Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/53—Polyethers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/165—Ethers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
  • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer

Definitions

• This invention relates to the sizing of textile yarn.
• this invention relates to the process of sizing textile yarn.
• a further aspect of this invention is directed to sized yarn and articles of manufacture resulting therefrom.
• Materials commonly used for sizing textile yarns are film-forming materials such as starch and gelatin for the older fibers, i.e., cotton, wool, rayon and the like, and more recently materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, hydroxyethylated starch which are chiefly used on the new synthetic fibers such as nylon Orlon Dacron Dynel and others well recognized to the art.
• These conventional filmforming agents are modified by additional agents to make them suitable as warp sizes. In some cases the films are quite weak, such as with starch, and materials such as natural gums are added to increase its strength. Starch and the other materials lack lubricating properties and generally have added to them various waxes and oils to act as lubricants during the weaving process.
• sizing materials form films which'are too brittle and must be plasticized or softened by adding humectants such as a glycol and glycerine or cationic softeners such as amine fatty acid condensates.
• humectants such as a glycol and glycerine or cationic softeners such as amine fatty acid condensates.
• the adhesion of the film-forming materials to the fibers is poor and small amounts of active solvents or of surface active agents must be added to improve this property.
• starch which is almost universally used in cotton sizing, the size material is hard to prepare since it must be cooked in order to form a suitable dispersion for application to the yarn and, since it is insoluble in water, it must be removed after the weaving operation 1
• a further object of this invention is the production of cloth woven from yarn which yarn has been sized with a sizing amount of poly(ethylene oxide) as the sole sizing ingredient; or poly(ethylene oxide) in admixture with polyethylene glycol or starch.
• the water-soluble ethylene oxide polymers contemplated herein are those having a reduced viscosity from about 1 to about 60 and higher. Polymers with reduced viscosities from about 1 to about 30 are preferred.
• reduced viscosity a value obtained by dividing the specific viscosity by the concentration of the polymer in the solution, the concentration being measured in grams of polymer per m1. of solvent, is regarded as a measure of molecular weight.
• the specific viscosity is obtained by dividing the difference between the viscosity of the solution and the viscosity of the solvent by the viscosity of the solvent.
• the reduced viscosities herein referred to are measured at a concentration of 0.2 gram of polymer in 100 ml of acetonitrile at 30 C.
• Poly(ethylene oxide) with a reduced viscosity from about 1.0 to about 60 and greater can be made by a variety of processes.
• a number of catalysts can be used to effect the polymerization reaction.
• These are a number of pure metal carbonates such as calcium, strontium, barium and manganous carbonate which preferably are in a form containing at least about 0.1 percent by weight of sorbed water and preferably are substantially free of non-sorbed water.
• the alkaline earth metal carbonates are preferably used in a concentration from about 0.3 to 3 percent by weight based on the ethylene oxide to be polymerized, and manganous carbonate is preferably used inconcentrations of the order of 0.1 percent by weight based on the ethylene oxide to be polymerized.
• the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of from 90 C. to C.
• the production of poly(ethylene oxide) by the use of such carbonates is the subject matter of the application by F. N. Hill and F. E. Bailey, Jr., entitled Polymerization of Epoxides, Serial No.'587,933, filed May 26, 1956, now abandoned, and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
• the derivatives obtained by reacting an alkaline earth metal with organic hydroxy compounds can also be used to polymerize ethylene oxide to produce polymers with reduced viscosities of about 1.0 and greater.
• Such materials a strontium methylate, calcium glycoxide, barium phenolate, the calcium derivative of Z-methoxymethanol, and the calcium derivative of diethylene glycol are satisfactory catalysts for the polymerization reaction. Care should be taken to avoid inactivation of these catalysts by reactive gases such as moist air.
• Catalysts such as these can be used in a concentration in the range from about 0.1 to about 2.0 percent by weight of the ethylene oxide to be polymerized While employing a reaction temperature, preferably in the range from about 90 C. to about 150 C.
• hexammoniates and amidesof the alkaline earth metals and the decomposition products of the hexammoniates which contain the alkaline earth metal, nitrogen, and hydrogen are particularly well adapted to producing poly(ethylene oxide) with a reduced viscosity greater than 30 when measured in a concentration of 0.2 gram of. polymer per 100 ml. of solution in acetonitrile at 30 C.
• the hexammoniates can be made by reacting the appropriate alkaline earth metal with liquid ammonia. A solid is recovered by allowing the unreacted ammonia to evaporate. On standing, While protected from reactive gases or vapors, the solid decomposes to give an amide as an ultimate product. Methods for making the hexammoniates and amides are found in the articles of Bergstrom and Fernelius in Chem. Revs. 12, 43 (1933) and in Chem. Revs. 20, 413 (1937). These catalysts should be carefully protected from reactive gases (the hexammoniates are pyrophoric) during preparation and in all operations after preparation.
• catalysts are preferably employed in concentrations in the range from about 0.02 percent to 10 percent by weight based on the ethylene oxide charged while employing a reaction temperature preferably in the range from about 0 C. to 60 'C.
• the process is the subject matter of the application of F. N. Hill, I. T. Fitzpatrick and F. E. Bailey, Jr., entitled Polymerization of Epoxides and New Products Obtained Thereby, Serial No. 587,955, filed May 29, 1956, now abandoned, and assigned to the same assignee as the'present invention.
• the ethylene oxide polymers throughout he range of reduced viscosities from about 1.0 to about 60 and greater,
• poly(ethylene oxide) are water soluble. They appear to form homogeneous systems with water in all proportions.
• the water solubility characteristic of poly(ethylene oxide) is of particular advantage; textile yarn treated with the novel sized material of this invention and woven into fabric can be waterwashed, necessary to remove the poly(ethylene oxide) size therefrom.
• the ethylene oxide polymers produced by the above methods show little change in melting point with increased molecular .weight and the melting point, as measured by change of stiffness with temperature,
• the sized material of this invention is applicable to synthetic and natural fibers such as cotton, wool, rayon, silk, acetate rayon, Orlon, nylon, Dacron, Dynel and the like.
• Poly (ethylene oxide) size is a strong, flexible, resinous material.
• the sizing solution is prepared by dissolving in water poly(ethylene oxide) having a reduced viscosity from about 1 to about 60 and greater, and preferably from about 1 to about 30. Once the weaving operation is finished the water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) size is removed by washing in water or a soap and water solution. If desired, the size can be left on the fabric and thus, assumes the role of a finishing agent.
• the sized material exhibits, among other desirable features, little or no flakingor shedding during the weaving operation, and no stickiness, which is an undesirable feature of some types of sizing materials. It has anextremely low biological oxygen demand, which is a desirable feature of warp sizes since stream pollution has become a serious factor in modern textile mill op erations. Additionally, it is more eificient than most conventional sizing materials because smaller amounts will perform effectively as a size. ide) is water-soluble, it has surprisingly low-moisture.- pickup in dry form.
• the poly(ethylene oxide) contemplated in my invention is substantially as fiexible'at 25 percent relative humidity as it is at percent relative humidity- Consequently, exacting humidity control ove'r the Weavingroom is not necessary.-
• the poly(ethylene oxide), contemplated by my invention is employed as a warp size agent for tentile yarn, since the weft yarn does'not" usually require a sizing agent.
• both Weft and warp yarns can be coated or impregnated with my novel sizecomposition.
• the size solution can be prepared by adding poly- (ethylene oxide) having a reduced viscosity from about 1 to about 60 and greater, to water, at ambient room temperature.
• the solution viscosity is in the range from about centipoises to about 15,000 centipoises, preferably from about 1,000 centipoises to about 6,000 centipoises.
• agitation means such as a slow speed paddle will effect solution of the water-soluble polyrriers- Conventional wetting agents such as Tergitol TMN polyethylene glycol alkyl ether and others well recognized in the art can be employed.
• the percent by weight of poly(ethylene oxide) size on the sizedyarn is governed by several 'factors such as economic consideration, type and weight of the yarn fibers, time of size treatment, the reduced viscosity of the 'size, the viscosity of the size solution employed the pressure on the squeeze rolls and the temperature of the drying cansof the slasher, the particular weave in which the yarn is to be woven, etc.
• concentration of the size inthe aqueous solution is such that from about 1 toabout 6 percent by weight, and higher of poly(ethylene oxide) having a reduced viscosity of approximately 1 and higher is deposited on the yarn prior to weaving.
• a fine yarn requires more percent by weight of size, based on the'weight of the yarn treated, than a heavier yarn. It is advisable and convenient to apply the size solution having a "solution viscosity from about 100 centipoises to about 1'5',000'centipoises, preferably from about 1,000 centipoises to about 6,000 centipoises,
• poly(ethylene oxide) itself.
• Poly(ethylene oxide) increases the toughness and lubricity of these other filmforming agents, and in many cases improves their solubility in water and reduces their biological oxygen de mand.
• non-volatile polyethylene glycol is not suitable for use as a size agent by itself.
• tlnit polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight range from about 400 to about 15,000 can be dissolved in an aqueous solution containing the above-described ethylene oxide polymers, i.e., possessing a reduced viscosity in acetonitrile of at least one, to give a suitable size formulation for synthetic and natural yarn such as cotton, Dacron, Orlon, Dynel, rayon, etc. Satisfactory results are obtained by dissolving in said aqueous solution up to 60 percent by weight, based on the poly(ethylene oxide), of polyethylene glycol.
• this size solution can have a solution viscosity in the range from about 500 to about 10,000 centipoises, and higher, and preferably from 1,000 to about 6,000 centipoises, at ambient room temperature, i.e., approximately 70 F. Lower temperatures and temperatures up to 190 F. are satisfactory providing that the solution viscosity falls Within the above-mentioned range and that molecular degradation of the poly(ethylene oxide) is substantially avoided.
• Admixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) and up to 60 percent by weight of polyethylene glycol based on the poly- (ethylene oxide) are somewhat incompatible; however, the use of such admixtures as a size agent is apparently uneffected.
• the incompatibility characteristic becomes more pronounced with admixtures containing greater than 60 percent by weight of polyethylene glycol,,based on the poly(ethylene oxide), and consequently, such ,ad-
• aqueous size agent comprising poly(ethylene oxide) and up to 90 percent by weight of corn starch or a hydroxyethylated starch, based on the poly(ethylene oxide) gives satisfactoryresults.
• the aqueous size agent can be prepared by cooking the starch in an aqueous medium until dispersion of the starch occurs, and subsequently adding the water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide).
• the aqueous admixture can be agitated to facilitate the dissolving of said poly(ethylene oxide) in the aqueous medium.
• the aqueous admixture comprising poly(ethylene oxide) and corn starch can have a solution viscosity in the range from about 100 to about 5,000 centipoises, and higher, and preferably from about 100 to about 2,000 centipoises, at ambient room temperature, i.e., about 70 F. Satisfactory results are likewise obtained when employing as a size agent an aqueous admixture comprising poly(ethylene oxide) and an hydroxyethylated starch having a-solution viscosity range from about 100 to about 1,000 at ambient room temperature. Temperatures lower than 70 F. and as high as 190 F. are satisfactory providing that the solution viscosity is within the above-mentioned ranges and that Patrick and Ford trademark to: hydroxyethylated starch.
• the weight of size (dry), based on the weight of yarn, necessary for suitable results is governed by various factors. I have found, in general, that Dynel yarn sized with about 5 to about 20 percent by weight of poly(ethylene oxide) is satisfactory whereas cotton yarn size with about 1 to about 6 percent by weight of poly(ethylene oxide) gives suitable results. When employing poly(ethylene oxide) and polyethylene glycol as the size agent, cotton yarn may be effectively sized with aboutv 2.5 to about 7.0 percent by weight. Cotton yarn sized with about 3.5 to 10 percent by weight of poly(ethylene oxide) and corn starch gives suitable results.
• EXAMPLE II EXAMPLE III A. Preparation of strontium methylate Strontium metal, 50 grams in amount, cut into small pieces, was placed in a 2liter creased flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet and vent for the nitrogen, condenser and feed tank, and washed with cc. of methanol of 99.5 percent by weight minimum purity and containing a maximum of 0.002 percent by weight of acetone. The flask was purged with nitrogen. The wash methanol was removed from the flask by suction and discarded. Fresh methanol, 600 cc. in amount, was added to the strontium metal and allowed to react with stirring.
• the reaction was complete in about 2 hours, at which time the flask was transferred to a dry box under a nitrogen atmosphere and .the solid precipitation of strontium methylate filtered off. The precipitate was bottled under nitrogen and used in the following preparation of poly(ethylene oxide).
• EXAMPLE IV Varying concentrations of aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solution having a reduced viscosity of approximately were applied to a low-twist cotton yarn using a Model 51 Calloway slasher. A single cotton yarn with'a 3.75 twist multiplier was employed because a fine yarn with a soft twist will give a more critical test of; the properties of the sizing agent.
• the poly(ethylene oxide) dissolved in water was applied'as a warp size to a yard band of ends of yarn using various temperatures of application, various concentrations of poly(ethylene oxide) in the size box (disclosed in Table I), and various degrees of wet pickup.
• the yarn was dried on 4' cylinders set consecutively attemperatures of: 150 F., 170 F., 200 F., and 170 F. and was wound onto a spool using a minimum of tension.
• a standard starch size was used 'as a control sample.
• tex Compound 85 as a softener and lubricant was cooked 1 /2 hours at 212 F. and then applied to the same low-twist cotton yarn using the Calloway slasher at a concentration normally used in industrial practice.
• the size box was maintained at a temperature of 200 F. and the drying cylinders were set at 200 F., 250 F., and 230 F. respectively.
• the various samples of yarn that had been sized on the Calloway slasher were tested on the warp shed tester.
• This tester is an instrument designed to simulate all the actions of a loom except the laying in and beating up of the filling yarn by the shuttle and reed.
• the tester consists of a tension controlled let-off spool, two sets of harnesses and heddles, a reed, an up-beat motion, drop wires, and a take-up mechanism.
• the mechanical motion of the various parts simulates a loom operation of 176 picks per minute.
• Run 13 the weaving test sample, discloses the results-of the cotton yarn impregnated with 3.30 percent by weight ofthe size. It is pointed out that the shed value (0.79) and ends down per hour (0.25) are ex tremely satisfactory.
• the cotton yarn impregnated in the manner disclosed in run 13 (Example IV) was tested in an actual weaving trial. The results are setout in Example VI below.
• Example V The'procedure, equipment and cotton yarn employed in Example IVwere followedin the following runs.
• the reduced viscosity of the poly(ethylene oxide) ranged from 5 to 60; note first vertical column of Table II.
• the temperature of the sizing solution was approximately 72 F.
• Table II The results are set out in Table II below.
• EXAMPLE v11 Poly(ethylene oxide) having a reduced viscosity of 3.8 was applied to a 30 single cotton yarn. The yarn was slashed on a five-cylinder Cocker'slasher at 8 yards per minute. The sized yarn was subsequently woven into an run consisted of 40 yards of warp with the loom running at 168 picks per minute (40 yards being approximately equivalent to 100,000 picks). The results are set out in Table III below.
• fiber like many of the newer synthetic fibers, presents a problem of sizing, in that its surface contains a large number of short highly resilient fibers, which, unless cfficiently lubricated and bound by the sizing agent, entangle during the weaving processes and cause breakage of the yarn.
• the poly(ethylene oxide) was applied to Dynel yarn on a Model 51 Calloway slasher at F. The yarn was dried at temperatures between F. and 200 F. Results of the percent shed of the size and ends golwn per hour of the yarn are set forth in Table IV e ow.
• Poly(ethylene oxide) applied as a size to Dynel fiber not only has good adhesion as indicated by little or no flaking, but appears to lubricate and bind the short fibers comprising Dynel yarn and thus, effectively prevents entanglement and gives free low yarn breakage.
• Runs 2 and 3 show very low valuesregarding percentage shed of the size and the ends down per hour of the yarn 1ndicating excellent performance.
• a comparison with a conventionally compounded size made from Penform Gum, Elvanol 51-05, and Seyco Wax C, run 1 of Table IV shows that even with large quantities of this size yarn In comparison, run 3 with poly(ethylene oxide) shows better performance with a lower quantity of size.
• EXAMPLE IX Various sizing formulations were applied to a Burlington Dacron yarn in the manner set forth in Example IV using the Model 51 Calloway slasher. A 30 singles Dacron yarn, 3 denier, 1% inch staple-was employed. The various samples of yarn that had been sized on the Calloway slasher were tested on the warp shed tester described previously. The results are set out in Table V Table V Solution Composition, Per- Shed Tester cent by Wt 1 Temp. of Solution Yarn Size Run Solution Viscosity Content Poly- Polyeth- F.) (cps) (Percent Shed Ends (ethylene Penford ylene by Wt.) (Percent Down oxide) Gum Glycol y Wt.) Per Hour . 1 Poly(ethylene oxide) haying a reduced viscosity of 3.8.
• t A hydroxyethylated starch.
• % by weight oihydroxyethylated starch 22% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol; 9% by weight 69 0f blend of natural and synthetic fats and waxes.
• EXAMPLE X 9 The process of claim 8 wherein said aqueous solu- In this example several experiments were conducted tion has a solution viscqsity in the range from about employing as a size poly(ethylene oxide) per se, or in 500 to about 3 I Q PQ S- admixture with cornstarch or polyethylene glycol. Corn 0.
• the size formulations were glycol is employed in an amount up. to about 60 percent applied to a 30-single cotton yarn using the Calloway by weight, based ontlgle weight of the poly(ethylene 0xslasher described above, and the various samples of sized ide).
• aqueous solution comprising poly(ethylene oxide), said poly(ethylene oxide) having a reduced viscosity in acetonitrile in the range from about 1 to 60, and said aqueous solution possessing a solution viscosity in the range from about 100 centipoises to about 15,000 centipoises.
• An article of manufacture comprising textile yarn selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic fibers sized with a sizing amount of a water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) having a reduced viscosity in acetonitrile greater than one.
• An article of manufacture comprising textile yarn selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic fibers sized with a sizing amount of a mixture of poly(ethylene oxide) and polyethylene glycol, said poly- (ethylene oxide) having a reduced viscosity in acetonitrile of at least one, said polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight in the range from about 400 to about 15,000 and said mixture containing up to 60 percent by weight of polyethylene glycol, based on the weight of poly(ethylene oxide).
• An article of manufacture comprising textile yarn sized with a sizing amount of a mixture of poly(ethylene oxide) and starch, said poly(ethylene oxide) having a reduced viscosity in acetonitrile of at least one, and said mixture containing up to 90 percent -by weight of starch, based on the weight of poly(ethylene oxide).
• said starch is an hydroxyethylated starch
• said yarn is a synthetic yarn.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

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• 1957
  • 1957-02-20 US US641234A patent/US2980556A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1958
  • 1958-02-19 DE DEU5151A patent/DE1095780B/de active Pending
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