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  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
  • C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
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  • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
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  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C10M2215/16—Nitriles
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  • C10M2215/20—Containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
  • C10M2215/202—Containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds containing nitro groups
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
  • C10M2217/023—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group the amino group containing an ester bond
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/026—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrile group
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
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  • C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2221/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions of monomers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2225/02—Macromolecular compounds from phosphorus-containg monomers, obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
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  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
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  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
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  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
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  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• lubricants depending on the conditions under which they are used, are more or less subject to contamination, either by the formation of deleterious products in the lubricating system itself or by substances entering the lubricating system from outside. These contaminations may cause many kinds of disturbances, e.g., as a result of the formation of deposits.
• This problem arises in particular in the lubrication of combustion engines, such as gasoline engines and diesel engines.
• the increasing fouling of the motor oil is in this case chiefly due to incomplete combustion of the fuel and oxidation of the lubricating oil.
• the resultant contaminations are partly insoluble and may, therefore, deposit in the crank case, oil lines and the like in the form of sludge, and/or on pistons and cylinders and even in piston ring grooves in the form of lacquer, so that these rings will eventually stick.
• peptizing agents oil-soluble neutral or basic organic metal compounds such as calcium, barium or Zinc salts of petroleum sulfonic acids, of alkylated hydroxy benzoic acids, and others.
• metal salts may, however, lead to disturbances, particularly in Zero engines, as they may cause deposits in the combustion space and thus result in a tendency to detonation.
• Increasing attention is, therefore, being directed to the use of non-ash-forming lubricant additives which contain no metal and are consequently free from the drawbacks thereof.
• the non-ash-forming lubricant additives with detergent effect heretofore proposed are generally copolymer compounds prepared from (A) an olefinic unsaturated monomer having an oleophilic group such as lauryl methacrylate, and (B) an oiefinic unsaturated monomer containing a suitable polar group, e.g., diethylamino ethyl methacrylate, N-vinyl-alpha-pyrrolidone, Z-methyl-S-vinyl pyridine, esters of methacrylic acid and polypolar alcohols, e.g., beta-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate and the like.
• a suitable polar group e.g., diethylamino ethyl methacrylate, N-vinyl-alpha-pyrrolidone, Z-methyl-S-vinyl pyridine
• esters of methacrylic acid and polypolar alcohols e.g., beta-hydroxy
• telomers prepared by polymerizing olefinic unsaturated monomers with olephilic groups (A) in the presence of aromatic nitro compounds or copolymerizing with olefinic unsaturated monomers (B) so that the terminal of the polymer, homoor copolymer, contains a nitro-aromatic group, exhibit excellent detergent properties when used in lubricants.
• the telomers are believed to be represented essentially by the formula:
• telomeric polymer is at least 1200, and up to 20,000, preferably between 2000 and 10,000.
• telomeric nitro-benzene/stearyl methacrylate polymer effects detergency to a greater extent even than basic aminoor amide-containing polymers such as commercially available copolymers of lauryl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate and copolymers of lauryl methacrylate and vinyl pyrrolidone.
• the olefinic unsaturated monomers A used for the production of the telomers may be homopolymerized by means of the C C double bond or copolyrnerized with one or more suitable B monomers.
• Their structure may be represented by the following general formula:
• R is an oleophilic group having 8 or more carbon atoms while R may be a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon radical or a polar substituent.
• the substituent K may also represent an oleophilic group which is similar or dissimilar to R
• the said oleophilic group R contains at least 8 carbon atoms, and preferably 12-20 carbon atoms.
• oleophilic groups are here meant substituents whose presence solutilizes the telomer molecules in hydrocarbon media.
• the said oleophilic groups contain or entirely consist of cyclic and/ or acyclic hydrocarbon radicals having at least 8 carbon atoms.
• polar groups and/ or hetero-atoms may also occur in the oleophilic groups, provided their presence does not result in the telomer becoming insoluble in oil.
• oleophilic groups include cyclic hydrocarbon radicals among which may be mentioned, for example, alkaryl groups, particularly alkylphenyl groups such as the p-octylphenyl group.
• Acyclic hydrocarbon radicals are also important, preferably branched or unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon chains such as diisobutyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl and hexadecyl groups.
• the oleophilic groups may also contain polar groups,
• oleophilic groups represented by such groups as and -CH O-R in which R represents a substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbon radical.
• the R group is generally a cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon radical, which may or may not be substituted by polar groups and/or heteroatoms, although a branched or unbranched alkyl group such as the lauryl, triisobutyl, hexadec'yl and stearyl group is preferred.
• Suitable A monomers include olefins, particularly such alpha-olefins as decene and cetene; styrene derivatives, such as aralkyl styrenes, e.g., para-octyl styrene and ardodecyl alpha-methyl styrene; ethers such as propenyl 2-ethyihexyl ethers and vinyl octadecyl ether; esters of alkenols and carboxylic acids, preferably aliphatic carboxylic acids, e.g., vinyl stearate, allyl palmitate and methallyl oleate; esters of unsaturated acids and alcohols derived from such acids as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, the crotonic acids, citraconic acid and cinnamic acid, e.g., lauryl and stearyl (meth)
• the monomer (A) is an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
• Lauryl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate have been found particularly suitable, although in a very advantageous embodiment of the invention use is made of mixtures of lauryl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate for example, since the lubricating oil additives produced therewith act as pour point depressants with regard to the unmixed components.
• a large number of comparatively divergent types of possible monomers are suitable for this purpose.
• the structure which all these various types of monomers should satisfy may be represented by the following general formula:
• R and R are hydrogen atoms or methyl groups.
• R; and R may be hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon radicals or polar substituents containing not more than 7 garbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbon radicals may be cyclic and/ or acyclic, e.g., tolyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl as well as branched or unbranched alkyl and alkenyl groups such as methyl.
• polar substituents are herein meant non-metallic atoms of groups V to VII of the periodic table, e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur and chlorine, in particular nitrogen and oxygen, or groups containing such atoms; the said atoms and groups may or may not form part of or be bound to hydrocarbon radicals.
• Suitable substituents of this type are represented by the group groups.
• Suitable (B) monomers according to the invention include olefins, e.g., propylene, 1- or Z-butylene, diisobutylene and others, and aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene, although use is preferably made of acids, e.g., maleic acid or the anhydride thereof, particularly methacrylic acid; of alcohols such as allyl alcohol; of pyridine derivatives such as 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine, and of pyrrolidone derivatives such as N-vinyl-alpha-pyrrolidone.
• olefins e.g., propylene, 1- or Z-butylene, diisobutylene and others
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene
• acids e.g., maleic acid or the anhydride thereof, particularly methacrylic acid
• alcohols such as allyl alcohol
• pyridine derivatives such as 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine
• Esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, ethers and esters of phenols such as vinyl alcohol and allyl alcohol, e.g., vinyl acetate, are also suitable.
• Esters having such groups as in which the R substituent contains one or more hydroxyl and/or amino groups, have also been found particularly valuable. Use is preferably made of beta-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate and beta-di-ethyl amino ethyl methacrylate.
• polar groups may be introduced on completion of the telomerization or polar groups already present may be changed, for example, by hydrolysis of O-acyl groups to hydroxyl groups.
• the telomer group according to the invention is produced by polymerizing or copolymerizing together with one or more B monomers one or more A monomers in the presence of a telomeric agent such as an aromatic nitro-compound, e.g., nitro-benzene.
• a telomeric agent such as an aromatic nitro-compound, e.g., nitro-benzene.
• Especially suitable combinations of the A and B monomers are mixtures of lauryl methacrylate and/or stearyl methacrylate on the one hand and methacrylic acid and/ or beta-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate on the other hand.
• the telomerizing agent namely, pound
• An example is 4-diethy1 amino-1,3-dinitrobenzene, although preferance is given to monocyclic aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrated benzene derivatives, which may or may not be alkylated. Examples are dinitrobenzene, nitrotoluenes and others. A very suitable nitro compound is nitrobenzene.
• the telomerization agent is generally employed in excess, it being possible to use an inert solvent (for example, a lubricating oil). It has, however, been found advan tageous to use the telomerization agent simultaneously as a solvent.
• an inert solvent for example, a lubricating oil
• the excess products by means of distillation, with or without (superheated) steam, the telomer reaction product may, however, also be isolated in another manner, for example, by precipitating it in a polar solvent such as methanol.
• the telomerization may be carried out not only in solution but in special cases also in emulsion or suspension.
• the telomerization is carried out in the presence of an initiator, viz. a radical source such as benzoyl peroxide, tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, azodiisobutyric nitrile and other substances conventionally employed for this purpose.
• the radicals may, however, also be produced thermally or by irradiation (ultra-violet, gamma rays and the like).
• the amount of initiator is at least 5 mol percent, particularly 10-40 mol percent, preferably 25-30 mol percent of the monomer mixture.
• the reaction may be carried out in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen, but this is not essential. Temperatures of 0 C. to 250 C., for example, may be used, although the optimum temperature depends on the rate of decomposition of the initiator employed.
• the invention are incorporated have excellent detergent properties. This applies in particular to the inhibition of the fouling of pistons, piston rings and cylinders which occurs in engine cylinders, for example, in combustion engines such as diesel engines and gasoline engines such as automobile engines and aero piston engines. If desired, mixtures of separately prepared telomer products may also be used, e.g., mixtures of telomers in which divergent A monomers are employed.
• the said products are suitable as additives to lubricants of various types.
• mineral lubricating oils of diverse viscosity, although the products are also suitably incorporated into synthetic lubricating oils as well as into lubricating oils containing fatty acids.
• the products may also be worked up in lubricating greases.
• the products may be added as such to the lubricant.
• the product is only partly freed from the solvent and/ or telomerization agent, e.g., by steam distillation; a small quantity of a lubricating oil is then added and the remnants of the solvents and/ or telomerization agents are finally distilled off by steam preferably under reduced pressure.
• the resultant concentrate may now be diluted with a lubricating oil and/ or worked up into a lubricating grease.
• the quantity of the products of the invention incorporated into lubricants may vary within wide limits.
• the desired detergent efiect is obtained when the quantity incorporated lies between 0.5 and 5%, particularly between 1 and 3%, based on the weight of the finished lubricant.
• larger or smaller quantities than the said quantities may also be incorporated, but in any case more than 0.5% by weight.
• telomers of this invention are as follows:
• the reaction mixture was then decanted in cooled methanol (10 C.) and the resultant precipitate filtered off and dissolved in benzene.
• the benzene solution was also poured into methanol, after which this procedure was twice repeated with the resultant precipitate.
• the yield calculated on the intake of monomers amounted to 87% by weight.
• the product was a brown powder.
• the engine tests were carried out in a Caterpillar diesel engine and a Petter gasoline engine.
• the following table shows the favorable results obtained with respect to the piston fouling and the formation of cold sludge.
• the doped lubricating oils were 2% by weight solutions of the additives prepared according to the examples in a Venezuelan mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of 114 cs. at 100 F.
• Acryloid 968 (Rohm and Haas) copolymer of lauryl methacrylatc/N- vinyl pyrrolidone.
• LOA 564 (Du Pont) copolymer ethyluiethacrylate.
• SMA Stearyl methacrylate.
• NS p-nitrostyrene
• the test lasted 28 hours.
• the fuel was a motor gasoline having 1.5 ml. TEL per U.S gallon and a sulfur content of 0.07% by weight.
• the cylinder cooling water temperature was approximately 55 C.
• o[ lauryl methacrylate/diethylamino- In their use the present products may also be combined with other additives such as anti-oxidants, pour point depressants viscosity index improvers, corrosion inhibitors, wear-inhibitors, peptizing agents, anti-foaming agents, extreme-pressure and oiliness agents and other materials generally added to lubricants.
• additives such as anti-oxidants, pour point depressants viscosity index improvers, corrosion inhibitors, wear-inhibitors, peptizing agents, anti-foaming agents, extreme-pressure and oiliness agents and other materials generally added to lubricants.
• a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount, suiiicient to impart detergency to the oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by copolymerizing in substantially equal parts by weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., a mono-olefinic unsaturated taxogenic monomer containing at least one oleophilic group of at least 8 carbon atoms with a telogenic nitro-benzene in substantially equal parts by weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular weight range of from 1,200 to 20,000.
• a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount, sufficient to impart detergency to the oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by copolymerizing in the presence of at least 5 rrrol percent of an initiator selected from the group consisting of benzoyl peroxide, tertiary buty hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and azodiisobutyric nitrile, (A) a monoolefinic unsaturated taxogenic monomer containing an oleophilic group of at least 8 carbon atoms with (B) an olefinic unsaturated monomer containing a polar group, with a telogenic nitro-benzene in substantially equal parts by weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular weight range of from 1,200 to 20,000.
• an initiator selected from the group consisting of benzoyl peroxide, terti
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount sufficient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by polymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl per-- oxide an acrylate ester of an acrylic acid and an alkanoli having at least 8 carbon atoms With telogenic nitro-benzene in substantially equal parts by Weight and at a temperature ranging from C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular Weight of from 1,200 to 20,000.
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount suflicient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oilsoluble telomer obtained by copolymerizing in the presence of -40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide an acrylate ester of an acrylic acid and an alkanol having at least 8 carbon atoms with a hydroxyl C alkyl acrylate with telogenic nitro-benzene in substantially equal parts by weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular Weight range of from 1,200 to 20,000.
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount suflicient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by copolymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide an acrylate ester of an acrylic acid and an alkanol having at least 8 carbon atoms with vinyl pyridine with telogenic nitro-benzene in substantially equal parts by Weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular weight range of from 1,200 to 20,000.
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount sufficient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by copolymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide an acrylate ester of an acrylic acid and an alkanol having at least 8 carbon atoms with vinylpyrrolidone with an aromatic nitro-compound in substantially equal parts by Weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular weight range of from 1,200 to 20,000.
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount suflicient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by polymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide a C alkyl methacrylate with nitro-benzene in substantially equal parts by Weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular Weight range of from 2,000 to 10,000.
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount sufficient to impart detergency to the mineral oil 8 carbon atoms and R is selected g of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by polymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide, stearyl methacrylate with nitro-benzene in substantially equal parts by weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular weight range of from 2,000 to 10,000.
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount sufiicient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by copolymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide,
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount suflicient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oil soluble telomer obtained by copolymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate and beta hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate with nitro-benzene in substantially equal parts by Weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C.
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount sufiicient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by polymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide, stearyl methacrylate and 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine with nitrobenzene in substantially equal parts by Weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular Weight range of from 2,000 to 10,000.
• a mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineral lubricating oil and a minor amount suflicient to impart detergency to the mineral oil of an oil-soluble telomer obtained by polymerizing in the presence of 10-40 mol percent of benzoyl peroxide a stearyl methacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone with nitrobenzene in substantially equal parts by Weight and at a temperature ranging from 0 C. to 250 C., said telomer having a molecular Weight range of from 2,000 to 10,000.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 0
  • NL NL98081D patent/NL98081C/xx active
• 1958
  • 1958-11-18 NL NL233324A patent/NL233324A/xx unknown
• 1959
  • 1959-11-02 US US850078A patent/US3116250A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1959-11-16 BE BE584706D patent/BE584706A/xx unknown
  • 1959-11-16 GB GB38733/59A patent/GB896435A/en not_active Expired
  • 1959-11-16 DE DES65851A patent/DE1135604B/de active Pending
  • 1959-11-16 FR FR810240A patent/FR1241968A/fr not_active Expired
• 1963
  • 1963-06-12 US US287181A patent/US3165501A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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