US2978391A - Nickel plating process and solution - Google Patents
Nickel plating process and solution Download PDFInfo
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- US2978391A US2978391A US757128A US75712858A US2978391A US 2978391 A US2978391 A US 2978391A US 757128 A US757128 A US 757128A US 75712858 A US75712858 A US 75712858A US 2978391 A US2978391 A US 2978391A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- solution
- brightening
- per liter
- grams
- Prior art date
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 78
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 46
- -1 carbon hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- OVQABVAKPIYHIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(benzenesulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OVQABVAKPIYHIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FZUJWWOKDIGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OS(O)(=O)=O FZUJWWOKDIGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNYWISZSMFIKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)CC=C UNYWISZSMFIKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VXNXBSIHSBVJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanoethylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NCCC#N VXNXBSIHSBVJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCMLQMDWSXFTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzenesulfonimidic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(N)(=O)=O YCMLQMDWSXFTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KGQAQPVJUXALTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dichlorobenzene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C(C(=CC1)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O)Cl KGQAQPVJUXALTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSPIFKKOBWYOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-acetylcoumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C(C(=O)C)=CC2=C1 CSPIFKKOBWYOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl cyanide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=C(C(=O)C#N)C=C1Cl JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHKYYUQQYARDIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(C)=CC=C3NC2=C1 PHKYYUQQYARDIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJIJXIFQYOPWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-hydroxycoumarin Natural products O1C(=O)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 CJIJXIFQYOPWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004422 alkyl sulphonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- MIAUJDCQDVWHEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O MIAUJDCQDVWHEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBVWKDVFDAWRFU-UHFFFAOYSA-L benzenesulfonate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IBVWKDVFDAWRFU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQGDUUUFOWPCQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;naphthalene Chemical compound [Co].C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JQGDUUUFOWPCQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L disulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOXWSDNHLSQKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C=C JOXWSDNHLSQKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PCPDOIKJFCRPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L naphthalene-1,2-disulfonate nickel(2+) Chemical compound C=1(C(=CC=C2C=CC=CC12)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ni+2] PCPDOIKJFCRPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YZMHQCWXYHARLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 YZMHQCWXYHARLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUYYTPOMFBRWBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene;sulfo hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O.C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 PUYYTPOMFBRWBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGEXUOTXYSGBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CGEXUOTXYSGBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTVVXRKGQRRXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O RTVVXRKGQRRXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- BSXLLFUSNQCWJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CS1 BSXLLFUSNQCWJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORHBXUUXSCNDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N umbelliferone Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 ORHBXUUXSCNDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
Definitions
- n 2,978,391 Patented Apr. 4, 1961
- the subscript n above has the significance of an integer from 1 to 4, while m also indicates an integer from 1 to 4.
- two of the characteristic groups may be connected through an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon hydrocarbon linkage as:
- the second addition agent which-cooperates withrthe brightener 'in bright, acid, nickel plati solutions fall 7 g 7 into the category of organic sulfonamidesr sulfiuiide's,
- NICKEL PLATING PROCESS AND SOLUTION atoms are not essential to have two of the characteristic groups in the molecule.
- One of them may Arthur H. Du Rose, Euclid, Ohio, assignor to The Har- I Shaw Chemical Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 3 coulomb be connected to various other groups such as alkyl groups, fion of Ohio alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups and groups made up of two or more of alkyl, alkenyl and/or alkynyl groups N0 Drawmg' Filed 1958, Nil-757,123 10 having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- CL 4 group may be connected to an amino group or alkyl substituted ammo group.
- the alkoxy compounds corresponding to the thioalkylene nitriles and the thiodialkylene nitriles may be called thioalkoxy nitriles and This invention relates to the electrodeposition of nickel thiodialkoxy itril Y a more Specifically to a Process of electrodepositing
- a general formula for compounds containing the nickel, and to a solution for use in a process for electrocharacteristic grouping, z)n may be Written; depositing nickel.
- the invention has to do with the A S (CH CN, whe n i a integer from 1 to 4 i v ry of per ing rig t g agents Sultable for and A is selected from radicals of the class consisting of: use in aqueous acid nickel plating solutions where the (1) NO (CH2)D v solution contains a nickel electrolyte selected from nickel 2 Noonouswnam, 711. being an integer from 1 to 4. sulfate and nickel chloride and mixtures thereof. 355 fff f gflg ifg gfl According to the discovery, excellent bright, ductile s Alkynyl (1 too 4 gafiboll atoms);
- ' u up and smooth deposits of mckel can be produced over a gg gg z integer from no wide cathode current density range by electrolyzing an R aqueous acid solution of a nickel electrolyte of the class consisting of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride and mixtures x of nickel sulfate and nickel chlon'de if the solution also 8) O-,whereRis independentlyHor alkyl,alkenyl or alkyny contains an efiective amount of each of two cooperating to 4 addition agents.
- One of the cooperating addition agents has an internal ibogfiili gfigdg Sn 8 1m e or W erevar 1 m t Sulfur f molecul? and 1s characwnzed
- the addition agents falling within this classification by a solubihty m the platmg .Solutlon of i .least 9 will hereafter be referred to as brighteners.
- Brighteners Typical gram per hter and the q i q n i s brighteners according to the invention are indicated in z)nh charactmstlc fgroupmg may Table I.
- each brightener which be found a number of 9 related W of should be dissolved in the plating solution is also indit whlcil may be cane? thloalkylene A cated in Table I in grams of brightener per liter of plating slrab 6 type 18 the symmemcal form solution. They may be used in the plating solution in 'NC-(CH -S--(CH ),,CN 40 concentration from 0.0001 to 0015.
- aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulfonates, sulfoamides and sulfimides are included the acids and their salts such as the sodium, potassium, nickel, cobalt, and iron salts thereof.
- the class includes aryl and unsaturated alkyl sulfonates, sulfimides and sulfonamides, and the foregoing salts thereof wherein the number of carbon atoms in any aryl nucleus is from 6 to 10 and in any unsaturated alkyl group is from 1 to 10, and substitution products of the foregoing wherein the substituents are chosen from the class of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, chlorine, CH and phenyl.
- fonarnides, sulfimides, and sulfonates are frequently referred to as carriers or regulators in the art of nickel plating, and accordingly, are sometimes so-called herein. These carriers produce a degree of brightness without a cooperating brightener.
- the carriers or regulators constituting this second class of addition agents are soluble in the plating solution (for example, in a solution consisting of 240 grams of NiSO .6H O, 37.5 grams of NiCl .6H O, 37.5 grams of H BO and water to make a liter) to the extent of at least 0.05 gram per liter.
- Typical compounds illustrating the aryl and unsaturated alkyl sulfonamides, sulfimides and sulfonates are set forth in Table II. With respect to the aromatic sulfonic acids and sulfonamides and sulfimides various substituents in the ring structure are evident in the formulas indicated.
- the brightening addition agent should be dissolved in the aqueous plating bath in an amount ranging from .0001 to'.015 gram per liter. Optimum results are usually secured if the concentration of the brighteners dissolved in the aqueous plating bath ranges from about .001 to about .005 gram of brightener per liter of solution.
- the amount of carrier dissolved in the acid nickel plating solution ranges from .05 gram per liter to 20 grams per liter, best results being obtained when the carrier is dissolved in the plating solution in amounts from about 2 to about grams per liter.
- Aromatic sulfonamides Benzene monosulfonamide o sSOaN saccharine, sodium salt CaHlSOaCONNSL p-Toluenesulfonamide CHaCoHsSOaNHa Trichlorodibenzenesulfonamide CIBCGHSSOSiNHSOZCBHAC].
- the constituents of the plating bath are (1) water, (2) nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, or a mixture of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, (3) the brightener, (4) a sulfonate, a sulfonamide, a sulfimide, or one or more sulfonates, sulfonamides, sulfimides or mixtures thereof of the type previously indicated, (5) and a wetting agent (optional).
- An additional ingredient of the solution which is desirable is a buffering agent such as boric acid, formic acid, or the like.
- the essential novel feature of the invention is the use of an acid nickel plating solution having one or more nickel electrolytes selected from nickel sulfate and nickel chloride and additionally containing cooperating brightening agents, one of which is at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of unsaturated aliphatic sulfonamides, unsaturated aliphatic sulfimides, unsaturated aliphatic sulfontes, aromatic sulfonamides, aromatic sulfimides nd aromatic sulfonates, and the other of which is a small amount of a brightener of the type heretofore indicated.
- Boric acid 0 to 60 grams, preferably 10 to 40 grams.
- Wetting agent e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
- 0 to 0.5 gram preferably 0.05 to 0.2 gram.
- ChlOl'ldE NiCl- .6H20 50 to 250 grams, preferably 100 to 200 grams.
- Boric acid 0 to 60 grams, preferably 10 to 40 grams.
- Wetting agent e.g., sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, sodium
- lauryl sulfate 0 to 0.5 gram, preferably 0.05 to .2 gram. H2O to make 1,000 cc.
- Sulfate-chloride 100 to 400 grams, preferably 200 to 300 grams.
- Nickel Sulfate 300 300 300 3 Nickel Fluobdr t e g./1 9 .599. 99. ni l l .Q Nickel Chloride, g./l 3s 3s 38 as as as 3s 38 as 300 Borlc Acid, g./1 3s 3s 38 3s 3s 3s 38 3s 38 10 3s Allyl Sulfonic Acid, g./1 Dibenzene Sulfonamide (Nickel salt), g./l 3 Naphthalene Disulfate, g./L Allyl Sulfouamide Bi-dibenzenesulionamide, g.
- Nickel Sulfate g./1 10 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 Nickel Fluoborate, g
- theaddition fonamides, sulfimides, and sulf onates contains an antipitting agent al- "solution in amounts from .03 to .25 gram-per liter and though the deposits may be suitable for some purposes preferably about .1 gram per liter, .rnaterially aids in without elimintaing pitting. 'Sodium lauryl sulfate or securing "a smooth nickel deposit.
- The'substituted couother wetting agents such as the sodium sulfate derivative marin derivatives Where the substituents are.
- alkyl oracyl of 7-ethyl-2-methyl-undecanol-4 and the dihexyl ester of groups not exceeding 4 carbon atoms,-halogen, hydroxy' sodium sulfosuccinic acid may be used as an antipitting or carboxy group's maybe employed.
- Typical examples agent although its use is not essential and other wetting of substitutedcoumarins are t-methyl coumarin, ,6-chloro agents or mixtures of Wetting agents may be used to coumarin, 3-acetyl coumarin,'coumaIin-3-oarboxylic acid,
- a nickel electroplating bath comprising an aqueous solution of a nickel electrolyte selected from the group consisting of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and mixtures thereof, said solution also containing cooperating brightening addition agents, one of said brightening addition agents being at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulfonates, sulfonamides and sulfimides and the second of said brightening addition agents being a compound of the formula A-fiS(CH C'N, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4 and A is selected from radicals of the class consisting of:
- n being an integer from 1 to 4; alkyl, 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkenyl, l to 4 carbon atoms; alkynyl, l to 4 carbon atoms; R NC H where R is chosen from alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl radicals of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
- RzN- N-R
- R is independently chosen from alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl radicals of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and compounds corresponding to the foregoing compounds wherein OCH CH has been substituted for (CH the first said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from 0.05 to 20 grams per liter and the second said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from 0.0001 to 0.015 gram per liter.
- a nickelelectroplating bath comprising an aqueous solution of a nickel electrolyte selected from the group consisting of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and mixtures thereof, said solution also containing cooperating brightening addition agents, one of said brightening addition agents being at least one organic compound se lected from the group consisting of aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulfonates, sulfonarnides and sulfimides and the second of said agents being a thioalkylene nitrile having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene group, the first said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from .05 to 20 grams per liter and the second said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from .0001 to .015 gram per liter.
- a nickel electroplating bath comprising an aqueous solution of a nickel electrolyte selected from the group consisting of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and mixtures thereof, said solution also containing cooperating brightening addition agents, one of said brightening addition agents being at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulfonates, sulfonamides and sulfimides and the second of said brightening addition agents being a thiodialkylene nitrile having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene group, the first said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from .05 to 20 grams per liter and the second said brightening agent being present in said solution to the extent of from .0001 to .015 gram per liter.
- a nickel electroplating bath comprising an aqueous solution of a nickel electrolyte selected from the group consisting of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and mixtures thereof, said solution also containing cooperating brightening addition agents, one of said brightening addition agents being at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulfonates, sulfonamides and sulfimides and the second of said brightening addition agents being a thioalkoxy nitrile having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkoxy group, the first said brightening addition agent 8 being present in said solution to the extent of from .05 to 20 grams per liter and the second said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from .0001 to .015 gram per liter.
- a nickel electroplating bath comprising an aqueous solution of nickel electrolyte selected from the group consisting of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and mixtures thereof, said solution also containing cooperating brightening addition agents, one of said brightening addition agents being at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulfonates, sulfonamides and sulfimides and the second of said brightening addition agents being a thiodialkoxy nitrile having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkoxy group, the first said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from .05 to 20 grams per liter and the second said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from .0001 to .015 gram per liter.
- An acid nickel electroplating solution comprising in addition to Water, nickel sulfate equivalent to from to 400 grams per liter of NiSO .7H O, nickel chloride equivalent to from 10 to 60 grams per liter of NiCl .6H O, a buffering agent and cooperating, brightening addition agents, one of said brightening addition agents being a compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulfonates, sulfonamides and sulfimides and the second of said brightening addition agents being a B,fi'-thiodipr0pionitrile, the first said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from 0.05 to 20 grams per liter and the second said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from 0.0005 to 0.006 gram per liter.
- An acid nickel electroplating solution comprising in addition to water, nickel sulfate equivalent to from 100 to 400 grams per liter of NiSO .7H O, nickel chloride equivalent to from 10 to 60 grams per liter of NiCl .6H O, a bufi'ering agent and cooperating, brightening addition agents, one of said brightening addition agents being a compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic sulfonates, sulfonamides and sulfimides and the second of said brightening addi tion agents being 1,2-bis-(fl-cyanoethylmercapto) ethane, the first said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from 0.05 to 20 grams per liter and the second said brightening addition agent being present in said solution to the extent of from 0.0001 to 0.012 gram per liter.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US757128A US2978391A (en) | 1958-08-25 | 1958-08-25 | Nickel plating process and solution |
| GB3562958A GB894190A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1958-08-25 | 1958-11-06 | |
| NL233540A NL112568C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1958-08-25 | 1958-11-24 | |
| FR781207A FR1215981A (fr) | 1958-08-25 | 1958-12-09 | Procédé d'électrodéposition du nickel |
| DEH35049A DE1133208B (de) | 1958-08-25 | 1958-12-09 | Saures galvanisches Nickelbad |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US757128A US2978391A (en) | 1958-08-25 | 1958-08-25 | Nickel plating process and solution |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2978391A true US2978391A (en) | 1961-04-04 |
Family
ID=25046473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US757128A Expired - Lifetime US2978391A (en) | 1958-08-25 | 1958-08-25 | Nickel plating process and solution |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2978391A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1133208B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1215981A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB894190A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL112568C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3093557A (en) * | 1961-08-25 | 1963-06-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Methods and electrolytes for depositing nickel and cobalt |
| US3114687A (en) * | 1961-03-10 | 1963-12-17 | Int Nickel Co | Electrorefining nickel |
| US3133006A (en) * | 1962-05-28 | 1964-05-12 | Barnet D Ostrow | Acid nickel plating bath |
| US3718549A (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1973-02-27 | Kewanee Oil Co | Alkaline nickel plating solutions |
| US3876513A (en) * | 1972-06-26 | 1975-04-08 | Oxy Metal Finishing Corp | Electrodeposition of bright cobalt plate |
| US3878067A (en) * | 1972-07-03 | 1975-04-15 | Oxy Metal Finishing Corp | Electrolyte and method for electrodepositing of bright nickel-iron alloy deposits |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3341433A (en) * | 1964-05-01 | 1967-09-12 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Electrodeposition of nickel |
| GB1505361A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1978-03-30 | Nat Res Dev | Electrochemical oxidation of cyanides |
| GB2171114A (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1986-08-20 | Canning W Materials Ltd | Trivalent chromium electroplating baths and rejuvenation thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2524010A (en) * | 1946-07-12 | 1950-09-26 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Electrodeposition of nickel |
| US2818376A (en) * | 1956-12-28 | 1957-12-31 | Hanson Van Winkle Munning Co | Nickel plating |
| US2882208A (en) * | 1957-09-23 | 1959-04-14 | Udylite Res Corp | Electrodeposition of nickel |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL207304A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1952-03-27 |
-
1958
- 1958-08-25 US US757128A patent/US2978391A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1958-11-06 GB GB3562958A patent/GB894190A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-11-24 NL NL233540A patent/NL112568C/xx active
- 1958-12-09 FR FR781207A patent/FR1215981A/fr not_active Expired
- 1958-12-09 DE DEH35049A patent/DE1133208B/de active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2524010A (en) * | 1946-07-12 | 1950-09-26 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Electrodeposition of nickel |
| US2818376A (en) * | 1956-12-28 | 1957-12-31 | Hanson Van Winkle Munning Co | Nickel plating |
| US2882208A (en) * | 1957-09-23 | 1959-04-14 | Udylite Res Corp | Electrodeposition of nickel |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3114687A (en) * | 1961-03-10 | 1963-12-17 | Int Nickel Co | Electrorefining nickel |
| US3093557A (en) * | 1961-08-25 | 1963-06-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Methods and electrolytes for depositing nickel and cobalt |
| US3133006A (en) * | 1962-05-28 | 1964-05-12 | Barnet D Ostrow | Acid nickel plating bath |
| US3718549A (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1973-02-27 | Kewanee Oil Co | Alkaline nickel plating solutions |
| US3876513A (en) * | 1972-06-26 | 1975-04-08 | Oxy Metal Finishing Corp | Electrodeposition of bright cobalt plate |
| US3878067A (en) * | 1972-07-03 | 1975-04-15 | Oxy Metal Finishing Corp | Electrolyte and method for electrodepositing of bright nickel-iron alloy deposits |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB894190A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1962-04-18 |
| NL112568C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1966-03-15 |
| DE1133208B (de) | 1962-07-12 |
| FR1215981A (fr) | 1960-04-21 |
| NL233540A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1965-10-15 |
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