US3043691A - Process and material for the direct production of positives by the silver salt diffusion process - Google Patents

Process and material for the direct production of positives by the silver salt diffusion process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3043691A
US3043691A US661606A US66160657A US3043691A US 3043691 A US3043691 A US 3043691A US 661606 A US661606 A US 661606A US 66160657 A US66160657 A US 66160657A US 3043691 A US3043691 A US 3043691A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
silver
layer
silver halide
starch
layers
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Expired - Lifetime
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US661606A
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English (en)
Inventor
Weyde Edith
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Agfa AG
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Publication date
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Publication of US3043691A publication Critical patent/US3043691A/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/24—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-receiving section
    • G03C8/26—Image-receiving layers
    • G03C8/28—Image-receiving layers containing development nuclei or compounds forming such nuclei

Definitions

  • This invention comprises an improved process for the direct production of positive photographic images and new photographic materials for use in the process.
  • This dissolved silver halide diffuses to a transfer layer, Where it is reduced to a positive image by the developer under the catalytic action of the nuclei for development present in said layer.
  • the meaning of the terms negative and positive as used in this description is relative, which means that if the emulsion layer is exposed to a negative, a direct negative will be produced in the transfer layer whereas if the emulsion layer is exposed to a positive a direct positive will be obtained in said transfer layer.
  • the ease with which the separation of the two layers is effected depends substantially on thechoice of the coating agents for the negative and positive layers, as described in British patent specification 687,751.
  • the two layers adhere very strongly to one another and they must be quickly separated from one another, while the addition of for example a cellulose ester to one of the layers enables these layers to be separated from one another more easily, even after a much longer time.
  • all these layers can only be separated from one another if they are still moist. For example, if the layers are completely dried while still in contact, it is impossible to pull them apart.
  • the separation of the two layers can also be carried out after complete or almost complete drying if the binding agent of at least one of the layers comprises starch ethers and/or galacto-mannans.
  • Further suitable starch ethers are the hydroxyalkylethers and the carboxyalkyl ethers, such as those in which the anhydroglucose units contain at least one of the groups: -OCH .COOH, O-CH .CH .OH,
  • Suitable galactomannans are for instance Guar Gum, Locust Bean Gum (compare Natural Plant Hydrocolloids, Advances in Chemistry, Series 11, pages 45-50, published by American Chemical Society). It is preferred to use the aforementioned substances as binding agents for the transfer layer, because it is possible in this case to dispense completely with the addition of gelatine or other binding agents, this not being so readily possible in the preparation of the negative emulsions.
  • Coating solutions are prepared from the starch derivatives and the galactomannans by dissolving them in water or organic solvents, such as acetone, or mixtures of water and organic solvents.
  • the concentration of the starch derivative solution is preferably about l-S percent, whereas that of the galactomannan is preferably about 1-2 percent, although other concentrations may be used.
  • development nuclei including noble metals, such as colloidal silver or gold, and colloidal sulfides and selenides of heavy metals such as silver, gold, lead, mercury, tin, copper.
  • These development nuclei may be added to the coating solution in the form of colloidal solutions, or they may be produced in the coating solution, or in the coated layers according to known methods.
  • the said nuclei are preferably applied in amounts of 0001-1 g. per litre of coating solution.
  • silver halide solvents such as sodiumthiosulphate, and calciumthiosulphate.
  • a paper coated in this manner is used as a transfer material, it is possible to use gelatine as a binding agent for the negative layer.
  • the two layers are brought into contact in the usual manner and they can then be separated from one another at any desired time.
  • the two layers can however be dried by heat while still in contact, for example by passing them over a heated roll, in order thereafter to strip them from one another. It is very advantageous in such a case to dry the layers in such a way that the negative layer remains moist for a somewhat longer period than the positive layer. This can be achieved by passing the two layers while in contact with each other through a pair of nipping rollers, of which only that one is heated which is contacted with the positive material, the temperature of the heated rolls being about IOU-150 C.
  • the coating solutions can, if desired, have added thereto a small proportion of gelatine or another binding agent, but preferably only in an amount not surpassing 20% of the total weight'of the binding agents.
  • Such further binding agents are, for instance, gelatine, polyvinylalcohol, cellulose ether, such as methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl-cellulose, cellulose esters, such as partially esterified cellulose acetate, cellulose phthalate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, aqueous dispersions of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylchloride or further water-insoluble polymers of copolymers.
  • the separation of the layers can also be assisted if a matting agent, such as for example starch, ethyl-cellulose, barium sulphate and titanium dioxide, is added to the negative layer (about 10-100 g. of matting agent per 1 litre of silver halide emulsion), or if part of the gelatine of the emulsion layer is replaced by another binding agent, such as for example one or several of the aforementioned starch ethers or galactomannans, or a cellulose ether, such as methylcellulose, these binding agents being preferably applied in amounts of 1-20percent as calculated on the weight of gelatine.
  • a matting agent such as for example starch, ethyl-cellulose, barium sulphate and titanium dioxide
  • a support for example paper
  • a layer is cast in known manner on a support, for example paper, to form a layer, and dried.
  • the processing is carried out in the manner usually employed for the silver salt diifusion process.
  • a de' veloper there may be used the following solution:
  • the processing takes place in the usual way (see for After the two sheets in contact with one another have left the developer, they are passed between'a pair of rolls, one of which is heated. Care is taken that the positive paper faces the hot roll. After passing through the rolls the papers are practically dry and can easily be separated from one another.
  • This transfer layer may be used for the production of positive silver images in combination with the negative layers in the manner disclosed in the preceding examples.
  • a layer material suitable as transfer material for the silver salt diffusion process comprising a support and a colloid layer coated on said support, the binding agent of said colloid layer being essentially a compound of the group consisting of starch ethers and galactomannans, said starch ethers being starch that has been etherified with a radical of the class consisting of aliphatic, araliphatic, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminoalkyl and cyanoalkyl groups, and said colloid layer containing dispersed silver halide development nuclei that cause development of unexposed silver halide.
  • binding agent also includes a different binding material in an amount not surpassing 20 percent of the total Weight of binding agent.
  • the silver halide emulsion layer has its silver halide held in a binding agent of gelatin containing from 1 to 20% by weight of a member of the group consisting of starch ethers and galactomannans, said starch ethers being starch that has been etherified with a radical of the class consisting of aliphatic, araliphatic, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminoalkyl and cyanoalkyl groups.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Duplication Or Marking (AREA)
US661606A 1956-06-09 1957-05-27 Process and material for the direct production of positives by the silver salt diffusion process Expired - Lifetime US3043691A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEA25069A DE1013965B (de) 1956-06-09 1956-06-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung direkter Positive nach dem Silbersalzdiffusionsverfahren

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3043691A true US3043691A (en) 1962-07-10

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US661606A Expired - Lifetime US3043691A (en) 1956-06-09 1957-05-27 Process and material for the direct production of positives by the silver salt diffusion process

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US (1) US3043691A (en))
BE (1) BE558193A (en))
CH (1) CH357631A (en))
DE (1) DE1013965B (en))
FR (1) FR1176554A (en))
GB (1) GB814154A (en))

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3152906A (en) * 1962-05-07 1964-10-13 Du Pont Gelatin silver halide compositions and elements containing a water-soluble hydroxyalkyl ether derivative of starch
US3196015A (en) * 1962-01-31 1965-07-20 Polaroid Corp Diffusion transfer process
US3203796A (en) * 1962-04-27 1965-08-31 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Use of starch ether layers in diffusion transfer processes
US3250616A (en) * 1960-11-16 1966-05-10 Agfa Ag Printing forms of high polymer substances
US3260600A (en) * 1960-10-20 1966-07-12 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Photographic image-receiving material
US3313913A (en) * 1961-03-06 1967-04-11 Zindler Lumoprint Kg Electrically heated machine for producing photographic copies
US3369901A (en) * 1964-01-16 1968-02-20 Eastman Kodak Co Coating method for wash-off solvent transfer
US3441412A (en) * 1963-12-27 1969-04-29 Agfa Ag Photographic silver halide material containing carboxyalkylated dextrin
US4569900A (en) * 1984-02-16 1986-02-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Image receiving material for silver salt diffusion transfer process

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1284445A (en) * 1969-04-03 1972-08-09 Kodak Ltd Image-receiving materials for use in photographic diffusion transfer processes

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2148951A (en) * 1937-04-15 1939-02-28 Du Pont Organic starch derivatives and process
US2316128A (en) * 1942-02-21 1943-04-06 Rohm & Haas Water-soluble carboxyethyl starch ethers
US2409564A (en) * 1941-05-28 1946-10-15 Noc Mfg Company Di Transfer material
GB687751A (en) * 1950-01-13 1953-02-18 Bayer Ag Process and material for the direct production of positive photographic images
US2698238A (en) * 1947-02-08 1954-12-28 Polaroid Corp Photographic product and process
GB748892A (en) * 1953-03-25 1956-05-16 Ozalid Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods and materials for use in the migratory transfer of a photographic image
US2834676A (en) * 1955-07-19 1958-05-13 Sperry Rand Corp Photographic diffusion transfer process for producing multiple direct positive copies
US2971840A (en) * 1955-02-07 1961-02-14 Agfa Ag Process for the production of nonlaterally reversed positive copies by heat development

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2148951A (en) * 1937-04-15 1939-02-28 Du Pont Organic starch derivatives and process
US2409564A (en) * 1941-05-28 1946-10-15 Noc Mfg Company Di Transfer material
US2316128A (en) * 1942-02-21 1943-04-06 Rohm & Haas Water-soluble carboxyethyl starch ethers
US2698238A (en) * 1947-02-08 1954-12-28 Polaroid Corp Photographic product and process
GB687751A (en) * 1950-01-13 1953-02-18 Bayer Ag Process and material for the direct production of positive photographic images
GB748892A (en) * 1953-03-25 1956-05-16 Ozalid Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods and materials for use in the migratory transfer of a photographic image
US2971840A (en) * 1955-02-07 1961-02-14 Agfa Ag Process for the production of nonlaterally reversed positive copies by heat development
US2834676A (en) * 1955-07-19 1958-05-13 Sperry Rand Corp Photographic diffusion transfer process for producing multiple direct positive copies

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3260600A (en) * 1960-10-20 1966-07-12 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Photographic image-receiving material
US3250616A (en) * 1960-11-16 1966-05-10 Agfa Ag Printing forms of high polymer substances
US3313913A (en) * 1961-03-06 1967-04-11 Zindler Lumoprint Kg Electrically heated machine for producing photographic copies
US3196015A (en) * 1962-01-31 1965-07-20 Polaroid Corp Diffusion transfer process
US3203796A (en) * 1962-04-27 1965-08-31 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Use of starch ether layers in diffusion transfer processes
US3152906A (en) * 1962-05-07 1964-10-13 Du Pont Gelatin silver halide compositions and elements containing a water-soluble hydroxyalkyl ether derivative of starch
US3441412A (en) * 1963-12-27 1969-04-29 Agfa Ag Photographic silver halide material containing carboxyalkylated dextrin
US3369901A (en) * 1964-01-16 1968-02-20 Eastman Kodak Co Coating method for wash-off solvent transfer
US4569900A (en) * 1984-02-16 1986-02-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Image receiving material for silver salt diffusion transfer process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB814154A (en) 1959-05-27
DE1013965B (de) 1957-08-14
CH357631A (de) 1961-10-15
FR1176554A (fr) 1959-04-13
BE558193A (en))

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