US3032871A - Method for the cold form generating of cylindrical workpieces - Google Patents

Method for the cold form generating of cylindrical workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3032871A
US3032871A US812509A US81250959A US3032871A US 3032871 A US3032871 A US 3032871A US 812509 A US812509 A US 812509A US 81250959 A US81250959 A US 81250959A US 3032871 A US3032871 A US 3032871A
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
tools
generating
axis
movement
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Expired - Lifetime
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US812509A
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English (en)
Inventor
Meyer Albert
Wenger Otto
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Maag Zahnrader und Maschinen AG
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Maag Zahnrader und Maschinen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls

Definitions

  • Another known method makes use of cold form generating rolls rotatably mounted in a rotating head and brought in rapid succession in and out of engagement with the rotating workpiece slowly fed in axial direction.
  • This method admits normal tooth depths; however it requires for each tooth number of the same pitch a corresponding thread roll having the shape of the tooth space, as there is no rolling movement on account of the momentaneous and very short engaging length. It is therefore difficult to produce accurate profiles by this prior method.
  • the generating rolls must be staggered by A of the pitch. Besides the distortion of the generating roll profile a force is produced in the axis of the workpiece which may reduce the accuracy of the generating operation.
  • a method for the cold form generating of cylindrical workpieces by means of generating tools moved relatively to the workpiece comprises the steps of imparting to the generating tools a movement in a plane comprising the profile track to be worked, directed towards the middle axis of the workpieces, of smaller dimension than the height of the profile to be worked and adapted to form the required profile without cutting and the steps of simultaneously imparting to the workpiece about its longitudinal middle axis a rotary generating motion determined by the movement of the tools, the nature of work piece and of the profile to be produced, and of producing a relative feeding motion in axial direction of the work piece between the latter and the tools.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a sectional view through the axis of the workpiece and a partial cross-section of a tool holder along the line II in FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a partial longitudinal section through three tool holders in star arrangement about a cylindrical workpiece shown in cross-section.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a partial view of the produced toothing for the explanation of generating steps.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates an arrangement for producing gears with straight spur gears by means of two opposite tools showing the tool in a cross-section, along, the line IVIV in FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 5 is a cross-section along the line VV in FIGURE 4 of the same arrangement as in FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURE 6 shows the disposition of the tools as used for producing straight spur gears in the arrangement of FIGURES 4 and 5, seen in the direction of the arrow VI in FIGURE 4, and
  • FIGURE 7 shows, in a view similar to that of FIGURE 6, the disposition of the tools as used for producing helical spur gears.
  • the outer part of a cylindrical workpiece A of cold worked metal is repeatedly exposed to the action of several generating worms 1, which execute a rapid movement in direction to the axis B of the workpiece A in order to produce the desired profile on the workpiece, this profile being formed by the generating or rolling motion between the rotating workpiece A and the tool 1.
  • This movement of each tool consists of an oscillation in direction of the axis X, i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the toothing to be produced and simultaneously in an oscillation in direction of the axis Y which extends radially to the workpiece A.
  • these tools execute a movement C relative to the workpiece (FIGURE 1) whose trajectory has the shape of a flat ellipse mounting somewhat on the disengaging side.
  • the generating worms 1 are mounted on pivoting and axially swinging tool holders 3 the axis of revolution of the worms being perpendicular to the swinging axis Y which is at the same time the tool holder axis.
  • the tool holders 3 are mounted in a housing (not shown) so as to be slidable and pivotable about the axis Y; their swinging movement is produced mechanically in a not represented manner.
  • the tool holder axis Y may be perpendicular or inclined to the axis of the axis B of the workpiece A, the axes Y of the tool holders 3 always intersecting the axis B in one point.
  • the rotating speed of the worms 1 is a whole number multiple of the rotating speed of the workpiece A, i.e. for each complete revolution of the workpiece each worm 1 effects several in complete revolutions namely at least one for each groove to be produced on the workpiece A.
  • the workpiece A is displaced in direction of its axis B by an axial feeding in direction G.
  • This axial feed may be produced mechanically, electrically or hydraulically in a manner known per se.
  • the workpiece A in addition to its rotation is slowly fed between the moved profiling worms 1, whereby the latter first produces small recesses which are increased in size as the operation proceeds until the desired profile is generated.
  • the continual rotation and the axial feed together with the corresponding movements of the worms I produce by rolling in the border zone of the workpiece A a gear toothing which exhibits a very accurate true running and an outstanding surface quality of the tooth flanks and faces.
  • the clamping device such as a mandrel or a collet carrying the work A is mounted just as in automatic lathes on a spindle which in turn is supported on a slide being slidable on the machine bed along the profile to be produced. Profile lengths corresponding approximately to the stroke of the slide may be executed.
  • Profile lengths corresponding approximately to the stroke of the slide may be executed.
  • FIGURE 2 shows by way of an example an embodiment for generating gears from a workpiece A by means of three tool holders 3 disposed in a starlike arrangement.
  • the axes Y of these holders 3 intersect in one point of the axis B of the work so that their bearings have no radial forces to take up.
  • the three angles a, p and 7 between the axes Y differ from each other by an amount which can be from one angular second to 15 angular degrees.
  • This irregular division results in an automatic correction of the profile being formed on the workpiece A, if the latter has a heterogeneous structure and as a result thereof has different hardnesses at different points thereof.
  • the rotation of the generating worms is positively synchronized by means of shafts and gears in the gear box 4.
  • a cylindrical bar e.g. a steel rod serves as workpiece A whose outer diameter (FIGURE 1) corresponds approximately to the pitch circle of the gear to be produced.
  • This workpiece is clamped in the clamping device; then the tools, i.e. the generating worms 1 are radially set so that the distance between the tooth crest of the tool at the inner end of the stroke thereof in the sense of the axis Y, corresponding to the position of these worms shown in FIGURE 1 and the workpiece axis B corresponds to the root circle S of the gear to be produced.
  • the tools are moved in such a manner that they execute their movements C in the plane which contains the profile trajectory to be produced.
  • the work piece receives a feed movement towards the working area being situated between the tools and a rotation about its axis B being synchronized with the movement of the tools and with the designed number of teeth.
  • This rotation is transmitted to the shafts 5 and therefore to the tools by means of a dividing and change gearing (not shown).
  • a dividing and change gearing not shown.
  • FIGURES I -7 show a device producing at will straight spur gears (FIGURES 4-6) or helical spur gears (FIG- URE 7).
  • Two generating worms 1 carried by the tool holders 3 act on the workpiece again designated by A.
  • the radial forces transmitted from one of the tools to the workpiece are compensated by a second tool situated acting on the opposite side of the workpiece.
  • the axes Y of the two tool holders 3 intersect with the axis B of the workpiece A so that no radial forces have to be taken up by the supports of the workpiece A, when both tool holders 3 act simultaneously on the workpiece.
  • helical spur gears may be produced as shown in FIGURE 7.
  • the axes of the generating worms .1 are pivoted so with regard to the axis B of rotation of the workpiece A that the helix lines in the tangential section on the working side of the worms 1 are aligned with the desired helix angle of the gear.
  • the ratio of rotation between worm 1 and the workpiece A which is a Whole number multiple remains the same according to the desired number of teeth; but the number of rotations of the work must be corrected according to the pitch angle and the feed just as with normal profiling machines.
  • a cylindrical bar serving as a workpiece is clamped in a clamping device just as in FIGURE 2, whereby again the outer diameter 11 (FIGURE 1) corresponds approximately to the pitch circle rip of the gear to be produced.
  • the generating worms are radially adjusted on the work as explained in the first example, and the amount of pivoting of the tool axis is set according as a helical or a straight spur gear is required.
  • the tools are set in motion.
  • the tool and workpiece movements may be the same as in the first example, i.e. the work is rotated about its axis and is fed, whereas the tools execute the elliptical movements C as explained with regard to FIGURE 1.
  • the rolling movements of the profiling worms 1 may produce in the work A deviations from the desired direction of the teeth.
  • This additional reciprocating movement of the tools takes place in a direction perpendicular to the desired direction of the teeth, i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the movement C (FIGURE 1). It is so set that the tool executes during each alternate movement C a go movement v (FIGURE 4) perpendicular to the plane C, whereas the return movement u takes place during the intermediate movements C.
  • the additional, oscillating rotation of the work piece corresponds exactly to the strokes u and v respectively in the generating circle of the toothing to be produced.
  • the method described permits the execution of rolled profiles in the outer zone of a workpiece whereby it is possible to produce with one tool (generating worm with basic rack form) all possible numbers of teeth together with the so-called profile corrections (profile displacement). Therefore, it is no longer necessary as with the known prior methods to provide a special tool for each teeth number or each number group of teeth.
  • the method also is carried out by keeping the workpiece changed in axial direction and by imparting a feed to the profiling tools in direction of the profile trajectory.
  • each tool is a worm, and each tool is rotated about its own longitudinal central axis, the movement of each tool in the direction in which the portion of the profile extends and toward and away from the workpiece being in a fiat ellipse which lies in a plane including a line corresponding to the direction in which the portion of the profile extends, the dimension of said ellipse in the direction toward and away from said workpiece being less. than the height of the portion of the profile, said tools rotating in a direction opposite to the direction in which said tools move around said ellipse and at an average speed equal to the speed of the movement of said tools around said ellipse.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
US812509A 1958-05-16 1959-05-11 Method for the cold form generating of cylindrical workpieces Expired - Lifetime US3032871A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5957758A CH393236A (de) 1958-05-16 1958-05-16 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum spanlosen Profilieren der Mantelfläche von zylindrischen Werkstücken mit sich regelmässig wiederholendem Profil

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US3032871A true US3032871A (en) 1962-05-08

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US812509A Expired - Lifetime US3032871A (en) 1958-05-16 1959-05-11 Method for the cold form generating of cylindrical workpieces
US813481A Expired - Lifetime US2991672A (en) 1958-05-16 1959-05-15 Machine for the cold form generating of cylindrical workpieces

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US813481A Expired - Lifetime US2991672A (en) 1958-05-16 1959-05-15 Machine for the cold form generating of cylindrical workpieces

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US (2) US3032871A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png)
CH (1) CH393236A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png)
DE (1) DE1204615C2 (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png)
FR (1) FR1224595A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png)
GB (1) GB876932A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png)
NL (1) NL239262A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png)
SE (1) SE190745C1 (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336657A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-08-22 Phillips Petroleum Co Scarfing tool and method for joining metal bands
US3713315A (en) * 1969-09-16 1973-01-30 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Cold rolling profiles on cylindrical workpieces

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3096669A (en) * 1958-09-15 1963-07-09 Kent Owens Machine Co Metal forming machine and method
DE1280198B (de) * 1961-07-07 1968-10-17 Grob Ernst Fa Verfahren zum spanlosen Profilieren, vorzugsweise Verzahnen, von zylindrischen metallischen Werkstuecken und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
US3159062A (en) * 1962-06-04 1964-12-01 Lees Bradner Co Apparatus and method for forming helical gears or splines
US3253444A (en) * 1963-07-11 1966-05-31 Gen Motors Corp Method and apparatus for straightening tubular members
US3292405A (en) * 1963-09-16 1966-12-20 Kent Owens Machine Co Apparatus for producing gear teeth or the like
DE1294912B (de) * 1964-07-25 1969-05-14 Pee Wee Maschinen U Appbau Wer Walzeinrichtung zum Verzahnen von zylindrischen Werkstuecken
CH609261A5 (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png) * 1976-06-30 1979-02-28 Grob Ernst Fa
CH631372A5 (de) * 1978-09-08 1982-08-13 Grob Ernst Fa Kaltwalzverfahren und kaltwalzmaschine zum herstellen eines profilierten rotations-werkstuecks.
US4408473A (en) * 1981-11-09 1983-10-11 Lear Siegler, Inc. Gear-roller
US4584861A (en) * 1984-07-03 1986-04-29 Battelle Development Corporation Knurling tool
FR2576228B1 (fr) * 1985-01-23 1989-12-01 Escofier Tech Sa Procede et dispositif pour la realisation de gorges sur une paroi de revolution
MXPA06008340A (es) * 2004-02-06 2007-04-17 Grob Ernst Fa Dispositivo y metodo para producir secciones perfiladas dentadas en piezas de trabajo.
DE102006028272A1 (de) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-27 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Gerollte Gleitlagerbuchse
CN107695263A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2018-02-16 重庆大学 一种圆柱直齿轮的空间交错滚轧成形装置
CN114789216B (zh) * 2022-04-22 2023-08-22 西安理工大学 一种柔性化高速冷滚打成形装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1580975A (en) * 1924-01-03 1926-04-13 Retterath Valentin Device for making corrugated cylinders
US2423932A (en) * 1944-12-15 1947-07-15 N H Weil Gear rolling machine
US2715846A (en) * 1951-05-16 1955-08-23 Grob Inc Method of groove forming
GB778427A (en) * 1954-03-20 1957-07-10 Grob Ernst A method and a machine for forming screw threads without cutting off chips

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1622744A (en) * 1926-04-05 1927-03-29 Ralph C Stiefel Tube-forming mill
NL59098C (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png) * 1942-01-16
DE947882C (de) * 1953-07-17 1956-08-23 Werner Arnsdorf Einrichtung zum Warmwalzen von Schraegzahnstirnraedern und Schraubenraedern
CH328812A (de) * 1954-03-20 1958-03-31 Grob Ernst Verfahren und Maschine zur spanlosen Formung von Gewinden
DE1021322B (de) * 1955-11-11 1957-12-27 Ernst Grob Einrichtung zum Herstellen von gerade oder schraeg zur Werkstueckachse verlaufenden parallelen Profilen
GB794409A (en) * 1955-11-11 1958-05-07 Grob Ernst Tool head for the non-cutting profiling of metal bodies

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1580975A (en) * 1924-01-03 1926-04-13 Retterath Valentin Device for making corrugated cylinders
US2423932A (en) * 1944-12-15 1947-07-15 N H Weil Gear rolling machine
US2715846A (en) * 1951-05-16 1955-08-23 Grob Inc Method of groove forming
GB778427A (en) * 1954-03-20 1957-07-10 Grob Ernst A method and a machine for forming screw threads without cutting off chips

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336657A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-08-22 Phillips Petroleum Co Scarfing tool and method for joining metal bands
US3713315A (en) * 1969-09-16 1973-01-30 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Cold rolling profiles on cylindrical workpieces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1224595A (fr) 1960-06-24
DE1204615C2 (de) 1973-05-10
DE1204615B (de) 1965-11-11
NL239262A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png)
SE190745C1 (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00273.png) 1964-08-04
US2991672A (en) 1961-07-11
GB876932A (en) 1961-09-06
CH393236A (de) 1965-06-15

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