surfaces 'or 'sfeating surfaces provided in the housing for the ball are part-spherical and comprise a part-spherical lateral, seating surrounding the ball in the regionoftheball equator.and'a part-spherical base seat (which may be discontinuous, being dividedjby at least one ink channel leading outwards fromthe'lend of the feed duct).
  • Typical designs of housing are shown in Unitedstates Patent No. 2,390,636. k
  • thermoplastic materials Subsidiary reasons aredimen sional instability and'permeability to water Vapour of such materials, as well as the difficulty of producing a nib in suchmaterials which gives a. writing trace heavy enough to bejacceptable.
  • thermoplastic vessels exposed to normal temperate conditions, they absorb moisture through the walls of such vessels and suffer a decrease in viscosity which is most undesirable. Furthermore, the absorbed moisture may cause the precipitation of some constituents of the ink, and result in the blockage of the very narrow ink filled passages'adjacent to the ball thus I rendering the instrument useless. 7
  • One'object o fthis'invention is to overcome these difiiculties, at least in part, and' to"; devise means ofproducing a ball-point pen nib from-a suitable thermoplastic material, such-that the result-ingwriting instrument performs satisfactorily.
  • nib refers either to the blank, or partially formed product of the molding operation,-or to the completely. formed writing 'tip, with or without the writing ball.
  • the invention consists in a method of manufactur ing a nib 'for a ball point pen by injection molding from an injection-moldable material consisting of a suitablethermoplastic material which is soloaded with a finely *divided solid filler of suitable size and shape that the "elasticity modulus in compression of the molded material is not less than 6x10 -p.s.i'. and preferably exceeds '8 X10 p.s.i.
  • injection moldable we mean that the loaded I material is capable of being injection molded.
  • the thermoplastic material is preferably a' synthetic polyamide resinor similar wear resistant plastic having preferably an elastic-ity modulus in compression of not less than l l0 p.s.i. such as polycarbonate or acetal resins.
  • Patented Jan. 19, 1965 l pression of not less than 2x10 p.s.i. molded material contains preferably not less than 20 percent by volume of such granular filler.
  • the filler material should be dimensionally stable and impermeable to water vapour.
  • the material may contain small quantities of additives, e.g., pigments and/ or low friction substances like graphite or molybdenumdisulphite. Copper powder, in head form, is a particularly satisfactory filler.
  • the invention provides the further step, in the manufacture of a ball point nib by the method above defined, of forming the part-spherical seating surfaces in the socket or housing subsequently to the molding operation by permanently deforming the material of the nib around a ball or ball-like member, inserted in the socket, under the application of pressure and of sutficient heat to render the material sufficiently plastic to conform to the surface of said member. Subsequent to the deformation of the material around the ball or ball-like member, the latter may be withdravm and a writing ball of slightly smaller diameter may be inserted. V
  • the invention also consists in providing a rigid'injection-moldable material suitable for articles manufactured by injection molding and having-an elasticity modu- .filler having an elasticity modulus in compression of not less than 2 1O p.s.i., and a melting point above the molding temperature.
  • the thermoplastic material is a synthetic polyamide resin or similar wear resistant plastic, and the filler consists of substantially spherical particles.
  • Polyhexamethylene-sebacamide is a particularly suitable material. 7
  • the invention further consists of a nib, for a ball point pen, at least the housing of which nib is manufactured by injection molding a mixture of a synthetic polyamide resin or similar wear resistant material as a matrix and a finely divided solid filler of suitable size and shape such that the elasticity modulus in compression of the molded material is not less than 6 l0 p.s.i. and preferably exceeds 8x10 p.s.i.
  • all figures for the elasticity modulus of plastic materials refer to the latter in the completely dry state at a temperature of 20C. This state can, for example, be attained by storing the material over calcium chloride for a sufiicient time.
  • the material as molded is not necessarily'completely dry.
  • All metals commonly used in the manufacture of ball point pen nibs are sufficiently rigid to withstand any noticeable distortion under writing pressure.
  • the elasticity modulus of brass and aluminum alloys is, for example, of theorder of 1X 10 p.s.i. On the other hand, all such metals are subject to significant wear due to the abrasive effect of dust and fibers picked up by the writing ball and entrained into the nib by its rotation.
  • Synthetic polyamide resins have considerable wear resistance and have in fact proved superior from this point of view to metals when used for the manufacture of ball point nibs. But the compression modulus of this class of materials is less than one tenth of that of metals.
  • the invention consists in a material suitable for injection molding consisting of a matrix of a suitable thermoplastic substance'filled with a finely dispersed rigid filler, the fractional volume of said filler in said material being more than 10% andless, but preferably not substantially less, than the maximum fractional volume of said filler in air.
  • the viscosity of the unfilled thermoplastic liquid substance in the molten condition should be as low as possible, as it is otherwise impossible to fillit to the extent desired without obtaining a mixture whichcan-no longer be molded at a normal injection pressure.
  • polyamides are particularly suitable as their viscosity is of the order of 1,000 to 2,000 poises at the temperature of molding.
  • Other plastics like methylmethacrylate are not suitable for this reason as their viscosity in the unfilled state already approaches. the present limit of moldability which is of the order of 100,000 to 150,000 poises.
  • the invention further consists in a nib for a ball point pen manufactured by injection molding from such a material with a matrix consisting of a wear resistant thermoplastic substance like a synthetic polyamide resin and afiller consisting of a powder of oneor more ceramic and/or metallic materials with particles having a maximum linear dimension not exceeding 0.002 in. It-should, however, be, appreciated that this limit is nominal in the sense that no practical method of separation can ensure that a powder contains no particles above a certain size; nor is this essential for present purposes, as it is only necessary to ensure that the thinnest sections of a nib are uniformly filled with a homogeneous mixture of the material.
  • thermoplastic substance cannot be predicted Without experiment. Polyamides have given the best results so far. When filled according to the examples given below, the wear resistance has been substantially higher than that of present brass or bronze nibs. On the other hand, cellulose acetate and.
  • acetate-butyrateplastics have been found unsatisfactory which ofv all the. suitablethermoplastic substances at' present available, has the highest fluidity in molten form. In this case, perfect moldability was retained up to 55% by volume of copper or glass beads, the limit being reached at 6.1% (see Example 4 below).
  • Fractional volume of Compression modulus 8.510 p. s.i.
  • Compression modulus, dry 25 to 30x10 p.s.i.
  • EXAMPLE '5 EXAMPLE 6 Matrix.Polycar bonic acid ester of 4,4-dihydroxy-diphenyl-2,2 propane (Markrolon Grade S of Wegriken Bayer, Leverkusen compression modulus: 3.2.x 10 p.s.i.; maximum chip size: 16 mesh.
  • FIGURE 1' shows in section, and on a large scale, a writing extremity or nib, of the ball point type, suitable for manufacture by injecting molding
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagram, on a still larger scale, illustrating the dispersal of spherical particles within the.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates the molding process and parts of the tools
  • w i I wFIGURE 4- is a perspective view, partly brokenaway, illustrating the configuration of the socket as molded
  • FIGURE 5 is a similar perspective view.illustrating the configuration of the socket after the formation of the part-spherical seating surfaces
  • FIGURE 6 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view through th'e'base seat of a nib prepared according to the invention and fitted with a cratered ball;
  • FIGURE 7 is a schematic sectional view illustrating one state.
  • the writing ball 2 (usually 1 mm. diameter) is rotatably retained in a'socket or housing 3, without substantial play, by an inturned lip 4 on the nib, the ball being positioned between this inturned lip and a base seat consisting of a plurality of circumferentially-spaced, part-spherical, seating surfaces 5; it is held laterally by a part-spherical lateral seat 6 which. encircles it above and below the equatorial plane.
  • the lateral seat 6 is spaced from the base seat by an annular cavity 7 which surrounds the ball; there is an ink feed duct 8, 8a, which leads to the submerged pole of the ball and ink channels 9 lead from this duct, between the base seating surfaces 5, to the cavity 7.
  • the ball may be cratered ball a large-diameter upper part 10a which produces the substantially-cylindrical main portion of the socket, joined by a frusto-conical portion 10b to a stub 100 which produces part 8a of the feed duct 8.
  • the frusto-conical portion 1012 has a plurality (e.g. five) of circumferentially-spaced concave depressions 13 which may be formed by spark erosion. In the'molding operation, these depressions 13 result in complementary mounds or pimples 14 on the interior of the socket, as illustrated in FIG. 4, with the channels 9 extending between them from the feed duct 8,- 8a, to the substantially-cylindrical part of the housing.
  • Nibs according to this design could be man'- ufactured by injection molding the materials specified'in the above examples, under the following working conditions:
  • FIG. 1 The right hand partof FIG. 1 indicates how the particle size of the filler is limited by the configuration of the housing.
  • the actual arrangement of the spherical particles in the solidified material can best be described as a uniform random distribution not differing in its essential characteristics from the idealized arrangement shown in FIG. 2. It will be appreciated how close this packing is, and why a very large increase in rigidity can be obtained without destroying the mobility of the mixture in the molten It will be equally clear that the dimensional stability and resistance to permeation by water vapour are greatly increased, if the filler consists of a ceramic material (e.g. glass) or a metal (e.g. copper).
  • the ball In the present manufacture of ball point nibs the ball has to be retained in its housing by permanently deforming the housing walls round the ball such that they assume a spherical interior shape conforming to the hall.
  • FIGS. 7-and 8 The best method of hot deformation of the housing walls to produce both the-part-spherical base seat 5 and lateral seat 6 for the ball, illustrated in FIGS. 7-and 8, is the following:
  • An oversize ball of, say, 1.005 to 1.010 mm. is inserted into the open socket of the nib molding which is firmly positioned on a suitable anvil 19. This ball therefore rests on the mounds 14.
  • a heated die 20 with a conical recess 21 is brought into contact with the ball and the lip portion of the nib molding while in longitudinal alignment with the axis of the die and of the nib housing. Axial loading is applied to the die over a short period which suffices to convert the sections of the nib Material B 100 Nylon.
  • the oversize ball is pushed out of the housing, past the inturned lip 4, by a suitable needle passing through the feed channel at the rear of the ball.
  • a smaller ball of, say, 1,000 mm. is replaced by pushing it past the lip into thehousing.
  • plastics like the polycarbonate resin in Example 6 are capable of being permanently deformed without the application of heat. As in the case of metal nibs, the operation of peining does not jam the ball in its housing: due to the release of the elastic stresses set 'up during peining a radial clearance is formed between V with materials which, like synthetic polyamide resins, are
  • the best writing performance of nibs manufactured from this combination of materials was obtained by replacing the oversize ball used for deforming the lip by hot peining by a cratered ball as described in the copending United States application of Hans R. Alberting and Edward H. Harvey, Serial Number 29,608, filed May 17, 1960, and as illustrated in FIGURE 6 of this application.
  • the difference in diameter between the oversize ball and the cratered ball should be 8-10 microns.
  • the cratered ball should preferably have craters of 40 to 50 microns in diameter covering about 40% of the ball surface. Best results have been obtained by using, in such a nib, an ink having a viscosity between 50 and 100 poises at the normal temperature of writing.
  • the base-seat of a nib 1, equipped with a cratered ball 2' is illustrated on a much-enlarged scale in FIGURE 6.
  • the smooth surface 17 of the ball is pitted with a multiplicity of craters 16 of substantially uniform area dispersed over the whole of said surface. Therefore, in addition to the radial clearance or gap between the smooth spherical surface of the ball and the part-spherical seating surfaces (such as 5) through which gap the ink is carried in shear by' rotation of the ball, the craters 16 carry ink bodily from the housing to the writing surface irrespective of the size of the radial clearance.
  • the craters are produced by spark-erosion in accordance with the said co-pending patent application.
  • the ball is a polished stainless steel ball 1 mm. in diameter pitted with craters of about 40 microns in diameter and about 6 microns deep, the craters We claim: V
  • a method for making a nib for a ball point writing instrument comprising the steps of preparing a deformable plastic material loaded with at least ten percent by volume of a finely divided solid filler material so that the resultant mixture is capable of injection molding and has an elasticity modulus in compression of at least 6X10 p.s.i. when dry, and injecting the mixture into a mold to form a nib housing having a central ink duct, a ballreceiving socket communicating with the ink duct provided with a plurality of base seat mounds surrounding the ink duct and a rim portion adapted to be deformed to retain a ball in the socket.
  • a method according to claim 1 including the steps of removing at least the socket-forming part of the mold and inserting a die member having a spherical surface into the socket and applying sufficient pressure to permanently deform the base seat mounds to provide partspherical base seating surfaces thereon for theball.
  • thermoplastic thermoplastic

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
US58759A 1959-10-02 1960-09-27 Method of making a nib for a ball point writing instrument Expired - Lifetime US3166618A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB33524/59A GB964886A (en) 1959-10-02 1959-10-02 Improvements in and relating to nibs of ball point pens

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US (1) US3166618A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH405701A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB964886A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL256433A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3254147A (en) * 1961-12-29 1966-05-31 Nakada Tozaburo Method of manufacturing ball-pen points of synthetic resin
US3418705A (en) * 1966-06-15 1968-12-31 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for mounting shafts and like devices in plastic cabinets
US3520630A (en) * 1968-03-01 1970-07-14 Coors Porcelain Co Ballpoint assembly
US3671616A (en) * 1967-03-30 1972-06-20 Tozaburo Nakata Method of manufacturing ball-pens
US3708234A (en) * 1970-03-10 1973-01-02 Pentel Kk Ball holder of ball-point pen
US4134199A (en) * 1977-09-16 1979-01-16 Modern Mold & Tool Corp. Method for producing ball point pen nibs
US4186170A (en) * 1976-04-10 1980-01-29 Engraving Specialists (Leicester) Ltd. Method of producing a molded plastic article
US4368184A (en) * 1977-11-21 1983-01-11 Carter-Wallace, Inc. Method for the application of antiperspirant powder compositions
DE3818786C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1988-06-02 1990-03-22 J. S. Staedtler Gmbh & Co, 8500 Nuernberg, De
EP3590726A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-08 Société BIC Textured ball seat

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4652602A (en) * 1985-06-04 1987-03-24 General Electric Company Blow-moldable polycarbonate resin compositions

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2542263A (en) * 1947-01-31 1951-02-20 Clearing Machine Corp Plastic molding
US2660151A (en) * 1948-04-28 1953-11-24 Scripto Inc Writing instrument
US2877501A (en) * 1952-12-24 1959-03-17 Fiberfil Corp Glass-reinforced thermoplastic injection molding compound and injection-molding process employing it
US2892217A (en) * 1954-08-20 1959-06-30 Luboshez Sergius N Ferris Process for bending plastic sheet material
US2911949A (en) * 1955-01-10 1959-11-10 Parker Pen Co Writing instrument

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2542263A (en) * 1947-01-31 1951-02-20 Clearing Machine Corp Plastic molding
US2660151A (en) * 1948-04-28 1953-11-24 Scripto Inc Writing instrument
US2877501A (en) * 1952-12-24 1959-03-17 Fiberfil Corp Glass-reinforced thermoplastic injection molding compound and injection-molding process employing it
US2892217A (en) * 1954-08-20 1959-06-30 Luboshez Sergius N Ferris Process for bending plastic sheet material
US2911949A (en) * 1955-01-10 1959-11-10 Parker Pen Co Writing instrument

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3254147A (en) * 1961-12-29 1966-05-31 Nakada Tozaburo Method of manufacturing ball-pen points of synthetic resin
US3418705A (en) * 1966-06-15 1968-12-31 Gen Electric Method and apparatus for mounting shafts and like devices in plastic cabinets
US3671616A (en) * 1967-03-30 1972-06-20 Tozaburo Nakata Method of manufacturing ball-pens
US3520630A (en) * 1968-03-01 1970-07-14 Coors Porcelain Co Ballpoint assembly
US3708234A (en) * 1970-03-10 1973-01-02 Pentel Kk Ball holder of ball-point pen
US4186170A (en) * 1976-04-10 1980-01-29 Engraving Specialists (Leicester) Ltd. Method of producing a molded plastic article
US4134199A (en) * 1977-09-16 1979-01-16 Modern Mold & Tool Corp. Method for producing ball point pen nibs
US4368184A (en) * 1977-11-21 1983-01-11 Carter-Wallace, Inc. Method for the application of antiperspirant powder compositions
DE3818786C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1988-06-02 1990-03-22 J. S. Staedtler Gmbh & Co, 8500 Nuernberg, De
US5104249A (en) * 1988-06-02 1992-04-14 J.S. Staedtler Gmbh & Co. Writing tip for a ball point pen
EP3590726A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-08 Société BIC Textured ball seat
WO2020007653A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-09 Societe Bic Textured ball seat
US20210245543A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2021-08-12 SOCIéTé BIC Textured ball seat
US11794509B2 (en) * 2018-07-03 2023-10-24 SOCIéTé BIC Textured ball seat

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Publication number Publication date
GB964886A (en) 1964-07-22
NL256433A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH405701A (fr) 1966-01-15

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