US3041449A - Automatic braking control system - Google Patents

Automatic braking control system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3041449A
US3041449A US853601A US85360159A US3041449A US 3041449 A US3041449 A US 3041449A US 853601 A US853601 A US 853601A US 85360159 A US85360159 A US 85360159A US 3041449 A US3041449 A US 3041449A
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United States
Prior art keywords
train
signal
speed
locomotive
control system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US853601A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roald Bingen
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Umicore NV SA
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Acec
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • B60T7/16—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger operated by remote control, i.e. initiating means not mounted on vehicle
    • B60T7/18—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger operated by remote control, i.e. initiating means not mounted on vehicle operated by wayside apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
    • B61L15/0062—On-board target speed calculation or supervision
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/121—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles

Definitions

  • Automatic train control devices are being employed more and more in order to diminish the effect of human errors and thereby to increase the safety of railway traflic. More especially various systems have been proposed for effecting automatic braking of railway trains when the engineer does not reduce the speed sufficiently to permit stopping in a required distance.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to provide an automatic braking control system for trains, which comes into action when the retardation curve of the train, as a function of the distance traveled, has ordinates higher than those of a set limit curve.
  • a track section or zone upon which the retardation or slowing-down of a train must be effected is provided with transmitter means at a certain number of spaced points which transmit to the comotive coded command signals which initiate thereon a signal which is combined with another signal representa tive of the square of the speed limit for the train in the vicinity of the points in question.
  • This combined signal is a directive signal representing the limit variation of the square of the speed of the train.
  • the locomotive is provided with a tachometric generator which supplies a signal, continuously proportional to the speed of the train, which is transformed by an appropriate circuit into a signal proportional to the square of the speed of the train.
  • This latter signal is compared, in a comparator, with the directive signal representing the limit variation of the square of the speed of the train, and the resultant or differential signal regulates, according to its sign, the control means of the train brakes to apply the brakes.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of retardation curves illustrative of the operation of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of equipment, of an auto matic coded braking control system installed on a railway vehicle according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrative of the application of signals usable to controllably slow-down and stop railway rolling stock in a given zone or section of trackway;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the application of the system, according to the invention, to a railway system.
  • the automatic braking control system comes into action when the retardation curve of a train, as a function of the distance traveled, has ordinates higher than those of a set limit curve.
  • Curve A relates to braking a predetermined type of train on a down grade and curve B to its braking on an up grade.
  • the braking system comprises, aboard of the locomotive, a tachometric generator 1, driven by an axle of the locomotive, which supplies a signal voltage v proportional to the instantaneous speed of the train. This voltage is transformed in a known cir cuit 2 to a voltage signal v proportional to the square of the instantaneous speed of the train.
  • a pick up coil 27 receives coded signals emitted from determined spaced points along the track. These signals are selected by a discriminator 28 of any suitable known type which energizes successively relay coils 22, 23, 24, 25, closing successively during a short time contacts 9, 10, 11, 12 and so charging a capacitor 21 at different successive voltages supplied by a voltage divider comprising resistors 15, 16, 17, 18 connected across a DO. source 14. The capacitor 21 is connected between the input and output terminals of an amplifier 19 which receives an input voltage through a resistor 20 from the tachometric generator 1. I
  • the output signal c of the amplifier 19 is compared with the voltage signal v in a differential amplifier 13 which :actuates a solenoid 29 through a rectifier 28 when the voltage v is greater than the voltage 0.
  • This solenoid 29 controls the braking equipment of the train.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the curve of the squares of the speed limit for the train; the ordinates corresponding to the abscissae x1, x2, x3, x4 are designated respectively by V V V and V and the voltages applied to the capacitor 21 by means of contacts 9, 10, 11, 12 in FIG.
  • the voltage 0 is thus a voltage having, on passing the point x1 a value proportional to V then decreasing proportionally to the distance travelled by the train.
  • the downward slope of this decrease depends upon the product RC.
  • the coded signals transmitted to the locomotive will consequently comprise information relating to the section of the track (level, up-grade or down-grade) and this information will require an appropriate variation of the resistance 20 or of the capacity of the condenser 21. It should be observed that there is a certain latitude regarding the value of the slope of the limit curve, since the amplitude of this curve is readjusted each time a transmitter point is passed. In general it will be sufficient to establish a discrimination between the case of an upgrade and that of a down-grade, by reckoning upon a mean value thereof. If it is desired to take further account of the true form of the curves in FIG. 1, it isalways possible to modify the characteristics of the circuit 2 in FIG. 2, so that it supplies an output signal which Varies according to the desired law.
  • the system is put in action there in a manner such that when the locomotive arrives at the braking zone, the speed limit determined by the system is that imposed by the signal, and as from this point this speed limit is maintained until the signal for resumption of speed is received.
  • a fixed speed order is superimposed upon the progressive deceleration order signal and becomes preponderant as soon as it is greater than the latter.
  • the transmission of the comm-and signals to the locomotive can be effected by any known system, for ex ample, by means of magnetic pick-ups, as shown.
  • the type of signals may also be of any desired form; for example, a multiple frequency system, not shown, may be used.
  • FIG. 4 shows some examples of the application of the invention to railway lines equipped with a signalling system such as that in use in the Belgian National Railway Co.
  • the track signals are represented in the form of discs with indication of the corresponding color in ligh)t signalling (J, V, R, respectively for yellow, green, red
  • the command signals transmitted to the locomotive are represented by small circles; a white circle signifies the absence of the corresponding signal, a black circle the presence thereof.
  • the trains are presumed to be traveling from left to right.
  • the'corresponding transmitter On arrival of the locomotive at a, the'corresponding transmitter provides the speed order as described above.
  • the transmitters At the following points b, c, d, the transmitters efieot the variation of this order, readjusting it if necessary to the prescribed value.
  • Case Ib corresponds to. the free passage of the train, all the transmitter points are in the same state or condition, no speed order is transmitted to the locomotive.
  • the transmitter points nevertheless supply positive information, which is indispensable from the point of view of safety, and further permits suppressing the braking action when the track becomes clear when the train has already passed a warning signal which is on.
  • Cases 11a to 0 illustrate three track signals spaced apart at normal distances; these are analogous to the previous cases.
  • Cases H111 to d relate to three track signals, the third of which is at a reduced distance from the second.
  • Case 1110 is a ease in which the train must halt at e; (see case Ia). a V
  • Case IIId is that of a train which has passed the point a while the track signals were in the position corresponding to case Ilia, but which, at the moment when the locomotive is situated at T, these signals assume the position corresponding to case IIIb-'
  • the train having already slowed down with a view to stopping at e, and having at this moment the corresponding order which had been readjusted at the point 11, it must be permitted to continue its own until it, observing the speed order corresponding to the new situation. Then in this case the transmission speed order is initiated at e, with transmission immediately afterwards, at e, of the following stage of this order, as in case' 1111).
  • Case IV relates to a train which passes a fixed retardation indicator signal which compels deceleration to reach, at the start of deceleration, at O, a speed limit of km. per hour, for example;
  • a fixed retardation indicator signal which compels deceleration to reach, at the start of deceleration, at O, a speed limit of km. per hour, for example;
  • the appearance of the start to brake order isinitiated, at the same time as a supplementary signal is dispatched, indicated by a small square, which starts up a sumnn'ng device which is stopped by the command signal at a, of a second analogous signal.
  • the distance between the points a and a is a function of the speed limit and is established so as to permit the summing device to impose a fixed speed order which will become preponderant at the latest as the point 0 is passed.
  • this order is suppressed by the transmission of the clear track signal.
  • an automatic coded braking control system comprising, on said locomotive a taehometric generator operably driven by the locomotive, a transforming circuit connected to said tachometric generator for producing a voltage signal proportional to the square of the speed of the train, means comprising an integrating amplifier operatively connected to said tachometric generator and having a capacitor connected between its input and output for developing a variable reference voltage signal having an amplitude representative of the square of the limit speed of the train at the corresponding point and then decreasing proportionally to the distance travelled by the train from said corresponding point, a plurality of DC, voltage sources for providing D.C. voltages respectively representative of the square of the limit speed of the train at the diiferent points of the track where coded signals are emitted, means respectively responsive to
  • said D.C. voltages to be applied during a short time interval to said capacitor so that said integrating amplifier produces said reference voltage signal having an amplitude representative of the square of the limit speed of the train at the corresponding point and then decreasing proportionally to the distance travelled by the train, means for developing a difierence signal between said difference signal and said signal proportional to the square of the speed of the train, meansfor actuating said brake-operating equipment, a difierential amplifier connected for amplifying the difference signal between said reference signal and the signal proportional to the square of the speed of the train operatively connected to said means for actuating said brake-operating equipment of the train in response to said difference signal.
  • An automatic braking system comprising, means for developing at least one constant reference voltage, means responsive to said coded signals transmitted along the track for causing said constant reference voltages to be superimposed on said variable reference voltage, and means for causing the greater of the reference voltages to be applied to said diiferential amplifier.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
US853601A 1958-11-17 1959-11-17 Automatic braking control system Expired - Lifetime US3041449A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR779312A FR1217705A (fr) 1958-11-17 1958-11-17 Système de commande de freinage automatique des trains

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3041449A true US3041449A (en) 1962-06-26

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ID=8708343

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US853601A Expired - Lifetime US3041449A (en) 1958-11-17 1959-11-17 Automatic braking control system

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3041449A (sv)
BE (1) BE584351A (sv)
CH (1) CH356796A (sv)
DE (1) DE1221266C2 (sv)
FR (1) FR1217705A (sv)
GB (1) GB899863A (sv)
NL (2) NL107801C (sv)
SE (1) SE187983C1 (sv)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3188463A (en) * 1960-04-25 1965-06-08 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Brake control apparatus for unmanned trains
US3192382A (en) * 1961-07-24 1965-06-29 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Automatic vehicle control apparatus
US3201583A (en) * 1958-02-18 1965-08-17 Haas Pierre Rene Safety process and apparatus for railway services
US3218454A (en) * 1960-10-24 1965-11-16 Gen Signal Corp Vehicle control system
US3245728A (en) * 1961-08-29 1966-04-12 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Speed changing systems
US3268724A (en) * 1962-12-11 1966-08-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Safety device for trains
US3328580A (en) * 1964-07-14 1967-06-27 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Rapid transit speed control system
US3334224A (en) * 1964-12-14 1967-08-01 Gen Electric Automatic control system for vehicles
US3562515A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-02-09 Gen Electric Tapered braking rate for traction vehicles
US3868548A (en) * 1974-01-23 1975-02-25 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Fail-safe transistorized overspeed circuit arrangement
US4410154A (en) * 1979-06-25 1983-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Transit vehicle brake control apparatus and method

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1824144A (en) * 1915-02-10 1931-09-22 Gen Railway Signal Co Automatic speed control of vehicles
US1827407A (en) * 1917-07-20 1931-10-13 Simmen Automatic Railway Signa Automatic speed control system
US2320802A (en) * 1941-12-24 1943-06-01 Union Switch & Signal Co Railway braking apparatus
US2576424A (en) * 1945-05-09 1951-11-27 Philco Corp Automatic speed control for railguided vehicles
US2716186A (en) * 1949-12-28 1955-08-23 Rca Corp Signalling system
GB752139A (en) * 1954-05-19 1956-07-04 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Improvements relating to the detection of wagon speeds in gravity operated railway marshalling yards
GB756499A (en) * 1954-05-04 1956-09-05 Metropolitan Vickers Grs Ltd Improvements relating to speed control systems for gravity operated railway marshalling yards

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE640797C (de) * 1935-05-25 1937-01-16 Fritz Hofmann Dipl Ing Verfahren zur UEberwachung des Bewegungszustandes von Zuegen bei selbsttaetiger Zugbeeinflussung
DE678679C (de) * 1935-06-09 1939-07-21 Ver Eisenbahn Signalwerke G M Zugbeeinflussungseinrichtung mit UEberwachung der Geschwindigkeit durch Wegschalter
DE683270C (de) * 1937-12-16 1939-11-02 Ver Eisenbahn Signalwerke G M Einrichtung zur Geschwindigkeitsueberwachung fuer Strecken mit selbsttaetigem Streckenblock
CH271026A (de) * 1948-02-23 1950-09-30 Stin Verfahren für die kontinuierliche automatische Geschwindigkeitskontrolle eines Schienenfahrzeuges mit automatischer Signalübertragung von der Strecke auf den Zug.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1824144A (en) * 1915-02-10 1931-09-22 Gen Railway Signal Co Automatic speed control of vehicles
US1827407A (en) * 1917-07-20 1931-10-13 Simmen Automatic Railway Signa Automatic speed control system
US2320802A (en) * 1941-12-24 1943-06-01 Union Switch & Signal Co Railway braking apparatus
US2576424A (en) * 1945-05-09 1951-11-27 Philco Corp Automatic speed control for railguided vehicles
US2716186A (en) * 1949-12-28 1955-08-23 Rca Corp Signalling system
GB756499A (en) * 1954-05-04 1956-09-05 Metropolitan Vickers Grs Ltd Improvements relating to speed control systems for gravity operated railway marshalling yards
GB752139A (en) * 1954-05-19 1956-07-04 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Improvements relating to the detection of wagon speeds in gravity operated railway marshalling yards

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3201583A (en) * 1958-02-18 1965-08-17 Haas Pierre Rene Safety process and apparatus for railway services
US3188463A (en) * 1960-04-25 1965-06-08 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Brake control apparatus for unmanned trains
US3218454A (en) * 1960-10-24 1965-11-16 Gen Signal Corp Vehicle control system
US3192382A (en) * 1961-07-24 1965-06-29 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Automatic vehicle control apparatus
US3245728A (en) * 1961-08-29 1966-04-12 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Speed changing systems
US3268724A (en) * 1962-12-11 1966-08-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Safety device for trains
US3328580A (en) * 1964-07-14 1967-06-27 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Rapid transit speed control system
US3334224A (en) * 1964-12-14 1967-08-01 Gen Electric Automatic control system for vehicles
US3562515A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-02-09 Gen Electric Tapered braking rate for traction vehicles
US3868548A (en) * 1974-01-23 1975-02-25 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Fail-safe transistorized overspeed circuit arrangement
US4410154A (en) * 1979-06-25 1983-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Transit vehicle brake control apparatus and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1221266C2 (de) 1967-02-02
NL245379A (nl)
SE187983C1 (sv) 1964-03-03
BE584351A (fr) 1960-03-01
NL107801C (nl) 1964-03-16
GB899863A (en) 1962-06-27
DE1221266B (de) 1966-07-21
CH356796A (fr) 1961-09-15
FR1217705A (fr) 1960-05-05

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