US3117887A - Apparatus and procedure for evaporating metal in vacuum metalizing - Google Patents

Apparatus and procedure for evaporating metal in vacuum metalizing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3117887A
US3117887A US151661A US15166161A US3117887A US 3117887 A US3117887 A US 3117887A US 151661 A US151661 A US 151661A US 15166161 A US15166161 A US 15166161A US 3117887 A US3117887 A US 3117887A
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metal
aluminum
faces
vapor
plate
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US151661A
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George A Shepard
Jr Carl F Brooker
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Republic Steel Corp
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Republic Steel Corp
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Priority to US151661A priority Critical patent/US3117887A/en
Priority to GB39611/62A priority patent/GB964461A/en
Priority to FR913397A priority patent/FR1337659A/fr
Priority to BE624470D priority patent/BE624470A/xx
Priority to LU42655D priority patent/LU42655A1/xx
Priority to DER33848A priority patent/DE1293516B/de
Priority to NL285351D priority patent/NL285351A/xx
Priority to NL285351A priority patent/NL125589C/xx
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Publication of US3117887A publication Critical patent/US3117887A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/26—Vacuum evaporation by resistance or inductive heating of the source

Definitions

  • This invention relates to vacuum metalizing, i.e., meth- Oils and apparatus for generating and depositing metal vapor in a vacuum, to produce metal coatings on various articles.
  • the invention is concerned with improved means and methods of vaporizing metal for plating such metal on desired substrates, especially strip materials such as thin steel strip.
  • the supplied heat not only keeps the aluminum molten and melts further supplies of the metal, but converts such metal into vapor which travels to a passing work surface above the boat, where the vapor condenses or deposits as an adherent, solid film.
  • the apparatus is enclosed in a suitable chamber or vessel, with appropriate connection to vacuum pumping means so that a relatively high vacuum, of the order of microns or fractions of a micron of mercury, is maintained at all times.
  • important features of the invention comprise the provision of a metal heating and vaporizing member of plate or block-like configuration, arranged in a vertical position and havingoppositely facing surfaces of relatively considerable area.
  • This heating and vaporizing member is composedof appropriately durable material, resistant to attack under the conditions of use and having electrical properties appropriate for generation of heat at the desired rate. Examples of suitable material are given hereinbelow; indeed :a variety of substances known as appropriate for conventional boats or similar structures of the prior art, can be employed for the present device.
  • the material of the metalcarrying and evaporating element will sometimes be identified herein simply as electrical resistance material, it being understood that such term is employed to designate compositions of the type just described, and it being further understood that reference-s to an elementcomposed of the defined material will in general include combinations of substances, e.g., as in the use of a core of one material, having superior electrical properties, with an outer sheath of sufficient thickness) having superior resistance to deterioration.
  • the invention further embraces the combination of means engaging the plate-like member at its top and bottom ends for holding it in a vertical position, preferably under spring pressure, together with elements, which may cooperate in constituting the supporting means, for conducting electric current to the ends of the plate, i.e., for passage of such current through the latter and through the coatings of molten metal hereon.
  • Means are further provided for supplying aluminum continuously to both faces of the heating member, a special feature residing in arrangements for feeding aluminum wire .or equivalent body of aluminum to each of the faces at an uppermost region thereof.
  • the wire or like members continuously urged against the respective faces of the vaporizing block are continuously melted, causing the molten aluminum to spread, as a coating, across and indeed all over each face of the block, including the entire area below the locality of impingement of the wire and any small area above it.
  • the material composing the heating element is selected to be wetted by molten aluminum, at least at the operating temperatures, whereby the desired spread of molten metal over each entire face is readily achieved.
  • this arrangement when brought to temperature and established with a descending coating of aluminum on each side, functions to cause evaporation of the metal under the vacuum conditions whereby the vapor is projected outwardly and in a preponderantly lateral direction.
  • the method of the invention embraces the generation and outward projection of metal vapor from descending coatings of the molten metal on oppositely facing surfaces of a plate-like structure, supply of metal to such surfaces being effected by feed of aluminum wire or equivalent into abutment with an upper part of each surface.
  • An important mode of arrangement involves the disposition of the described vapor source between vertical paths traversed by the work structure to be coated, the work being sometimes described, in this art, as the substrate upon which the metal of the vapor is deposited.
  • the operation is such that the strip travels upward past one face of the source, and then after traversing an appropriately shielded roller, moves back downward in spaced and appropriately close 3 relation to the opposite face. In this fashion two coats or films of the transmitted metal are applied to the same surface of the strip, thus building up a particularly satisfactory coating.
  • the latter In an operation designed to treat both surfaces of the strip, the latter would then be turned vertically upward again, while maintaining a second vapor source, of identical construction with the first, in the U-shaped loop so provided.
  • the vapor-producing device and method is unusually convenient and reliable and provides an abundant supply of condensable metal vapor. Coatings of desirable thickness are thus readily and economically obtained, even at relatively high speeds of strip travel. While some proposals have heretofore been made for the use of an upright rod as a heating and vaporizing element, such methods have generally involved attempts to disposed molten metal on the rod by its creeping upward from a pool into which the rod dips.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the vapor source of the invention, with certain necessary elements related to the source, all arranged to illustrate the disposition of this and another similar source to coat both sides of a passing strip;
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical view, generally in elevation, of the arrangement of the invention in a vacuum chamber, some parts being shown in vertical cross-section;
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the aluminum-holding part of the combination shown in FIG. 2, with illustration of the spring-supporting means also shown in FIG. 1.
  • the invention is illustrated in connection with vacuum deposition of aluminum on steel strip 10, which is continuously fed lengthwise into the evacuated region from a suitable coil (not shown) to a roller 11 about which the strip is turned upward, at right angles, to travel vertically as indicated at Illa.
  • a suitable coil not shown
  • the strip traverses another roller 12, turning through 180 and thence descending, as at 1012 to a further roller 13 below.
  • a vapor source assembly 14 is disposed between the vertical portions 10a, lilb of the traveling strip, for applying two successive layers or films of aluminum upon the surface of the strip which faces the source.
  • the strip may turn upwardly again as at 100, from the roller 13, so as eventually to be delivered over the roller 15 and out of the evacuated space to a take-up reel or coil, not shown.
  • the chamber or vessel in which the apparatus is disposed and which is subjected to vacuum is of any conventional or suitable nature and is therefore not shown in FIG. 1, although such vessel is indicated by simplified representation of its top and bottom walls 17, 18 in FIG. 2.
  • the vapor source comprises a plate-like body or block 20 of electrical resistance material, for example, a monolithic element consisting of a compacted, homogeneous mixture of boron nitride and titanium diboride.
  • the element 2% is advantageously elongated in a vertical direction, with wide faces 21, 22 extending vertically and disposed respectively opposite the near faces of the traveling strip portions 10a and lilb.
  • the upper and lower ends of the plate 249 (which has sometimes been designated as a boat, because of its similarity of function rather than of appearance to the horizontal evaporating boats previously used) are engaged by respective connector elements 23, 24.
  • each is shown as having a tapered cavity, as at 26 in the element 23, into which a correspondingly tapered or truncated wedge-like portion of the member 2t will fit. That is to say, the elements 23, 24 are identical and suitably engage the ends of the member 26? in good electrical contact, the wedgeshaped arrangement of the latter being merely illustrated as one of various suitable modes of achieving such contact.
  • Each of these connector members is also interiorly hollowed or drilled, as at 27 in the member 23, to accommodate a circulating, liquid coolant, supplied through proper connecting tubes, as the tubes 28, 29 for the member 23 and the tubes 3t), 31 for the member 24%.
  • the copper tubes 23, 29 and 3t 31 are carried to the outside of the vacuum chamber, for example through insulating fittings as shown for purposes of illustration at 32, 33 in the walls 18, 17 of FIG. 2.
  • This copper tubing also functions as electrical conductor, whereby one side of an adjustable current source 35 is connected to the tubes 28, 29 and thus to the upper end of the plate 20, while the other side of the source 35 extends to the other tubes 30, 31 and hence to the lower end of the plate. Water or other suitable coolant is circulated through the tubing, for corresponding removal of heat from the copper connectors 23, 24.
  • Means are provided to hold the assembly of the source plate and connectors in desired position.
  • a pair of heavy spring steel strips 36, 37 (FIG. 3) are supported, as by a wall (not shown) of the chamber, with the aid of suitable means, diagrammatically illustrated as bracket arms 38, 39, the arrangement being such that the outer ends 36a, 37a of the strips tend to be sprung apart by a substantially greater distance than the vertical height of the vapor source assembly.
  • bracket arms 38, 39 diagrammatically illustrated as bracket arms 38, 39, the arrangement being such that the outer ends 36a, 37a of the strips tend to be sprung apart by a substantially greater distance than the vertical height of the vapor source assembly.
  • These ends 36a, 370 are brought into engagement with the assembly, specifically with intervening electrical insulation blocks it), 41, respectively abutting the top and bottom faces of the electrical con ductors 23, 24, all in such fashion as to hold the assembly firmly together and in place.
  • a screwdown device consisting of a rod 42 having its threaded ends passed through holes in the arms 36, 37 and retained by corresponding nuts 43, 44, brings the arms together so that their free ends 36a, 37a engage the vapor source assembly with considerable spring pressure.
  • the nuts 43, 44 are suitably screwed down so that the stiff resilience of the arms 36, 37 over the regions between the screw-down rod 42 and the source assembly 14 provides substantial spring loading in the engagement of the arm portions 36a, 37a with the insulator blocks 40, 41 and in holding the connectors 23, 24 firmly against d the ends of the plate 20.
  • the resilient support of the source assembly not only holds it in the vertical position, with good contact of the electrical connectors, but also allows freedom for expansion, e.g., during heat up.
  • Supply of aluminum metal in solid form to the faces 21, 22 of the plate or boat is achieved by feeding aluminum wire, or such metal in equivalent, elongated pieces, against uppermost areas of the surfaces.
  • aluminum wires 46, 47, entering the chamber from suitable supplies (not shown) are advanced continuously lengthwise by appropriate means as indicated at 4-8, 49 so that the leading end of each wire continuously abuts the corresponding face of the plate 20, and melts off to furnish the desired coating, for evaporation.
  • the described arrangement has been found to function effectively in achieving delivery of aluminum vapor in a lateral direction from the faces 21, 22.
  • the element 2%) is gradually heated by passing current through it, ie, by resistance heating.
  • some wire is fed to the surfaces, i.e., by advancing the wires 46, 47 against the faces, where it promptly melts and spreads over each surface, providing a coating of descending molten metal.
  • the current supply is maintained, continuing the heating action, so that evaporation of aluminum commences and thereafter continues indefinitely.
  • the heating current actually travels both through the plate or block 2t) and the layer of aluminum on its surfaces, although the major development of heat is occasioned by the path through the plate, which is composed of material having substantially higher electrical resistance than aluminum metal.
  • Control of the operation is relatively simple, the chief requirement being to maintain a balance between the rate of metal feed, with the wire 46, 4'7, and the current supply to the assembly. If the metal feed rate is too high, the resistance becomes low, so that not enough heat is generated for desired conversion or the desired rate of conversion of the aluminum to vapor form. That is to say, an over-supply of metal provides an overly thick layer or coating of aluminum in molten form, increasing the low resistance path and reducing the heating effect. On the other hand, if the metal feed rate is unduly low, the element 20 becomes too hot, with a resultant tendency to crack and deteriorate. It has been found quite easy, however, to maintain a balance so that abundant vapor is generated and the plate 20 nevertheless does not get too hot.
  • control factors of feed rate and current flow may be adjusted from time to time to preserve balance of conditions, it being understood that unavoidable attack on the material of the structure 20 by the molten aluminum may alter the electrical profile of the structure, i.e., its resistance and thus its heat-producing ability, at various localized regions.
  • a plate 8 inches tall, 2 inches wide and 1 inch thick, thus providing two faces 22, 21, each having dimensions 2 inches by v8 inches, has been found to be efficient in producing and delivering aluminum vapor at rates selectable in the range of a few grams per minute up to or grams per minute.
  • the life of the structure 20 tends to be shorter, an optimum value for feed rate being about 20 grams per minute with the element dimensioned as above.
  • Higher feed and delivery rates are indicated to be obtainable with structures 20 of larger cross-section than the given example, with no undue shortening of the life of the element.
  • the work structure or other substrate to be coated is advanced and passed along both sides of the vapor source, in appropriately spaced relation (as will be understood in the art) for deposition of the desired aluminum coating by condensation from the impinging vapor.
  • the vapor travels outward from 6 the faces of the source, e.g., along straight line paths, ranging generally from the perpendicular to some useful angle, whereby efficient deposit of aluminum is achieved on the passing work, such as the steel strip indicated at 10a, 1%.
  • control of the operation is readily effected through inspection of the coated surfaces of the passing strip, as likewise on the surfaces of the member 20* (through an appropriate sight glass, not shown), the further observable factor being the amount of current flow from the source 35, as indicated by a meter (not shown).
  • adjustment is chiefly necessary of the rate of wire feed, in that if adequate coating is being obtained on the structures 10a, 10b, and the surfaces of the element 20 are Well coated with the metal, proper functioning is generally assured.
  • the aluminum is directly fed to the evaporating surface in solid form, while the structure serves both to melt and evaporate the metal, and the wetting of the surface with molten metal is greately assisted, to the point of maintaining an ample supply thereon at all times and at relatively high feed rates, by the aid of gravity in causing continuing downward flow. Evaporation can nevertheless be adequately controlled to prevent loss of molten metal at the foot of the plate; essentially all of the supplied aluminum is converted to vapor.
  • a presently preferred composition for the plate or block 20 is a mixture of borin nitride and a boride, such as zirconium or titanium boride, intimately and homogeneously compacted to form a block which is machined to the desired shape and dimensions.
  • a boride such as zirconium or titanium boride
  • the metal-melting and evaporating elements afford long periods of use, to the extent that more than 100 pounds of aluminum and indeed up to 150 pounds or more, may be evaporated at a satisfactorily rapid rate, before the condition of the element deteriorates to a point where it should be replaced for the sake of efficiency or other reasons.
  • the plate 20 may be a structure of composite nature, as in having a core of rather highly conductive material, encased by a layer or sheath of material specially resistant to corrosion or erosion but of relatively high electrical resistance.
  • any material having the requisite electrical properties, durability, and resistance to attack, as outlined hereinabove, may be employed for the body of the source element, being selected to suit the desired conditions and the metal to be evaporated, as will now be readily understood.
  • the insulating elements 40, 41 effective in permitting the spring loaded grasp of the source assembly by the members 36 and 37, are blocks of appropriate insulating material.
  • these members may be composed of refractory substances such as ceramic-type insulators, or alternatively, if cooling of the copper connector members 23 and 24 is sufliciently effective, other conventional insulating substances such as bakelite, hard rubber, or various other synthetic resins, may be employed.
  • the metalizing apparatus when the metalizing apparatus is first put in operation or when the equipment is restarted with a new plate 20, care is preferably taken to avoid adverse effects of unduly rapid heating-up.
  • the system With the cooling water traversing the connectors 23, 24 to keep them cool, the system is first pumped down to the metalizing pressure, for example one-half micron, and direct current is then passed through the plate or boat 20.
  • the heating is achieved gradually so that the material is not subject to unduly large thermal shock.
  • a temperature suflicient to evaporate aluminum e.g., 1260 C.
  • small amounts of wire are fed until the surfaces, particularly the opposed faces 21 and 22, are entirely wet with the molten metal.
  • the feed rate of the wire is then increased and adjusted, with appropriate adjustment of the current supply, until the rate of evaporation is equal to the feed rate, both preferably at a suitable value for optimum life of the vapor source element as explained above.
  • the size of the aluminum Wire supply is not critical, good results being readily obtained with wire of 0.062 to 0.375 inch diameter, for example 0.093 inch; larger wires are also contemplated, as for larger boats.
  • the described methods and apparatus are adaptable to vacuum deposition of other metals, particularly those with which vacuum evaporation and plating have been achieved.
  • any of a Wide variety of metals may be used, providing appropriate material for the source element is selected, to have the properties outline above, and suitable vacuum conditions are chosen; among others, some examples of such metals are gold, silver, cadmium and tin.
  • the selected metal may be fed in wire or other suitable solid form to the faces of an element 20 of appropriate composition, while the latter is electrically heated to provide full wetting of the surfaces with downwardly traveling molten metal, and to achieve continuous evaporation of such metal.
  • wire or other suitable solid form to the faces of an element 20 of appropriate composition, while the latter is electrically heated to provide full wetting of the surfaces with downwardly traveling molten metal, and to achieve continuous evaporation of such metal.
  • a metal vapor source comprising an upright plate-like structure of electrical resistance material having opposite vertical faces, means for feeding solid metal to the respective faces at upper portions thereof, to be melted against said faces, and to form a descending coating of molten metal on the faces, and current supplying means electrically connected to said structure at its top and bottom ends to generate heat by passage of electric current, for melting the supplied solid metal on the faces of the structure to establish the aforesaid coating and for evaporating metal from the aforesaid coating to deliver metal vapor laterally from said faces.
  • a metal vapor source comprising an upright plate of electrical resistance material having opposite vertical faces, means for feeding elongated members of solid metal against the respective faces at upper portions thereof, to be melted against said faces, and to form a coating of molten metal on the faces, and current supplying means electrically connected to said plate at its top and bottom ends to generate heat by passage of electric current, for melting the supplied solid metal on the faces of the structure to establish the aforesaid coating and for evaporating metal from the aforesaid coating to deliver metal vapor laterally from said faces.
  • a metal vapor source comprising an upright plate of electrical resistance material having opposite vertical faces, means for holding said plate at its top and bottom ends to support it in vertical position, current supplying means electrically connected to said ends to generate heat by passage of electric current through the plate and through the descending molten metal on the faces thereof, for vaporizing said metal, and means for feeding solid metal against the faces of the plate at an upper region thereof, for coating said faces with a layer of descending molten metal, for evaporation.
  • a metal vapor source comprising an upright plate of electrical resistance material having opposite vertical faces, means, including resilient structure, for holding said plate at its top and bottom ends, under spring pressure vertically exerted against the plate, to support it in vertical position, current supplying means electrically connected to said ends to generate heat by passage of electric current through the descending plate and through molten metal on the faces thereof, for vaporizing said molten metal, said current supplying means including connecting members respectively engaging the plate at said ends and held in place against the plate by said plate-holding means, and means for feeding solid metal against the faces of the plate at an upper region thereof, for coating said faces with a y r f es nding molten metal, for evaporation.
  • a metal vapor source comprising an upright structure of electrical resistance material having opposite vertical faces, means for feeding solid metal to the respective faces at upper portions thereof, to be melted against said faces, and to form a coating of descending molten metal on the faces, current supplying means, including connector members engaging said structure in electrical contact respectively at its top and bottom ends to generate heat by passage of electric current, for melting the supplied solid metal on the faces of the structure to establish the aforesaid coating and for evaporating metal from the aforesaid coating to evolve metal vapor laterally from said faces, and spring means engaging said connector members under resilient pressure to hold the members against said structure and to support the structure in vertical position.
  • each of the connector members includes cooling means therefor.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 5, which includes insulator members respectively between the connector members and the spring means, said spring means comprising a pair of spring arms respectively engaging the insulator members and holding the latter against the connector members and the upright structure.
  • metal vapor source means comprising an upright structure of electrical resistance material having opposite, vertical, substantially plane faces which are spaced by the thickness of the structure and which have vertical and horizontal dimensions both substantially greater than the thickness of the structure, means connected to said structure at its top and bottom ends, for supplying electric current to heat the plate and to evaporate molten metal from said faces, and means for feeding continuing elongated pieces of solid metal to the respective faces at upper portions thereof, to melt solid metal against the faces and to form a coating of descending molten metal to be evaporated, and means for advancing strip material to be coated through regions respectively parallel to and spaced from said opposite faces, for receiving metal delivered from the faces by evaporation.
  • metal vapor source means comprising an upright plate of electrical resistance material having opposite vertical faces, means connected to said plate at its top and bottom ends, for supplying electric current to heat the plate and to evaporate molten aluminum from said faces, and means for feeding solid aluminum to the respective faces at upper portions thereof, to melt said aluminum against the faces and to form a descending coating of molten aluminum to be evaporated, and means for advancing work structures to be coated through regions respectively parallel to and spaced from said opposite faces, for receiving aluminum delivered from the faces by evaporation.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 9, wherein the advancing means comprises roller means arranged to guide a continuous strip, as the work structure, first in one vertieal direction through one of the regions and then in the opposite vertical direction through the other region.
  • the method of generating metal vapor which comprises supplying solid metal to upper portions of opposite vertical faces of an upright plate-like structure of electrical resistance ma terial, melting said supplied solid metal to form a coating of descending molten metal on said faces, and evaporating metal from said coating to deliver metal vapor laterally from the faces, said melting and evaporating operations being effected by conducting electric current between the top and bottom of the structure, to generate sufficient heat for said melting and evaporation of the metal.
  • the method of generating aluminum vapor which comprises supplying aluminum to a vertical, substantially plane surface of an electrical resistance body, by feeding aluminum wire to an upper portion of said surface, melting said supplied aluminum to form a coating of descending molten aluminum on said surface, and evaporating aluminum from said coating to deliver aluminum vapor laterally from the surface, said melting and evaporating operations being effected by conducting electric current between the top and bottom of the body, to generate sufiicient heat for said melting and evaporation of the aluminum.
  • a method of vacuum metalizing a continuing strip of sheet material the steps of advancing said strip through successive, laterally spaced, vertical paths while generating and directing aluminum vapor against said strip ⁇ frorn substantially plane surfaces disposed between said paths and respectively facing the paths, supplying aluminum metal to said surfaces by feeding solid aluminum to upper portions of said surfaces to melt and to provide coatings of downwardly flowing molten aluminum, and electrically supplying heat to said surfaces for melting the supplied aluminum and for vaporizing aluminum from the aforesaid coatings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
US151661A 1961-11-13 1961-11-13 Apparatus and procedure for evaporating metal in vacuum metalizing Expired - Lifetime US3117887A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US151661A US3117887A (en) 1961-11-13 1961-11-13 Apparatus and procedure for evaporating metal in vacuum metalizing
GB39611/62A GB964461A (en) 1961-11-13 1962-10-19 Vacuum metalizing
FR913397A FR1337659A (fr) 1961-11-13 1962-10-25 Perfectionnements à la métallisation sous vide
BE624470D BE624470A (xx) 1961-11-13 1962-11-06
LU42655D LU42655A1 (xx) 1961-11-13 1962-11-08
DER33848A DE1293516B (de) 1961-11-13 1962-11-08 Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Vakuumaufdampfen von Metallschichten auf Bandmaterial
NL285351D NL285351A (xx) 1961-11-13 1962-11-09
NL285351A NL125589C (xx) 1961-11-13 1962-11-09

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US151661A US3117887A (en) 1961-11-13 1961-11-13 Apparatus and procedure for evaporating metal in vacuum metalizing

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BE (1) BE624470A (xx)
DE (1) DE1293516B (xx)
FR (1) FR1337659A (xx)
GB (1) GB964461A (xx)
LU (1) LU42655A1 (xx)
NL (2) NL125589C (xx)

Cited By (11)

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US3350219A (en) * 1966-07-07 1967-10-31 Stackpole Carbon Co Evaporating metal employing porous member
US3438754A (en) * 1965-02-18 1969-04-15 Republic Steel Corp Zinc-coated steel with vapor-deposited aluminum overlay and method of producing same
US5068915A (en) * 1990-05-14 1991-11-26 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Series evaporator for vacuum vapor-deposition apparatus
US5179622A (en) * 1990-05-19 1993-01-12 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Series evaporator for vacuum vapor-deposition apparatus
US5198032A (en) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-30 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for vapor depositing on tape having grooved evaporator cell
US5265189A (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-11-23 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Serial evaporator for vacuum vapor depositing apparatus
US5410631A (en) * 1993-09-10 1995-04-25 Advanced Ceramics Corporation Clamp assembly for a vaporization boat
WO1997021847A1 (de) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-19 Sintec Keramik Gmbh Verfahren und verdampferschiffchen zum verdampfen von metall
EP0863225A1 (de) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-09 Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH Einspannsystem zur Positionierung und Kontaktierung von Verdampfern in Metallisierungsanlagen
US6120286A (en) * 1996-12-05 2000-09-19 Sintec Keramik Gmbh & Co. Kg Vaporizer boat for metal vaporizing
US20050005857A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2005-01-13 Junji Kido Device and method for vacuum deposition, and organic electroluminescent element provided by the device and the method

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DE2916080C2 (de) * 1979-04-20 1984-12-06 Kišinevskij Gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni V.I. Lenina, Kišinev Verfahren zum Molekular-Aufdampfen von Halbleiterschichten und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
GB2056500B (en) * 1979-08-09 1983-05-25 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Coating powder with valve-metal
EP2020454B1 (en) * 2007-07-27 2012-09-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Evaporation apparatus with inclined crucible

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US2378476A (en) * 1943-02-11 1945-06-19 American Optical Corp Coating apparatus
US2622041A (en) * 1948-08-03 1952-12-16 Nat Res Corp Deposition of metal on a nonmetallic support
US2909149A (en) * 1957-11-15 1959-10-20 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Apparatus for evaporating metal
US2969448A (en) * 1959-03-03 1961-01-24 Continental Can Co Heater vaporizer element support
US3020177A (en) * 1959-05-13 1962-02-06 Continental Can Co Art of vaporizing materials

Cited By (12)

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US3438754A (en) * 1965-02-18 1969-04-15 Republic Steel Corp Zinc-coated steel with vapor-deposited aluminum overlay and method of producing same
US3350219A (en) * 1966-07-07 1967-10-31 Stackpole Carbon Co Evaporating metal employing porous member
US5068915A (en) * 1990-05-14 1991-11-26 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Series evaporator for vacuum vapor-deposition apparatus
US5179622A (en) * 1990-05-19 1993-01-12 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Series evaporator for vacuum vapor-deposition apparatus
US5265189A (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-11-23 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Serial evaporator for vacuum vapor depositing apparatus
US5198032A (en) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-30 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for vapor depositing on tape having grooved evaporator cell
US5410631A (en) * 1993-09-10 1995-04-25 Advanced Ceramics Corporation Clamp assembly for a vaporization boat
WO1997021847A1 (de) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-19 Sintec Keramik Gmbh Verfahren und verdampferschiffchen zum verdampfen von metall
US6120286A (en) * 1996-12-05 2000-09-19 Sintec Keramik Gmbh & Co. Kg Vaporizer boat for metal vaporizing
EP0863225A1 (de) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-09 Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH Einspannsystem zur Positionierung und Kontaktierung von Verdampfern in Metallisierungsanlagen
US20050005857A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2005-01-13 Junji Kido Device and method for vacuum deposition, and organic electroluminescent element provided by the device and the method
US20080156267A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2008-07-03 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Device and method for vacuum deposition, and organic electroluminescent element provided by the device and the method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL285351A (xx) 1968-07-15
FR1337659A (fr) 1963-09-13
DE1293516B (de) 1969-04-24
BE624470A (xx) 1963-05-06
NL125589C (xx) 1968-07-15
LU42655A1 (xx) 1963-01-08
GB964461A (en) 1964-07-22

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