US2925386A - Mineral oil base lubricant - Google Patents

Mineral oil base lubricant Download PDF

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US2925386A
US2925386A US372394A US37239453A US2925386A US 2925386 A US2925386 A US 2925386A US 372394 A US372394 A US 372394A US 37239453 A US37239453 A US 37239453A US 2925386 A US2925386 A US 2925386A
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mineral oil
oil base
mineral
addition
oil
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Dietrich Wilhelm
Wetter Fritz
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Huels AG
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Chemische Werke Huels AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/20—Containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
    • C10M2215/202—Containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds containing nitro groups
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/084—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/085—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/102—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon only in the ring
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
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    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
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    • C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2221/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2221/043—Polyoxyalkylene ethers with a thioether group
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    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • Mineral lubricating oils can however be improved with respect to extreme pressure lubricating properties by the addition of elemental sulfur. A greater resistance to loading at high pressure can be conferred upon gear and cutting oils by treating the corresponding mineral oils with sulfur. It has been proposed to add to mineral lubricating oil the sulfur containnig products obtained by treating fats and animal and vebetable oils with sulfur. Such sulfur-containing mineral oils are however often corrosive and their extreme pressure lubricating properties although somewhat improved are not up to present day requirements.
  • lubricants having a mineral oil base includes not only true mineral oils but also the corresponding lubricant greases.
  • the new lubricants containing the nitro compounds and the multi-sulfides of xanthogenates, show no lossin' weight due to -corrosion; at normaltemperatures and only insignificant loss in weight due to corrosion at elevated, temperature and after along time of metals such as brass, bronze and copper.
  • the lubricants which have been improved by the described additions of nitro and multi-sulfide compounds may be further improved by other well known additions for the improvement of extreme pressure lubricity, viscosity, solidification point, foaming resistance and resistance to oxidation.
  • oil soluble multi-sulfides of xanthogenates are compounds of the general formula in which R stands for alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl and.
  • heterocyclic groups which may be straight chain or branched or saturated or unsaturated and may contain metal atoms such as tin or zinc.
  • X stands for'oxygen or sulfur and n means a figure from 0 to 5 or even
  • n means a figure from 0 to 5 or even
  • the amount of nitrol compound and multi-sulfide of xanthogenate and the particular compound to be used depend upon the purpose for which the resulting lubricant is to be used.
  • the addition of 6-chloro-2.4-dinitrophenol alone to the pure lubricating oil did not produce any improvement of the lubricity.
  • a lubricant comprising a mineral oil base, 0.05-1% of an organic nitro compound selected from the group consisting of nitroparafiines, dinitrobenzenes dinitrophenols, nitronaphthalenes, nitronaphthols and their halogens and C-alkylderivatiyes, and 05-10% of an oil soluble multi-sulfide of a xanthogenate which is a member of the group of compounds of the general formula RX--CSS(S), S--CS--XR in which R is a member of the group consisting of alkyl,
  • X is a member of the group consisting of sulfur and oxygen and n means a figure from 0 to 5, the ratio of said nitro compound to said oil soluble multi-sulfide being not more than 1 to 10.

Description

2,925,386 MINERAL on; BASE LUBRICANT Wilhelm Dietrich, Hans-Joachim Mertens, and Fritz Wetter, Marl, Westphalia, Germany, assignors to ,Chemische Werke Huls Aktiengesellschaft, a corporation of o'Drawing. Application August 4, 1953" Serial No. 372,394
' Claims priority, application Germany August 25, 1952 2 Claims. (Cl. 252-475) It is known that in general mineral lubricating oils cannot be improved or can be only slightly improved with respect to their extreme pressure lubricating properties by the addition of aliphatic and aromaticnitro compounds including those which contain a halogen.
Mineral lubricating oils can however be improved with respect to extreme pressure lubricating properties by the addition of elemental sulfur. A greater resistance to loading at high pressure can be conferred upon gear and cutting oils by treating the corresponding mineral oils with sulfur. It has been proposed to add to mineral lubricating oil the sulfur containnig products obtained by treating fats and animal and vebetable oils with sulfur. Such sulfur-containing mineral oils are however often corrosive and their extreme pressure lubricating properties although somewhat improved are not up to present day requirements.
It has been found that mineral oil base lubricants which contain both organic nitro compounds and oil soluble dior poly-sulfides of xanthogenates hereinafter referred to as multi-sulfides of xanthogenates show adistinct improvement of their extreme pressure lubricating proper ties.
The expression lubricants having a mineral oil base includes not only true mineral oils but also the corresponding lubricant greases.
tenth) of theaddition of m lti-sulfide, of which latter,'de-
pending upon the extreme pressure lubricity required, amounts within the range from 0.5 to 10% by weight calculated upon the weight of the pure lubricant are used. The new lubricants, containing the nitro compounds and the multi-sulfides of xanthogenates, show no lossin' weight due to -corrosion; at normaltemperatures and only insignificant loss in weight due to corrosion at elevated, temperature and after along time of metals such as brass, bronze and copper. The lubricants which have been improved by the described additions of nitro and multi-sulfide compounds may be further improved by other well known additions for the improvement of extreme pressure lubricity, viscosity, solidification point, foaming resistance and resistance to oxidation.
Testing of the extreme pressure lubricating properties of mineral lubricating oils with additions of thelnitro and multi-sulfide compounds by the generally used four Suitable organic nitro compounds are for example,
m-dinitrobenzene, bromodinitrobenzene, chloronitrobenzene, B-dinitrophenol and their C-alkyl derivatives and mixtures thereof and other nitro compounds including nitroparaffines, nitronaphthalenes and nitronaphthols, this enumeration being merely illustrative, and not limitative.
The oil soluble multi-sulfides of xanthogenates are compounds of the general formula in which R stands for alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl and.
heterocyclic groups which may be straight chain or branched or saturated or unsaturated and may contain metal atoms such as tin or zinc. X stands for'oxygen or sulfur and n means a figure from 0 to 5 or even The amount of nitrol compound and multi-sulfide of xanthogenate and the particular compound to be used depend upon the purpose for which the resulting lubricant is to be used. In general the addition of nitro'compound amounts toonly a small fraction (up to one ball apparatus (VKA) and method described in the publication 01 und Kohle, 1 944,.pages 19-23, shows that with additions of 0.1 to .25% of the organic nitro compounds together with from 1 to 2.5% of the multisulfides of xanthogenates permits the application of loads of from 400 to 1000 kg. before a welding or freezing of the balls occurs.
The invention is further described and illustrated in and by the following specific examples.
-. Example I A spindle oil having a VKA value of less than (density 15/4=0.9024, viscosity at 20 C.=8.40 E. and at 50 C. =2.47 E., viscosity index=ll5, solidify ing point=l7 C.) was not improved with respect to its extreme pressure lubricity by the addition of 0.25%
of dinitrophenol. By the addition of 2.5% of dibutylxanthic acid disulfide the VKA value was raised to 340. The addition of both 0.25% of dinitrophenol and 2.5 of the dibutylxanthic acid disulfide raised the VKA value to 440.
Example 2 To a mineral oil of average viscosity having a VKA value of 150 (density 15/4 0.78, viscosity at 20 C.= 47.2 E. and at 50 C. =8.49 E., viscosity index=104, solidifying point=-l2 C.) 2.5% of dibutylxanthic acid disulfide was added. The resulting lubricant had a VKA value of 480. By the further addition of 0.25% of fi-dinitrophenol the VKA 'value was increased to 950. The addition of 0.25% of the fl-dinitrophenol alone to the pure mineral oil did not produce any improvement of the extreme pressure lubricity.
Example 3 A lubricating oil, of a viscosity at 50 C.=20 E. and a VKA value of -180 shows after the addition of 2.5% dipropylxanthic acid disulfide a VKA value of 360, which raises after the addition of 0.15% 6-chloro- 2.4-dinitrophenol up to a value of440. The addition of 6-chloro-2.4-dinitrophenol alone to the pure lubricating oil did not produce any improvement of the lubricity.
The mixing of the said pure lubricating oil with 2% diethylxanthic acid tetrasulfide improves the VKA value of the oil up to 440460, by the further addition of 0.2% 2.4-dinitrophenol a lubricating'oil with the VKA value of 550-600 will be obtained.
The mixing of the said pure lubricating oil with 5% diethylhexylxanthic acid disulfide gives a lubricating oil with a VKA value of 500, which will be improved up to 600-650 by the further addition of 0.15 6-bromo2.4- dinitrophenol.
The multi-sulfides of a xanthogenate as well as the organic nitro compounds employed in the above examples may be substituted one with another in similar amounts and with similar results.
We claim:
1. A lubricant comprising a mineral oil base, 0.05-1% of an organic nitro compound selected from the group consisting of nitroparafiines, dinitrobenzenes dinitrophenols, nitronaphthalenes, nitronaphthols and their halogens and C-alkylderivatiyes, and 05-10% of an oil soluble multi-sulfide of a xanthogenate which is a member of the group of compounds of the general formula RX--CSS(S), S--CS--XR in which R is a member of the group consisting of alkyl,
'4 cyclo-alkyl, aralkyl and aryl, X is a member of the group consisting of sulfur and oxygen and n means a figure from 0 to 5, the ratio of said nitro compound to said oil soluble multi-sulfide being not more than 1 to 10.
2. A lubricant as defined in claim 1 in which the multi-sulfide of a xanthogenate is dibutylxanthic acid disulfide.
Downing et a1 Sept. 28, 1937 Mikeska et a1. ..7 July 29, 1941

Claims (1)

1. A LUBRICANT COMPRISING A MINERAL OIL BASE, 0.05-1% OF AN ORGANIC NITRO COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NITROPARAFFINES, DINITROBENZENES, DINITROPHENOLS, NITRONAPHTHALENES, NITROANAPHTHOLS AND THEIR HALOGENS AND C-ALKYLDERIVATIVES, AND 0.5-10% OF AN OIL SOLUBLE MULTI-SULFIDE OF A XANTHOGENATE WHICH IS A MEMBERBER OF THE GROUP OF COMPOUNDS OF THE GENERAL FORMULA
US372394A 1952-08-25 1953-08-04 Mineral oil base lubricant Expired - Lifetime US2925386A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3116250A (en) * 1958-11-18 1963-12-31 Shell Oil Co Nitro-aromatic telomers and oils containing them
EP0416909A1 (en) * 1989-09-07 1991-03-13 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Lubricating oil composition
US5705458A (en) * 1995-09-19 1998-01-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Additive compositions for lubricants and functional fluids

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2094097A (en) * 1934-04-24 1937-09-28 Du Pont Lubricants
US2250545A (en) * 1938-10-19 1941-07-29 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating composition

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2094097A (en) * 1934-04-24 1937-09-28 Du Pont Lubricants
US2250545A (en) * 1938-10-19 1941-07-29 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating composition

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3116250A (en) * 1958-11-18 1963-12-31 Shell Oil Co Nitro-aromatic telomers and oils containing them
EP0416909A1 (en) * 1989-09-07 1991-03-13 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Lubricating oil composition
US5705458A (en) * 1995-09-19 1998-01-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Additive compositions for lubricants and functional fluids

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FR1082267A (en) 1954-12-28

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