US3036348A - Metal casting methods and apparatus - Google Patents

Metal casting methods and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3036348A
US3036348A US722005A US72200558A US3036348A US 3036348 A US3036348 A US 3036348A US 722005 A US722005 A US 722005A US 72200558 A US72200558 A US 72200558A US 3036348 A US3036348 A US 3036348A
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United States
Prior art keywords
belt
casting
belts
coolant
film
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US722005A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hazelett Robert William
Hazelett Richard
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Hazelett Strip Casting Corp
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Hazelett Strip Casting Corp
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Publication date
Priority to NL123039D priority Critical patent/NL123039C/xx
Priority to US3123874D priority patent/US3123874A/en
Priority to NL237185D priority patent/NL237185A/xx
Priority to BE576793D priority patent/BE576793A/xx
Priority to US722005A priority patent/US3036348A/en
Application filed by Hazelett Strip Casting Corp filed Critical Hazelett Strip Casting Corp
Priority to CH7082759A priority patent/CH375846A/de
Priority to DEP1268A priority patent/DE1268319B/de
Priority to ES0247936A priority patent/ES247936A1/es
Priority to GB41420/61A priority patent/GB912744A/en
Priority to FR789772A priority patent/FR1218995A/fr
Priority to GB9271/59A priority patent/GB912742A/en
Priority to US125301A priority patent/US3142873A/en
Priority to CH1423261A priority patent/CH405618A/de
Priority to US193901A priority patent/US3228072A/en
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Publication of US3036348A publication Critical patent/US3036348A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/068—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces
    • B22D11/0685—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces by cooling the casting belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0605—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two belts, e.g. Hazelett-process

Definitions

  • This invention relates to machines and processes for casting metal strips directly from molten metal and more particularly for continuously casting metal strips between spaced parallel portions of a pair of flexible metal belts which are moved along with opposite surfaces of the strip being cast.
  • the invention is described as embodied in the structure and operation of a continuous strip-casting machine in which the molten metal is fed into a casting region between opposed parallel portions of a pair of moving flexible metal belts.
  • the moving belts confine the molten metal between them and carry the molten metal along as it solidifies into a strip between them.
  • Spaced rollers having narrow ridges support and drive the belts while holding them accurately positioned and aligned as they move along so as to produce metal strip of high quality and having good surface qualities.
  • the vast quantities of heat liberated by the molten metal as it solidifies are withdrawn through the portions of the two belts which are adjacent to the metal being cast. This large amount of heat is withdrawn by cooling the reverse surfaces of the belts by means of rapidly moving substantially continuous films of liquid coolant travelling along against these surfaces.
  • the carriages which carry the rollers for supporting the casting belts are mechanically isolated from the remainder of the machine so that any stresses or strains in the framework of the machine or in the reservoir tank or base of the machine cannot affect the quality of operation.
  • Such stresses or strains in the framework of the machine may result from racking forces imposed during lifting or moving of the machine or may accumulate over long periods of time as a result of settling of a floor or foundation upon which the machine is standing.
  • the belt-supporting carriages will remain free of any such imposed forces enabling the belts to run along true courses with respect to each other so as to maintain high quality of product.
  • This isolation of the carriages from the framework is provided by utilizing a three-point suspension for one of the carriages and aligning the other carriage with it.
  • the lower carriage is rigidly supported from the frame at two points but the third point of suspension can freely shift with respect to the frame.
  • the upper carriage is rigidly aligned with the lower carriage at two points while a third point of suspension for the upper carriage can freely shift with respect to the frame.
  • a particular feature of the support for the upper carriage is the use of a lever of the third-class.
  • This lever 3,036,348 Patented May 29, 1962 has its fulcrum point located most remotely from the upper carriage itself.
  • the lever itself swings through only a small angle because of the remote location of the fulcrum point.
  • a substantially greater range of up and down movement of the upper carriage is obtained without increasing the clearance within the carriage itself.
  • this third-class lever construction enables wider belts to be used without introducing any increase in headroom requirement because the angle of swing for the lever is lessened, thus reducing clearance requirements for any given belt width.
  • the film of liquid coolant travels at high speed along the reverse surface of each belt passing through the grooves between the ridges of the back-up rollers forming a substantially continuous high-speed layer.
  • the liquid coolant is conveyed into position through numerous large capacity headers which are positioned back away from the reverse surface of each belt farther away than the plane of the axes of the back-up rollers.
  • This construction advantageously enables the back-up rollers to be placed quite close together because the cooling headers are in a different plane, while also enabling large quantities of coolant to be conveyed to every desired point of both belts so as to provide tremendous cooling capacity over the full width and length of each belt.
  • This construction enables large increases in width of continuous cast metal strip to be obtained.
  • the coolant rushes in through these headers, and from the headers the coolant is accelerated toward the reverse surface of each belt by passing through narrow supply channels extending between the back-up rollers. From these narrow channels the liquid is further accelerated and propelled in jets travelling at high velocity with a grazing incidence angle toward the reverse surface of each belt so as to form and to maintain the substantially continuous, high-speed cooling films.
  • the casting region is inclined downwardly in the direction of travel of the strip being manufactured, for example, an angle lying in the range from 5 to 10 below the horizontal provides a system which works very Well, and an angle of 6 below the horizontal is the preferred value shown in this example, and the molten metal flows from a bath down at this angle into the casting region between the belts.
  • This molten metal progresses further and further down into the space between the casting belts it exerts a continuously increasing pressure on the front faces of the belts, trying to drive them apart, because of the liquid head which exists.
  • molten metals generally are far more dense than water, it will be appreciated that only just a few inches of height of molten metal will exert a substantial pressure due to the liquid head.
  • This pressure of the metal as it travels down between the belts is advantageously overcome by crowding the back-up rollers progressively closer together toward the discharge end of the machine. Conversely, the progressive increase in space between the back-up rollers up toward the input end or bath region of the machine .is used to advantage to provide for additional amounts of cooling capacity upon the reverse surfaces of the belts near the input end, where the metal is hottest.
  • An additional advantage provided by the present embodiment of the invention is the relatively sharp edges on the ridges of the back-up rollers. These sharp ridges only engage very narrow portions of the reverse surface of the belts so as to expose as much of the belts as possible to the fast-moving cooling film.
  • the edges of these ridges have a width relative to the thickness of the belt of not less than the belt thickness and not more than three times the belt thickness, and also they define an angle of not more than effectively 20 between sides for reasons explained in detail further on in the specification.
  • a further feature of this machine is the increase in visibility into the bath region resulting from bringing the upper belt down steeply toward the lower belt and then curving it around a substantial length of are on a nip roll at the entrance to the casting region.
  • This wide opening of the bath region is enabled to be accomplished by virtue of the intense cooling which is directed onto the upper belt where it curves down under the nip roll.
  • the nip roll is grooved and the nozzle ends of numerous coolant tubes are fitted down directly into the respective grooves and all are fed from a large capacity high pressure header so that a high velocity film is created against the inside surface of this belt as it bends around the nip roll.
  • the liquid coolant is water to which a small quantity of rust inhibitors has been added.
  • the molten metal solidifies it releases its heat of fusion, which represents a large quantity of heat per unit volume of metal being cast.
  • the resultant rate of transfer of heat from the solidifying metal through the thin casting belts into the film of coolant is so great that the 'molecules of water adjacent to the reverse surface of each belt tend to flash into steam, that is, they tend to boil almost at the very instant of coming into contact with the belt.
  • any minute volume of water is being turned into steam at any spot on the surface of the belt a very great localized cooling action is provided to the belt adjacent to the point at which the steam is being formed.
  • a highly advantageous method of cooling is provided in this example wherein a rapidly moving continuous film of water removes vast quantities of heat from a surface through the rapid formation and collapse of multitudes of minute steam bubbles.
  • Some of this cooling action is provided by withdrawing heat to vaporize the cooling liquid and by immediately replacing this vapor with more liquid ready to be vaporized in the subsequent instant of time.
  • We believe that even more of the heat is removed directly to the water by the vigorous agitation caused by the rapid growth and collapse of steam bubbles.
  • the temperature of the casting belts is stabilized and maintained constant at a temperature not greatly in excess of 212 F., that is, not far above the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure.
  • the narrow coolant supply channels are shaped to provide scoops extending generally across the belt just ahead of the respective sets of jets.
  • the edges of these scoops are sharpened and spaced only a small distance away from the surface of the belt.
  • These scoops remove the outermost layers of the water, leaving a film of reduced thickness passing at high speed along the surface of the belt beneath the edge of the scoop.
  • the jets of liquid impinge on this thinner film they spread out and build up the film thickness to its original value while at the same time re-accelerating the film to its original velocity.
  • the liquid films are unconfined as they skim along at high speed against the surface of each casting belt, that is, their outer surfaces are exposed to the atmosphere.
  • the pressure at the surface of the belt is also approximately equal to atmospheric pressure so that the water there will boil at approximately 212 F.
  • the two main downstream rolls that is, the two large rolls at the discharge end of the machine are grooved to provide multiple liquid channels.
  • the fast moving films of coolant reach these rolls they continue to scoot along the inside surface of the belt as it curves around the rolls.
  • the liquid which flows around the lower downstream roll passes back harmlessly beneath the machine and falls into the reservoir tank beneath the machine.
  • a special liquid catcher and gutter apparatus is positioned close to the upper downstream main roll so as to trap the liquid shooting out from between the belt and the grooves at the top of this roll, thus preventing this liquid from cascading back into the machine or from ricocheting onto the molten metal.
  • a further advantage of the illustrative machine lies in the pour distributor for the molten metal which slows the passage of molten metal and spreads it out to the full width of the strip being cast.
  • This pour distributor releases the molten metal slowly and uniformly across the full width of the strip and releases it beneath the surface of the molten metal already in the bath on the lower belt. Moreover, the air is completely excluded while the metal is slowed down and spread out beneath the surface of the bath with a minimum of turbulence. At the instant that the incoming molten metal is released its temperature, of course, is the hottest which must be withstood by the casting belts.
  • any turbulence present when this incoming metal reaches the lower belt greatly increases the localized rate of heat transfer into the lower belt and can readily overheat it causing it to warp.
  • a cushion of cooler metal is obtained preventing direct impact on the belt and preventing high turbulence at the instant of release.
  • the illustrative embodiment o the present invention enables much greater widths of metal strips to be continuously cast than have been made heretofore, and the casting belts are of much greater Width.
  • the operator may, from time-to-time wish to cast a strip which is not as wide as the full width of the belts.
  • This use of very wide belts, and particularly the casting of narrower strip on wider belts results in a condition which we call cold-framing of the belts. That is, the center portions are heated along the full length of the belts and expand from heating while their edges are cooler and do not expand so much. Because of this differential expansion across the belt width the center portions lose their tension and become slack compared with the taut edges.
  • Another advantage of this embodiment of the present invention is the added cooling of the downstream ends of the stationary dams Which is provided by coolant Wipers engaging the front surface of the upper band ahead of the point where it rubs against the cusps of the stationary dams.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a continuous stripcasting machine embodying the present invention as seen looking at the input end (molten bath region) of the machine from a position adjacent to the control panel, which is positioned near one corner of the reservoir tank for the cooling liquid.
  • the box for the molten metal and the pour distributor which feeds the molten metal down into the bath region are omitted from this view.
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of this machine as seen looking at the output end, and showing the control panel;
  • FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal elevational sectional view taken along a plane perpendicular to the axes of the various rolls and with parts shown partially broken away for clarity of illustration;
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view of the machine taken along the line 4-4 of FIGURE 3 looking toward the input end;
  • FIGURE 5 is a partial perspective View illustrating the three point suspension system for isolating the carriage support mechanism from any twisting or Warping stresses which may be imposed upon the tank or supporting framework when the whole machine is transported;
  • FIGURE 6 is an enlarged cross sectional view of one of the nozzle, scoop and gutter assemblies for cooling the upper belt shown in relation to the adjacent back-up rollers and showing the way in which a portion of the cooling liquid is removed by the scoop and is replaced by faster moving liquid to maintain a rapidly moving film of cooling liquid on the surface of the belt;
  • FIGURE 7 is a partial perspective view of the upper part of the gutter assembly, shown partially broken away and in section;
  • FIGURE 8 is an enlarged elevational and sectional view of the two end portions of one of the back-up rollers, illustrating the configuration of the narrow ridges along its length in detail and showing the bearing sockets;
  • FIGURE 9 is a further enlargement of the ridges on one of the back-up rollers showing the relationship of edge thickness to belt thickness and edge angle limitation;
  • FIGURE 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the bath region as seen looking down and forwardly showing the lateral position adjustment mechanism for the stationary and moving edge dams, the cooling wiper sponges for the stationary dams, and with portions of the upper and lower belts shown cut away to reveal the grooved nip roll which guides the upper belt down into the molten metal bath.
  • This figure shows the header for cooling the bend of the upper belt as it curves under the nip roll, this header having nozzles fitting down into the grooves of the nip roll, and also shows the relationship of the molten metal to the moving and stationary edge dams and to the pour distributor;
  • FIGURE 11 is an enlarged partial sectional view on the same scale as FIGURE 9 and showing the configuration of the grooves in the surfaces of the two main downstream rolls (one for the upper belt and one for the lower belt). These grooves allow the fast-moving cooling liquid to flow away from the casting region by shooting along the inside surfaces of the casting belts, and going halfway on around these rolls;
  • FIGURE 12 is an enlarged sectional view of the upper downstream roll and of the adjacent catcher and gutter assembly for catching and removing the cooling liquid which shoots out above the top of the roll along the inner surface of the upper belt after rushing up and around from beneath the roll;
  • FIGURES 13A and B are diagrammatic exaggerated views of the lower belt illustrating the method and operation of the belt steering mechanism
  • FIGURE 14 is an elevational view of the lower carriage belt steering mechanism which operates by moving one of the bearing pillow blocks of the lower upstream pulley so as to skew very slightly the axis of the pulley for steering the belt;
  • FIGURE 15 is a partially cut away cross sectional view taken generally along the line 1515 of FIGURE 14 looking toward the left and showing details of the steering mechanism;
  • FIGURE 16 is a perspective view showing the construction of one of the moving side dams and the way in which the end connections are made;
  • FIGURE 17 is a side elevational sectional view of the pour distributor for the molten metal
  • FIGURE 18 is a top view, with portions shown broken away to reveal features of this pour distributor
  • FIGURE 19 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the tip of one of the nozzle tubes which wraps around the lower upstream roll;
  • FIGURE 20 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 20-20 of FIGURE showing the way in which the wrap-around nozzle tubes nest in the grooves of the roll.
  • the molten metal is supplied from a pouring box 2 made from heat insulating material, as will be described in detail further below.
  • the rate at which the metal is fed down through an outlet 4 in the bottom is controlled by the operator by adjustment of a tapered stopper 6 carried on a vertical threaded rod 8 which is screwed through a support bar 10.
  • This arrangement for pouring from the bottom of the metal supply 11 leaves any particles of slag or oxidized metal floating on the surface of the supply remaining in the pour box.
  • the molten metal is carried into the casting region formed between the opposed surfaces of upper and lower flexible casting belts 20 and 22, respectively, and generally indicated at C (please see FIGURE 3).
  • These casting belts are formed of flexible and heat resistant sheet metal having a relatively high tensile strength, for example, conventional cold-rolled low-carbon sheet steel having its ends welded together with both surfaces at the weld being ground smooth and flush to form a continuous wide band or belt having a smooth outer or front surface operates very well.
  • the belts are relatively wide and thin, for example, of the order of 46 inches in width and, for example, having a thickness lying in the range from 0.015 to 0.035 of an inch. This illustrative system operates very well with belts having a thickness of 0.025 of an inch.
  • the two belts are supported and driven by means of upper and lower carriages, generally indicated at U and L, respectively.
  • the liquid coolant 24 is drawn from the reservoir 26 through a large conduit 27 feeding to a large capacity centrifugal pump (not shown), for example, such as a double-suction, single stage centrifugal Gould pump having a capacity of 3,000 gallons per minute and driven by a 75 horsepower motor.
  • a large capacity centrifugal pump (not shown), for example, such as a double-suction, single stage centrifugal Gould pump having a capacity of 3,000 gallons per minute and driven by a 75 horsepower motor.
  • This liquid is returned through a flexible coupling conduit 29 to a coolant supply main 31 (please see FIGURES l and 4) which extends along the rear of the machine and feeds coolant into the various nozzle and header assemblies 23 and 25 and also to other headers as explained in detail further below.
  • the pump is positioned as close to the side of the tank 26 as convenient and then a large radius sweeping curve feeds up in the flexible coupling 29.
  • the metal strip is directly formed without any working" of the metal such as would occur during the formation of strip by rolling down from ingots, a very soft high quality strip is produced.
  • the metal being cast is aluminum or aluminum alloy or other conventional electrical conductor material, such as copper or electrical brass
  • the resulting soft strip provides a product of very high conductivity as may be desired for electrical installations, because of the absence of work-hardening of the strip product.
  • the softness of the metal strip product lends itself very well for use in applications requiring substantial amounts of reduction in thickness by multiple rolling operations 1 because this strip is so soft and can be cast so thin that multiple annealing steps are avoided.
  • aluminum foil 0.003 of an inch thick can be rolled down from a cast strip /2 inch thick formed by these methods and apparatus with only one annealing operation being required during the rolling down of the foil.
  • Aluminum or aluminum alloy strip cast by these methods and ap paratus is highly adapted for forming foil suitable for building insulation or the thinner foil used for packaging purposes.
  • the machine is adjusted to cast a thicker strip than the final product requires, and then this oversize strip is readily rolled down to the desired size and hardness.
  • the upper carriage U can be raised further away from the lower carriage or lowered down closer to the lower carriage so as to cast strips of various thickness.
  • the width of the strip being cast is determined by the spacing between a pair of moving side dams 28 and 30 which run between the respective edges of the casting belts in the casting region (please see also FIGURE 4) and also is determined by the spacing between a pair of stationary side dams 32 and 34 (please see FIGURE 10) in the bath region which are associated with the respective moving side dams 28 and 30. This spacing between these sets of dams is readily adjusted so as to change the width of cast strip, as explained in detail further below.
  • the lower belt 22 has a planar area at the input (left) end of the machine which is held taut in true alignment with the portion of the lower belt in the casting region C.
  • the incoming molten metal from the distribution channel 18 feeds into the molten bath B which is supported on this forwardly extending portion of the lower belt.
  • the two moving dams 28 and 30 are positioned so that they continuously run along down into the casting region C engaging the front surfaces of both belts in the casting region.
  • the moving dams provide a tight seal against leakage of the molten metal at either edge of the strip being cast so as to define the exact width of strip desired.
  • These two moving dams are identical in construction and each is in the form of an endless loop which is somewhat longer than the lower belt 22. Both moving dams hang down freely beneath the lower carriage L during their return trip back to the input end of the machine.
  • the moving dams 28 and 30 are formed by numerous small blocks 36 of hard, heat-resistant metal, for example, cold-rolled carbon steel, which are strung in end-to-end relationship onto a metal strap 38.
  • the edges of this strap 34 engage in opposite sides of T-shaped slots 39 which advantageously expose most of the width of the strap to view so that it can be readily inspected from time-to-time to check for flexure cracks.
  • the ends of the strap 38 have holes 40 and are connected together by machine screws 41 engaging in a pair of threaded sockets 42 in the top of the T-shaped slot in one of the blocks.
  • the full height of the moving dams is exposed to the molten metal along both edges of the molten bath B.
  • These moving dams confine the metal while at the same time they provide a continuous movement along both sides of the pool B so as to prevent any excessive solidification or freezing up of the metal at the edges.
  • This continuous motion of the two dams 28 and 38 together with the continuous motion of the lower belt and the 6 forward-downward pitch of the machine all co-operate in feeding the metal smoothly into the casting region before any substantial build up of solid metal can occur along the edges or bottom surface of the bath B.
  • a shallow pool is one which has a depth less than the height of the moving dams 28 and 30.
  • the molten metal would not engage the upper belt until a point is reached down in the casting region beyond the arcuate portion of the upper belt where it curves down under the upper-belt curving guide means 44, shown here as a grooved nip roll.
  • this curving guide means 44 defines the entrance to the casting region.
  • the molten metal does not come into engagement with the upper belt 20 until after the entrance to the casting region has been passed.
  • the difficulty with a shallow pool arrangement is that a slim triangular wedge-shaped space exists above the upper surface of the molten metal and the front surface of the upper belt as they converge. This tends to trap air and gases between the upper surface of the molten strip and the upper belt and to draw the trapped gases further down into the casting region, thus causing an undesirable, rough, cracked top surface to form on the strip product resulting from trapped gas and consequent irregular cooling.
  • a pool B as shown in FIGURE which has a depth just before the entrance to the casting region which is greater than the height of the moving dams 28 and 30 being used so that the upper surface of the molten metal engages the upper belt as it curves down under the nip roll 44.
  • the horizontal upper surface of the pool B extends up above the moving dams onto the inner faces of the stationary dams 32 and 34.
  • upper surface of the cast strip is formed smooth and of high quality.
  • the operator in observing the pool B has a view corresponding to that seen in FKGURE 10. He makes sure that the depth of the pool B is continuously maintained up against the stationary dam at the level 46 and accordingly adjusts the feed stopper 6.
  • each of the stationary clams has its inner face flush with the inner face of the associated moving dam and has a guide shoe 48 bearing against the inner surface of its associatedmoving darn.
  • the guide shoe 48 is formed by a plate of steel secured by screws 50 flush against the inner surface of the stationary dam 32.
  • the guide 48 extends down close to the lower belt 22 just forward of the bath B, and
  • Each of the stationary dams is wider than the moving dam as seen most clearly from the section taken in FIGURE 10 through the set of moving and stationary dams 30 and 34, with the outer edge of the stationary dam projecting out beyond the outer face of the moving dam.
  • a long guide bar 54 is secured beneath the overhanging edge of the stationary dam 34. This guide bar 54 extends down along the outer face of the moving dam 30 a substantial distance below the entrance to the casting region. As shown the guide bar 54 and a corresponding one (not shown) for the moving dam 28 each extend for at least 20% of the length of the casting region.
  • a rigid leg 56 (please see FIGURES 3 and 10) is secured by screws 57 to each of the stationary dams and extends down to hold a pair of lead guides 58 and 59.
  • the moving dams are controlled by the stationary dams, being positively guided and held thereby in the desired positions.
  • the upper ends of the .stationary dams 32 and 34 are adjustably held by a pair of clamps 60 and 62, respectively;
  • Each clamp includes a pair of grooved slides 64, as indicated in FIGURE 10, which run along lateral ways 66 formed by the opposite edges of the upper flange of an I-beam 65. These ways 66 are machined so as to be square edged and truly parallel.
  • clamping screws 67 which are anchored in the edges of a vertical bracket 68 having a pair of slots 69 in its upper end so as to permit vertical adjustment of the free end of the stationary dam which is locked to these slots by clamping bolts 70 (as shown'also in FIGURE 1).
  • Cooling means are provided for each of the stationary dams 32 and 34. As shown in FIGURE 10, this cooling is provided by an internal passageway 72 for coolant.
  • the coolant is fed'into the passageway 72, through a flexible inlet hose 73 connected to a nipple projecting from the outside edge of the dam ahead of the molten pool B and is fed out through another flexible hose 74 near the place where the stationary dam engages the upper belt 22.
  • This coolant is supplied from the main 31 and the return through the hoses 74 is dumped back into the tank 26.
  • each stationary dam ride on top of their associated moving dams 28 and 30 so as to retain the molten pool.
  • the downstream end of each stationary dam has a cylindrical concave saddle 75 (please see FIG- URE ending at a sharp cusp 76 (please see FIGURE 3) which projects inward under the curve of the upper belt ending at a point where the upper belt converges against the top of the moving dam.
  • a pair of coolant applicators 78 rub against the upper belt ahead of the position where it meets the stationary dam.
  • These applicators are of porous sponge or felt material and are fed coolant at a very slow rate through feed tubes 79 so as to form a series of very small droplets of coolant which ride down onto the saddle 75. The lateral position of these applicators is adjusted to correspond with that of the stationary dams.
  • the total distance in FIGURE 3 from the point beneath the nip roll 44 at which the upper belt 22 first straightens out after passing under this roll over to the point beneath the upper downstream main roll 78 at which the upper belt first begins to curve .up around this roll is 4 feet and 1 inch.
  • the total distance from the point at which the lower belt 20 first straightens out after passing around the lower upstream roll .80 over to the point at which the lower belt begins curving down around the lower downstream roll 82 is a total distance of 6 .feet 5 inches.
  • substantially continuous high speed films of coolant are created and maintained flowing along at high speed against their respective reverse surfaces.
  • Each of these high-speed coolant films is created and maintained by a sequence of nozzle and header assemblies 23 and 25 working in conjunction with scoops for the purpose of increasing the cooling action.
  • nozzle and header assemblies 23 and 25 working in conjunction with scoops for the purpose of increasing the cooling action.
  • FIGURE 6 which is drawn to a scale of exactly three-quarters of actual size is shown an upper nozzleand-header assembly.
  • the one actually shown in FIGURE 6 is the one which appears in FIGURE 4. It is the middle nozzle-and-header assembly .(please see FIGURE 3) for the upper belt, and is indicated by the number'25'.
  • a high-speed film 83 of unconfined liquid coolant is shown in FIGURE 6 travelling along the reverse surface of the upper belt.
  • a similar unconfined film of coolant 84 is travelling along the reverse surfaceof the lower .belt. a
  • the coolant 24 in the reservoir tank 26 is water to which a suitable rust inhibitor, such as-sodium chromate has been added in a concentration of 6.7 ounces per 100 gallons of water.
  • the reservoir tank 26 holds 1,200 gallons of water in normal usage, for example, in casting aluminum or aluminum alloys.
  • FIGURE 6 the water film 83 is shown coming into the drawing from the left at quite a high speed as indicated by the long arrow 88. However this film is already beginning to slow down to such a speed as to provide less than adequate cooling. The reason that the film is slowing down is the skin friction exerted by the surface of the belt as well as the minute pinpoint bubbles of steam which are continuously forming adjacent to the surface of the belt and must be instantaneously scrubbed away.
  • the water film 83 will have skidded along the surface of the belt 20 a distance of more than six inches after having received its most-recent impetus from the numerous nozzles 90 r of the preceding nozzle-and-header assembly 25 before reaching the sharp leading edge 91 of a scoop 92 which is an integral part of the assembly 25.
  • this scoop 92 is to remove the outermost layers of the fast-moving water film while allowing a film 93 of reduced thickness to continue skidding along the belt.
  • This thinner film 93 has less inertia than the original thicker film 83, and thus it is easier to re-accelerate as it again receives impetus from the next set of nozzles 90 of the assembly 25'.
  • the leading edge 91 of the scoop extends across substantially the entire width of the belt and this edge 91 is positioned a uniform distance from the reverse surface of the belt so as to leave a reduced film 93 of the desired thickness and speed.
  • the spacing between the reverse surface of the belt and the scoop edge 91 is a distance of exactly of an inch.
  • the leading edge 91 is closer to the belt than is the remainder of the undersurface '94 of the assembly 25.
  • This abrupt change in spacing at 95 has a function of breaking the suction" between the fast-moving film 93 and the undersurface of the scoop. Its purpose is to enable the continuing high-speed film 93 to break away abruptly and cleanly from the undersurface of the scoop.
  • This abrupt change 95 is positioned as closely behind the edge 91 as possible while still providing the desired structural strength in the edge portion of the scoop. Behind this abrupt change 95 the undersurface 94 recedes farther from the fast-moving film 93 so as to provide extra clearance.
  • the very first portion 97 of the undersurface of the scoop immediately behind the edge continues back parallel with the belt surface for a distance of of an inch to provide the necessary structural strength, and then at 95 the undersurface abruptly moves away from the belt.
  • the film 93 is enabled to break away cleanly from the undersurface of the scoop. And this film 93 then continues on at high speed at the desired reduced thickness, which is adapted for ready re-acceleration.
  • the minimum change in spacing required at 95 to assure that the film 93 will break cleanly away from and remain away from the undersurface of the scoop depends to some extent upon the total width of the belt and upon the total extent of the undersurface 94, because the undersurface 94 tends to create a suction effect between itself and the nearby fast-moving film 93, and also depends upon the amount of extra clearance provided at 99 along the rear edge of the header assembly.
  • the abrupt change in spacing at 95 should be at least of an inch, and in this particular example we find that a change in spacing of no less than A of an inch is desirable.
  • the total spacing at 99 between the belt and the undersurface 94 is no less than 7 of an inch in this example.
  • all of the various nozzles 90 are aimed to eject jets of water 96 at grazing incidence so that the ejected water hugs the surface of the belt and skids along it in a way which is most effective for producing tremendous cooling capacity by instantaneously scrubbing away steam bubbles as they are formed and immediately replacing with more water instantaneously ready to be boiled.
  • the angle on should be no more than 10. If the liquid jets are aimed too closely parallel to the surface of the belt, then the cooling effectiveness of the jets is diminished due to the fact that they strike the surface of the film at a point too far from the preceding scoop and too close to the succeeding scoop.
  • jets 96 are spaced laterally one inch apart, and as they strike into the reduced film, as shown in FIGURE 6, they add impetus to the film and spread out laterally, building up the film thickness and producing a scrubbing action across the full width of the belt.
  • angle a is precisely 6, which is the optimum angle for cooling a cold-rolled lowcarbon steel casting belt 0.025 -of an inch thick when casting aluminum or aluminum alloys using nozzle assemblies as described herein.
  • the reverse surfaces of these two belts can be roughened slightly so as to increase the turbulence in the layer of molecules of the cooling film immediately adjacent to the belt.
  • a suitable roughening can be produced by scouring the reverse surface of each belt with a course emory cloth using a circular motion.
  • the reverse surfaces of the belts can be roughened by sand blasting with a finer grit, that is, using a gr-it capable of passing through a fine mesh screen having at least 25 lines per inch.
  • the minute peaks and valleys on the reverse surface of the belt enhance the cooling action by providing many points on the surface at which the steam bubbles can form readily.
  • the film 83' is moving so fast that the portion of the coolant which is caught on the upper surface of the scoop 92 curves up along the scoop and shoots at high speed up along the upright front wall of the header and nozzle assembly 25 and is trapped in a gutter 102.
  • This gutter has a relatively narrow intake passageway 104 passing upwardly between first and second spaced walls 106 and 108, respectively, and the lower edge of the wall 106 fits down behind a lip 107 which extends along the top of the header wall 100.
  • the liquid As the liquid travels upwardly along the inner surface of the wall 106 it is deflected back overhead at 109* by an inclined portion 110 and then curves over further and engages a series of slanted and inclined deflectors 112 (please also see FIGURE 7) secured to the top 114 of the gutter. As shown in FIGURE 7 these deflectors are all slanted at an angle of 30 with respect to the onrushing liquid so as to propel the liquid toward the discharge end of the gutter. Also, these deflectors are inclined at an angle of 45 to the top 114 thus trapping the liquid and preventing it from splashing down away from the deflectors. Thus, the liquid is deflected and travels diagonally down the back wall 116 of the gutter as indicated by the arrows 117 into the trough 118 at the bottom of the gutter.
  • a pair of angle braces 120 and 122 serve to stiffen the front wall 108 and prevent the liquid in the trough from splashing up and interfering with the incoming liquid 109.
  • These angle braces are secured in place by pairs of rivets 124 which also secure the walls 106 and 108 firmly in position against small channel-shaped or U- shaped spacers 126.
  • These rivets 124 and U-spacers 126 do not interfere with the flow of liquid up the passageway 104 because they are fairly small and relatively widely spaced as indicated in FIGURE 7, and the liquid is able to pass up between the two sides of these spacers.
  • the lower nozzle and header assemblies 25 also have associated gutters.
  • the coolant travelling down from the respective scoops forms sheets of liquid shooting directly down into four larger gutters 128, 129, 130, and 131, respectively.
  • These gutters are shaped to fit around the various braces within the lower carriage L.
  • the first gutter 128 catches the coolant from the first two units 25, the second gutter 129 serves the third and fourth units 25,,and the third gutter 130 serves the fifth'andsixth units 25, while the last gutter 131 serves the seventh unit 25.
  • These four lower gutters also direct the spent coolant over to the rear of the machine as indicated by the arrow 132 in FIGURE 4.
  • the upper belt somewhat wider than the lower belt as shown in FIGURE 4.
  • the upper belt is 46 inches wide and the lower belt is 44 inches wide, thus providing 1 inch of overhang of the upper belt on each side. This is desirable in case any drops of coolant fall off from the upper surface of the upper belt. Because of the overhang any drops of coolant completely miss the lower belt and thus they are prevented from falling onto the upper surface of the lower belt where they might run in and hit the molten metal.
  • the extra width of the upper belt advantageously shields the front (upper) surface of the lower belt from the coolant.
  • the coolant 24 in the supply main 31 (please see FIGURE 4) is fed out through connections 133 and 134 which are canted along the main 31 in the direction of flow so as to aid the flow. From these connections 133 and 134 the coolant passes through sections of flexible high pressure hose 135 and 136, respectively, which feed into horizontal supply pipes 131 and 138 connected onto the ends of the respective header and nozzle msemblies or 23, as the case may be.
  • the nozzle and header assemblies such as the assembly 25 include an integral extruded body 140 which is integrally attached to one of the horizontal supply pipes, such as the pipe 137.
  • the upper portion of this extruded body forms a header 142 preferably having a cross sectional area at least fourtimes the sum total of the areas of the individual nozzle bores 98 so as to supply a large quantity of coolant to all of the nozzles without undue loss of pressure.
  • the large header 142 is positioned up farther away from the belt than is the plane of the axes of the back-up rolls.
  • a narrow tapering channel 144 extends down from the header 142 between the front wall 100 and a rear wall 146.
  • the coolant progressively accelerates in passing down through this channel 144 and then curves around a streamlined ridge 148 and further accelerates into the bores of the closely-spaced nozzles 90.
  • the inner ends of these nozzles are of reduced diameter and are threaded so as to screw into openings 150 spaced uniformly along the lower edge of the wall 146 beneath the flow-directing ridge 148.
  • all of the nozzles 90 along each of the assemblies 23 and 25 are spaced one inch apart on centers.
  • 39 or 40 nozzles on the respective units 23 and 25.
  • the reason that the number varies from 39 to 40 is that it is desirable to stagger the lateral position of these nozzles from unit to unit so that the nozzles do not all lie along the same longitudinal lines of the belts, thus producing a more uniform fastmoving film of coolant.
  • This staggering is accomplished most conveniently by slightly shifting the lateral positions of the successive units 23 and 25. If necessary, because of the nearness of the edge of the belt, an end nozzle may be omitted from one or two of the shifted units and the opening plugged up.
  • the back-up rollers 86 are set closer together near the center and discharge end of the casting region.
  • the longitudinal spacing between the axis of the nip roll 44 and the axis of the first upper back-up roller 86 is 6% 16 inches, and then the spacing to the axis of the second back-up roller is 6 /8 inches;
  • the spacing between the axes of the second and third back-up rollers 86 is 4 inches, and a similar spacing is used for the succeeding five upper rollers 86.
  • the sets of nozzles 90 are positioned more closely than they are further down along the belts.
  • the first upper nozzle and header unit 23 does not include any scoop because the coolant film at this region has not built up to such thickness as to require thinning down before re-acceleration by the, first set of nozzles 90. From the tips of the first set of nozzles 90 the coolant film only travels 3% inches before reaching the edge 91 of the first scoop and then continues on for a total of only 6 /2 inches to the tips of the second set of nozzles 90. Thereafter, along the upper belt the spacing from nozzle tip to succeeding scoop is 6% inches and from nozzle tip to succeeding nozzle tip is 9inches.
  • the longitudinal spacing between the axis of the lower upstream roll and the axis of the first back-up roller 86 is 9% inches. Then the spacing between the axes of the next five back-up rollers is 6 inches, and thereafter the spacing is 4 /2 inches corresponding to that for the upper rollers. Throughout the middle and lower portion of the casting region the axisof each lower back-up roller is longitudinally positioned mid-way between the axes of the upper back-up rollers and vice versa. It has been found that this sym metrically staggered arrangement of the back-up rollers 86 is most effective for producing uniformly high quality cast strip.
  • a header passageway 142 which is at least 2 /2 inches in diameter, thus providing a cross sectional area of at least 4.8 square inches. This is at least four times the sum total of the cross sectional areas of the individual nozzle bores 98 along the length of the header.
  • the nozzle bores are larger for the first few nozzle and header assemblies 23 and 25 which cool the portions of the belts adjacent to the bath region B for the purpose of providing additional cooling capacity near this region.
  • the first upper unit 23 has stainless steel nozzles with bores 0.18 of an inch in diameter, thus providing a total bore area of slightly more than 1 square inch when using 40 nozzles spaced 1 inch on centers along the header.
  • the first four header assemblies 23 and 25 for the lower belt also have nozzle bores of 0.18 of an inch in diameter.
  • the remaining assemblies 25 for both belts have a bore of 0.15 of an inch, thus providing a total nozzle bore area per assembly of slightly more than 0.7 square inch.
  • the water cooling films 83 and 84 on the belts adjacent to the bath region B have at least the following minimum velocity values, respectively, as measured in terms of impact pressure, i.e. velocity head by means of a Pitot tube and a pressure gauge, when casting Minimum Velocity Head in Films 83 and 84 Adjacent to Casting Region in Pounds Per Square Inch Minimum Veloeity Head in Films 83 and 84 Adjacent to Bath Region B in Pounds Per Square Inch Approximate Pouring Temperature, F.
  • fast-moving coolant films 83 and 84 are utilized to provide a large cooling capacity.
  • a plurality of closely spaced grooves 152 please see FIGURES 3, 10, and 17
  • a large header 154 extends across the width of the upper belt closely adjacent to the curved guide means 44 and close to the steeply inclined portion of the upper belt above the bath region.
  • this header 154- has an internal diameter of 3 inches and is connected at one end to the supply main 31 by a large hose 156 as seen in FIGURE 1.
  • the front end of the header 154 is held in position in a hole 157 in the frame of the upper assembly U.
  • a plurality of nozzle tubes 158 having an internal diameter of 0.18 of an inch curve down from this header with their ends fitting into the grooves.
  • the intake ends of these nozzle tubes are chamfered as shown at 159 in FIGURE 17 and their free ends are stabilized in position by a brace 160 extending between them just above the point where the ends of the nozzles enter the grooves.
  • these nozzle tubes are no more than 3 inches in length and they are spaced of an inch on centers along the header 154, with a total of 109 of them being used to cool fully the 40 inches of casting width.
  • a fast, effective film of coolant shoots down along the inner surface of the belt underneath the nip roll 44 and is accelerated and thickened by the first nozzle assembly 23. Then a portion of this film is scooped off by the first scoop of the second nozzle assembly 25 so as to reduce the film thickness before it is re-accelerated.
  • edges of the ridges of the nip roll 44 engaging the belt are of an inch wide (0.0625) and these ridges are spaced of an inch apart. This ridge width and spacing is desirable in order to give adequate support to the upper belt as it curves around this roll 44, because of the thinness of the belt and the high tension of 10,000 to 12,000 pounds under which it is operated. If the ridges on the nip roll are made much thinner than this or are spaced much. farther apart, then the belt will tend to scallop as it pulls against the ridges under the high tension being used. As mentioned above, we have found that it is usually desirable to use ridges which are no more than three times the thickness of the belt, for reasons discussed in detail below so as to assure adequate cooling. It will be appreciated that this figure of 0.0625 of an inch meets this criterion when using a belt of 0.025 thickness.
  • a large capacity header 162 is provided having a cross sectional area of at least square inches connected to a plurality of wrap-around tubes 164 nesting snugly in grooves 165 of the roll 80, as seen in FIGURE 20*.
  • wraparound tubes have an internal diameter of at least 0.375 of an inch so as to avoid excessive pressure drop along their length and have nozzles with bores of 0.25 of an inch formed by short lengths of tube 166 secured into the ends as shown in FIGURE 19.
  • the purpose of. these restricting nozzles 166 is to give .the liquid jets 167 (FIGURE 10) a high discharge velocity.
  • these jets 167 create a high-velocity of coolant on the inner surface of the belt 22 while the belt is still curving around the roll and just before it tangentially leaves the roll. It will be appreciated that these wrap-around tubes do extend around a substantial portion of the perimeter of the roll 80, and in this example they pass more than one-half of the way around it.
  • the ridges 168 (FIGURE 20) between the grooves are spaced A2 inch on centers and are of an inch wide at their edges, being formed without sharp corners which might tend to cut the belt.
  • a total of 85 of these wrap-around tubes 164 spaced /2 inch on centers are used so as to assure adequate cooling of the belt in the area adjacent to the incoming molten metal in a machine having a casting capacity up to 40 inches in width.
  • this cooling film under the bath region is accelerated by the first nozzle assembly 23 and is re-accelerated by the second nozzle assembly 23 and then the thickness of this film is reduced by the scoop of the third nozzle assembly 25 before it is again re-accelerated.
  • the upper and lower downstream rolls 78 and 82 have peripheral ridges 170 which provide grooves to accommodate the fastmoving coolant film by allowing it to continue on around them. Also, the presence of this fast-moving film on the inner surfaces of the belts prevents the development of any hot spot on the belts as they begin to curve around these rolls. As shown in FIGURE 11, which is drawn exactly to scale twice full size, these ridges 170 are spaced /2 inch on centers and have edges engaging the belt which are of an inch in width.
  • Coolant Catcher for Upper Downstream Roll As shown in FIGURE 12, the coolant which shoots up around the upper downstream roll 78 is caught by means of a catcher generally indicated at 174 having a scoop edge 176 lightly scraping against the underside of the belt 20. Thus, the coolant travels into the catcher 174 along the underside of its top panel 178 and is prevented from rebounding out of the catcher by a pair of inclined bai'fies 179 and 180 which trap the liquid as indicated by the various flow arrows. As the liquid rebounds from the back wall 181 it strikes the underside of these batlies 179 and 180 and is deflected down into the gutters 182 and 184, which open out toward the rear of the machine as generally indicated in FIG- URE 4 by the flow arrow 127. In case any drops of coolant cling to the belt after passing the scoop 176 they are caught on the top panel 1'78 which has an upturned trough 182 along its back edge.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US722005A 1958-03-17 1958-03-17 Metal casting methods and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3036348A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

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NL123039D NL123039C (pt) 1958-03-17
US3123874D US3123874A (en) 1958-03-17 Metal casting apparatus
NL237185D NL237185A (pt) 1958-03-17
BE576793D BE576793A (pt) 1958-03-17
US722005A US3036348A (en) 1958-03-17 1958-03-17 Metal casting methods and apparatus
DEP1268A DE1268319B (de) 1958-03-17 1959-03-16 Kuehlvorrichtung fuer Giessbaender
CH7082759A CH375846A (de) 1958-03-17 1959-03-16 Maschine zum kontinuierlichen Giessen von Metallstreifen
ES0247936A ES247936A1 (es) 1958-03-17 1959-03-16 Un aparato para colar metal fundido en forma de tiras
GB41420/61A GB912744A (en) 1958-03-17 1959-03-17 Improvements in machines for continuously casting molten metal into strips
FR789772A FR1218995A (fr) 1958-03-17 1959-03-17 Installation de coulée de métal
GB9271/59A GB912742A (en) 1958-03-17 1959-03-17 Metal casting apparatus
US125301A US3142873A (en) 1958-03-17 1961-05-22 Continuous metal casting apparatus
CH1423261A CH405618A (de) 1958-03-17 1961-12-08 Maschine zum kontinuierlichen Giessen von Metallstreifen
US193901A US3228072A (en) 1958-03-17 1962-05-07 Feeding means for strip casting

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US6386267B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2002-05-14 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Non-rotating, levitating, cylindrical air-pillow apparatus and method for supporting and guiding an endless flexible casting belt into the entrance of a continuous metal-casting machine
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US6755236B1 (en) 2000-08-07 2004-06-29 Alcan International Limited Belt-cooling and guiding means for continuous belt casting of metal strip
US20050022961A1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-03 Hof Te Fiennes N.V. Casting system and method for pouring nonferrous metal molten masses
US20100243196A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Daniel Godin Continuous casting apparatus for casting strip of variable width
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ITVR20130269A1 (it) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-05 B2Ft S R L Impianto per la produzione, mediante colata, di lingotti in metallo
CN106975660A (zh) * 2017-04-20 2017-07-25 深圳市中创镁工程技术有限公司 一种镁合金连铸连轧装置及镁合金连铸连轧方法

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US2285740A (en) * 1938-07-01 1942-06-09 Joseph M Merie Apparatus for producing solid and tubular products from undercooled molten material
US2206930A (en) * 1938-07-29 1940-07-09 William R Webster Continuous molding machine
US2357780A (en) * 1942-04-22 1944-09-05 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Mold and molding apparatus
US2613411A (en) * 1947-09-30 1952-10-14 Continuous Metalcast Corp Cooling system for continuous casting molds
US2568525A (en) * 1948-06-05 1951-09-18 Int Nickel Co Gas hood for casting machines
US2640235A (en) * 1949-06-02 1953-06-02 Clarence W Hazelett Metal manufacturing apparatus
US2772459A (en) * 1950-07-21 1956-12-04 Wieland Werke Ag Continuous casting of metals
US2770022A (en) * 1952-12-08 1956-11-13 Joseph B Brennan Method of continuously casting molten metal
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US2871529A (en) * 1954-09-07 1959-02-03 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for casting of metal
US2803861A (en) * 1955-05-10 1957-08-27 American Smelting Refining Pouring mechanism for casting molten metal and the like
US2904860A (en) * 1955-12-27 1959-09-22 Hazelett Strip Casting Corp Metal casting method and apparatus
US2862265A (en) * 1956-12-10 1958-12-02 Aluminum Co Of America Continuous casting mold

Cited By (44)

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US3167830A (en) * 1960-12-08 1965-02-02 Hazellett Strip Casting Corp Continuous metal casting apparatus
DE1533440B1 (de) * 1965-02-04 1974-08-15 British Copper Refiners Ltd Vorrichtung zur Herstellung stranggegossener Elektroden aus Blasenkupfer und/oder Altkupfer fuer die elektrolytische Kupfer-Raffination
US3310849A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-03-28 Hazelett Strip Casting Corp Continuous metal casting apparatus
US3467284A (en) * 1967-05-24 1969-09-16 Bethlehem Steel Corp Distributor for continuous casting machine
DE2311837A1 (de) * 1972-03-10 1973-09-13 Thomas William Garlick Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen giessen von metallbaendern
US3860057A (en) * 1972-03-10 1975-01-14 Thomas William Garlick Method and apparatus for continuous metal casting
US3865176A (en) * 1973-09-28 1975-02-11 Hazelett Strip Casting Corp Casting method for twin-belt continuous metal casting machines
US3955615A (en) * 1973-09-28 1976-05-11 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Twin-belt continuous casting apparatus
US4298053A (en) * 1974-03-18 1981-11-03 Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt Casting belts for machines for the continuous casting of metals
US4155396A (en) * 1975-02-10 1979-05-22 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Method and apparatus for continuously casting copper bar product
US4082101A (en) * 1975-08-07 1978-04-04 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Coolant nozzle apparatus in twin-belt continuous casting machines
US4217947A (en) * 1977-05-05 1980-08-19 Prolizenz Ag Process for the delivery of molten metal to a caterpillar type mold
US4276921A (en) * 1978-04-06 1981-07-07 Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt Process and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal
US4260008A (en) * 1979-05-30 1981-04-07 Asarco Incorporated Side dam apparatus for use in twin-belt continuous casting machines
US4239081A (en) * 1979-05-30 1980-12-16 Asarco Incorporated Side dam apparatus for use in twin-belt continuous casting machines
US4537243A (en) * 1980-10-22 1985-08-27 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Method of and apparatus for steam preheating endless flexible casting belt
FR2492696A1 (fr) * 1980-10-27 1982-04-30 Hazelett Strip Casting Corp Procede et dispositif de coulee continue de metal, du type a deux bandes
US4367783A (en) * 1980-10-27 1983-01-11 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal under controlled load conditions
US4621675A (en) * 1982-09-24 1986-11-11 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Process and apparatus for continuous casting
US4588021A (en) * 1983-11-07 1986-05-13 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Matrix coatings on endless flexible metallic belts for continuous casting machines method of forming such coatings and the coated belts
AU577268B2 (en) * 1983-12-14 1988-09-22 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Twin belt continuous casting
EP0145811A1 (en) * 1983-12-20 1985-06-26 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Process and apparatus for continuous casting
US4632176A (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-12-30 Pearce Ronald A Apparatus for continuous strip casting of aluminum sheet material
US4921037A (en) * 1988-07-19 1990-05-01 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Method and apparatus for introducing differential stresses in endless flexible metallic casting belts for enhancing belt performance in continuous metal casting machines
US5961797A (en) * 1996-05-03 1999-10-05 Asarco Incorporated Copper cathode starting sheets
US6153082A (en) * 1996-05-03 2000-11-28 Asarco Incorporated Copper cathode starting sheets
US5967223A (en) * 1996-07-10 1999-10-19 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Permanent-magnetic hydrodynamic methods and apparatus for stabilizing a casting belt in a continuous metal-casting machine
WO1999026744A1 (en) * 1997-11-20 1999-06-03 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Device and method for cooling casting belts
US5964276A (en) * 1998-07-24 1999-10-12 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Edge-DAM blocks having abuttable upstream and downstream faces meshing with each other in mating relationship for continuous casting of molten metals--methods and apparatus
US6386267B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2002-05-14 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Non-rotating, levitating, cylindrical air-pillow apparatus and method for supporting and guiding an endless flexible casting belt into the entrance of a continuous metal-casting machine
US6575226B2 (en) * 1999-07-30 2003-06-10 Hazelett Strip-Casting Corporation Non-rotating, levitating, cylindrical air-pillow method for supporting and guiding an endless flexible casting belt into the entrance of a continuous metal-casting machine
US6581675B1 (en) 2000-04-11 2003-06-24 Alcoa Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metals
US6755236B1 (en) 2000-08-07 2004-06-29 Alcan International Limited Belt-cooling and guiding means for continuous belt casting of metal strip
US20040211546A1 (en) * 2000-08-07 2004-10-28 Sivilotti Olivo G. Belt-cooling and guiding means for continuous belt casting of metal strip
US6910524B2 (en) 2000-08-07 2005-06-28 Novelis Inc. Belt-cooling and guiding means for continuous belt casting of metal strip
US20050022961A1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-03 Hof Te Fiennes N.V. Casting system and method for pouring nonferrous metal molten masses
EP1506827A1 (de) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-16 Hof Te Fiennes N.V. Giesssystem und Verfahren zum Vergiessen von NE-Metallschmelzen
US6994149B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2006-02-07 Hof Te Fiennes N.V. Casting system and method for pouring nonferrous metal molten masses
US20100243196A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Daniel Godin Continuous casting apparatus for casting strip of variable width
US20100243194A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Edward Luce Stationary side dam for continuous casting apparatus
US8122938B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2012-02-28 Novelis Inc. Stationary side dam for continuous casting apparatus
US8579012B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2013-11-12 Novelis Inc. Continuous casting apparatus for casting strip of variable width
ITVR20130269A1 (it) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-05 B2Ft S R L Impianto per la produzione, mediante colata, di lingotti in metallo
CN106975660A (zh) * 2017-04-20 2017-07-25 深圳市中创镁工程技术有限公司 一种镁合金连铸连轧装置及镁合金连铸连轧方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL123039C (pt)
CH375846A (de) 1964-03-15
GB912744A (en) 1962-12-12
GB912742A (en) 1962-12-12
ES247936A1 (es) 1959-08-16
BE576793A (pt)
NL237185A (pt)
FR1218995A (fr) 1960-05-13
US3123874A (en) 1964-03-10
DE1268319B (de) 1968-05-16

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