US3130086A - Materials and method for use in applying chromate conversion coatings on zinciferous surfaces - Google Patents
Materials and method for use in applying chromate conversion coatings on zinciferous surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3130086A US3130086A US296491A US29649163A US3130086A US 3130086 A US3130086 A US 3130086A US 296491 A US296491 A US 296491A US 29649163 A US29649163 A US 29649163A US 3130086 A US3130086 A US 3130086A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liter
- zinc
- coating
- grams
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000007744 chromate conversion coating Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 101100459267 Crotalus durissus terrificus CRO3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 101150066095 TIF6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 58
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 37
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHADWTWCQJVOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxido-(oxido(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KHADWTWCQJVOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/37—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also hexavalent chromium compounds
Definitions
- a concomitant object is the provision of an aqueous acid chromate conversion coating solution which, over long periods of use, is capable of forming consistently high quality coatings on zinc surfaces.
- Yet another object of this invention is the provision of an aqueous acid chromate conversion coating solution which will essentially completely react with zinc surfaces thereby leaving no water soluble salts thereon after drying even without the benefit of a final rinse.
- the present invention is based upon the discovery that an aqueous acid solution consisting essentially of:
- substantially no alkali or alkaline earth cations is meant such cations which might be added deliberately as in prior art coating processes: This term is not intended to, and does not, imply that the normal levels of cations found in the usual commercial water supplies must be eliminated prior to use in the coating solutions of this invention.
- the chromate conversion coating solutions of this invention must be present in the chromate conversion coating solutions of this invention in an amount of at least 3.0 grams/liter. If the minimum amount of zinc is permitted to fall below 3.0 grams/litenthe zinc surfaces being treated will be subjected to an etching action with very little, if any coating being formed thereon. So far as an upper limit of zinc ion is concerned, there is no apparent limitation with respect to the coating ability of the solution. For example, where the amount of zinc present in the solution exceeds the stoichiometr-ic quantity required for forming hexavalent chromium salts thereof, such excess amounts of zinc will then become associated with other available anions in the coating solution, i.e., sulfate and complex fluoride ions.
- Zinc When the amount of Zinc exceeds the quantity required to become stoichiometrically associated with all of the anions present in the coating solution, then there occurs a precipitation believed to be zinc chromate (ZnCr0 upon the zinc surfaces being treated.
- this salt precipitation has not been found to be detrimental to coating quality, and is undesirable only from the viewpoint of excess chemical consumption.
- this cation may be added as the oxide, or as a salt of one of the essential anions, such as for example zinc sulfate, zinc dichromate or zinc fluosilicate.
- an important jconsideration tobe observed is that whatever salt of zinc is employed, the anionportion thereof must not be in any way detrimental to the coating reaction.
- Anions which have been found to be detrimental when addedto the coating solutions of this inven- .tion include chloride and simple fluoride.
- Theformer stituent be present in amounts ranging from 5.0 to 35 grams/liter. Where less than the minimum amount is employed, the corrosion resistant qualities of the subsequently produced coatings will be found to'be adversely affected.
- the upper limit of hexavalent chromium is equally critical, and should not exceed 35 grams/liter in order to avoid the occurrence of blistering under subsequently applied painted films after exposure of the metal to humid atmospheres.
- Hexavalent chromium ion is preferably added to the coating solutions of this invention in the form of chromic trioxide (CrO
- this coating anion may be introduced as a salt of zinc if desired.
- sulfate ion (calculated as 80,) which must be employed in the freshly prepared coating solutions of this invention, must, as noted hereinabove, be within the range of' 0.05 to 27 grams/liter. If the sulfate concentration falls below 0.05 gram/liter, any coatings which will be produced, if indeed any are produced at all, will be found to be very thin and of very low weight so that nouseful coatings can be obtained. Conversely, if the amount'of sulfate ion in the coating solution as initiallyfprepared is allowed to exceed 27 grams/liter,
- the impact test comprises dropping a inchball upon a test panel under a given inch-pound force. 'The deformed surface is then examined for loose or cracked paint and ratingsin inches of paint failure are reported.
- the discovery of the effect of the useof nitric 'acid is especially surprising in'view of applicants further discovery that nitric acid, .when used alone in place of the sulfuric acid, fails completely to produce the desired I coatings upon zinc surfaces.
- more or less of this constituent can be utilized.
- the upper limit of complex fluoride radical appears to be controlled solely by the limit of solubility" of the respective radical in the acid coating solution.
- the coating solutions of the present invention may be applied to zinc surfaces by any conventional means such 5 as spraying, dipping or roller coating. Roller coating is preferred since it has been found to be particularly adaptable to commercial strip line operations and provides consistently high quality results without the need of auxiliary equipment required in dip or spray operations.
- the resulting coating may be water rinsed and air dried preparatory to the application of a siccative film.
- the chromate conversion coating may be baked after application, whether or not a water rinse was utilized.
- a preferred operation consists in employing a water rinse followed by air drying, and the subsequent application of a siccative film. The painted metal surface is then baked to cure the decorative organic finish.
- Zinc surfaces which are to be coated by the process of this invention should be given a suitable cleaning pretreatment for removal of oils, greases, etc. which are frequently present on such surfaces.
- a suitable cleaning pretreatment for removal of oils, greases, etc. which are frequently present on such surfaces.
- This solution as prepared, had a pH of 2.03 and was applied to clean, galvanized steel panels using a 10 second spray application at 48 C.
- the coatings produced were iridescent, golden-brown in color, and the panels were subsequently painted with an acrylic paint and cured at 230 C. for three minutes. After 336 hours of salt spray testing (ASTM-B-117-61) the coated and painted panels were examined and found to contain only a trace of corrosion.
- solid, concentrated formulations of the essential coating constituents for purposes of making up and replenishing the coating solutions of this invention.
- These solid concentrates must contain from 3.5 to 10% of a zinc salt of a complex fluoride radical selected from the class above described, from 40 to 65 CrO or the equivalent amount of CrO in the form of a zinc salt thereof, and the balance to be supplied by a zinc salt selected from the class consisting essentially of the oxide and the sulfate.
- the solid, concentrated formulations may in some cases require the addition of sulfuric acid upon dissolution with water so as to provide the desired initial level of the essential sulfate ions.
- Example 11 This admixture is dissolved in suflicient dilute sulfuric acid to make a solution containing 5% by weight of the above composition having a pH of 1.25.
- An aqueous acid solution consisting essentially of:
- the solution of claim 1 which also contains nitrate 3.
- the solution of claim 1 which has a pH between 1.0 and 2.0.
- the zinc ion is supplied from the group consisting of zinc oxide and the sulfate, dichromate and fluosilicate salts of zinc and where in the zinc content is no greater than the quantity required to satisfy the stoichiometric amount needed fully to satisfy all of the anions present in the coating solution.
- a solid concentrate for use in preparingan aqueous acidcoating solution upon dissolution in water consisting essentially of (a) 3.5 to 10% of azinc salt of a complex fluoride radical selectedfrom the class consisting of Til- BF and SiF (b) from. 40 to CrO and (c) the balance zinc sulfate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL127354D NL127354C (en)) | 1963-07-22 | ||
| BE638461D BE638461A (en)) | 1963-07-22 | ||
| NL297873D NL297873A (en)) | 1963-07-22 | ||
| US296491A US3130086A (en) | 1963-07-22 | 1963-07-22 | Materials and method for use in applying chromate conversion coatings on zinciferous surfaces |
| GB33177/63A GB1061436A (en) | 1963-07-22 | 1963-08-21 | Improvements in or relating to solutions and processes for the coating of zinc and its alloys |
| FR947790A FR1375966A (fr) | 1963-07-22 | 1963-09-17 | Perfectionnements apportés aux solutions et procédés pour réaliser des revêtements superficiels chromatés sur le zinc et les alliages de zinc |
| DE19631521657 DE1521657B2 (de) | 1963-07-22 | 1963-11-06 | Lösungen und Verfahren zum Chromatieren von Zink und seinen Legierungen und Konzentrat zum Herstellen oder Ergänzen der Lösungen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US296491A US3130086A (en) | 1963-07-22 | 1963-07-22 | Materials and method for use in applying chromate conversion coatings on zinciferous surfaces |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3130086A true US3130086A (en) | 1964-04-21 |
Family
ID=23142221
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US296491A Expired - Lifetime US3130086A (en) | 1963-07-22 | 1963-07-22 | Materials and method for use in applying chromate conversion coatings on zinciferous surfaces |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3130086A (en)) |
| BE (1) | BE638461A (en)) |
| DE (1) | DE1521657B2 (en)) |
| GB (1) | GB1061436A (en)) |
| NL (2) | NL297873A (en)) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3404046A (en) * | 1964-09-25 | 1968-10-01 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Chromating of zinc and aluminum and composition therefor |
| FR2134521A1 (en)) * | 1971-04-26 | 1972-12-08 | Eltzroth & Ass J M | |
| US4266988A (en) * | 1980-03-25 | 1981-05-12 | J. M. Eltzroth & Associates, Inc. | Composition and process for inhibiting corrosion of ferrous or non-ferrous metal surfaced articles and providing receptive surface for synthetic resin coating compositions |
| US5401334A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1995-03-28 | Titeflex Corporation | Fluoropolymer aluminum laminate |
| USD468002S1 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2002-12-31 | Alliance Plastics | Protective valve cap |
| CN103805982A (zh) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-21 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种镍钝化液及其制备方法和镍表面钝化的方法 |
| CN116656190A (zh) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-08-29 | 苏州弗克技术股份有限公司 | 一种单组分玻璃质基材用界面涂料及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3660172A (en) * | 1970-08-19 | 1972-05-02 | Amchem Prod | Prepaint treatment for zinciferous surfaces |
| US12188130B2 (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2025-01-07 | Freiborne Industries, Inc. | Acid zinc sulfate metal pretreatment |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2276353A (en) * | 1935-09-28 | 1942-03-17 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Process of coating |
| US2762731A (en) * | 1952-03-29 | 1956-09-11 | American Chem Paint Co | Method of and materials for producing paint bonding films on ferriferous metal surfaces |
| US2786002A (en) * | 1954-04-28 | 1957-03-19 | American Chem Paint Co | Method of treating zinciferous surfaces |
| US2948643A (en) * | 1958-01-22 | 1960-08-09 | Turco Products Inc | Process and compositions for producing aluminum surface conversion coatings |
-
0
- BE BE638461D patent/BE638461A/xx unknown
- NL NL127354D patent/NL127354C/xx active
- NL NL297873D patent/NL297873A/xx unknown
-
1963
- 1963-07-22 US US296491A patent/US3130086A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-08-21 GB GB33177/63A patent/GB1061436A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-11-06 DE DE19631521657 patent/DE1521657B2/de active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2276353A (en) * | 1935-09-28 | 1942-03-17 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Process of coating |
| US2762731A (en) * | 1952-03-29 | 1956-09-11 | American Chem Paint Co | Method of and materials for producing paint bonding films on ferriferous metal surfaces |
| US2786002A (en) * | 1954-04-28 | 1957-03-19 | American Chem Paint Co | Method of treating zinciferous surfaces |
| US2948643A (en) * | 1958-01-22 | 1960-08-09 | Turco Products Inc | Process and compositions for producing aluminum surface conversion coatings |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3404046A (en) * | 1964-09-25 | 1968-10-01 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Chromating of zinc and aluminum and composition therefor |
| FR2134521A1 (en)) * | 1971-04-26 | 1972-12-08 | Eltzroth & Ass J M | |
| US4266988A (en) * | 1980-03-25 | 1981-05-12 | J. M. Eltzroth & Associates, Inc. | Composition and process for inhibiting corrosion of ferrous or non-ferrous metal surfaced articles and providing receptive surface for synthetic resin coating compositions |
| WO1981002749A1 (en) * | 1980-03-25 | 1981-10-01 | Eltzroth & Ass J M | Composition for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces |
| US5401334A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1995-03-28 | Titeflex Corporation | Fluoropolymer aluminum laminate |
| US5531841A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1996-07-02 | Titeflex Corporation | Fluoropolymer aluminum laminate |
| USD468002S1 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2002-12-31 | Alliance Plastics | Protective valve cap |
| CN103805982A (zh) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-21 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种镍钝化液及其制备方法和镍表面钝化的方法 |
| CN103805982B (zh) * | 2012-11-13 | 2017-02-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种镍钝化液及其制备方法和镍表面钝化的方法 |
| CN116656190A (zh) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-08-29 | 苏州弗克技术股份有限公司 | 一种单组分玻璃质基材用界面涂料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL297873A (en)) | |
| DE1521657B2 (de) | 1970-12-03 |
| DE1521657A1 (de) | 1969-10-02 |
| NL127354C (en)) | |
| GB1061436A (en) | 1967-03-15 |
| BE638461A (en)) |
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