US2942971A - Process of making cemented carbide products - Google Patents

Process of making cemented carbide products Download PDF

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Publication number
US2942971A
US2942971A US485876A US48587655A US2942971A US 2942971 A US2942971 A US 2942971A US 485876 A US485876 A US 485876A US 48587655 A US48587655 A US 48587655A US 2942971 A US2942971 A US 2942971A
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United States
Prior art keywords
volume
carbide
tungsten carbide
content
ingredients
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US485876A
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English (en)
Inventor
William W Wellborn
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Firth Sterling Inc
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Firth Sterling Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE544925D priority Critical patent/BE544925A/xx
Application filed by Firth Sterling Inc filed Critical Firth Sterling Inc
Priority to US485876A priority patent/US2942971A/en
Priority to GB2143/56A priority patent/GB807769A/en
Priority to FR1145454D priority patent/FR1145454A/fr
Priority to DEF19442A priority patent/DE1174998B/de
Priority to CH345159D priority patent/CH345159A/fr
Priority to US822354A priority patent/US2942335A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2942971A publication Critical patent/US2942971A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12007—Component of composite having metal continuous phase interengaged with nonmetal continuous phase

Definitions

  • Figure 1 is a micrograph showing structure under 1500 magnification of a composition, alloy or product made from an unsaturated solid solution of TiC and WC and 'sintered as a mixed crystal with cobalt and tungsten carbide;
  • Figure 2 is a micrograph showing structure under 1500 magnification of an exemplary composition, alloy or product of my invention and produced in accordance with my invention and thus, essentially employing a saturated and as an optimum, a super-saturated solid solution of titanium and tungsten carbides as a mixed crystal and as comminuted, admixed and sintered with tungstencarbide and cobalt; p
  • Figure 3 is a micrograph showing structure under 1500 "magnification'ot another exemplary composition, alloy or product of my invention and produced in accordance with my invention; it will be noted that Figure 2 relates to alloy A of Figure 4 and that Figure 3 relates to alloy B of the same figure;
  • Figure 4 is a triangular co-ordinate plot or graph by total volume percentages of tungsten and titanium carbides with cobalt that are employed in accordance with an are-a (shown with cross lines) within which a cutting index of greater than a 300 (V-60) rating on a general purpose test is attained.
  • the shaded (cross hatched) area defined by dotted line portion 4 within overlapping portions'of curves 1 and 4 represents an area of volume content of my invention, wherein the three properties represented by curves or lines 1, 3 and 4 are obtained, as a minimum, and in combination' Points A' and B indicate representative alloys of my invention which are hereinafter discussed in some detail.
  • the area defined by the solid lines of the parallelogram 5 lies fully within the area of 4' and thus, is aneasily defined area within which the proper ties of my invention are attained.
  • the parallelogram 5 represents an area containing about 56.5% to 62.0% WC, about 26.5% to 36.0% TiC and about 7.5% to 11.5% C0 by volume.
  • compositions employing both titanium and tungsten carbides and of such a type that the boundaries are strengthened and depend essentially on the use of cobalt.
  • the composition or product is such that the overall content'of tungsten carbide is 3 always greater on a volume basis than that of the titanium carbide, the titanium carbide is only employed as a fully tungsten-carbide-saturated mixed crystal with the binder metal, and additional tungsten carbide is employed with the mixed crystal and the binder metal.
  • the titanium carbide is unable to have any adverse efiect on the clinging action of the binding metal and, in fact, I have determined that cobalt is the best suited binder metal for my composition.
  • the solid solution or crystal has, substantiallyv the same strength or resistance to break as the grain boundaries.
  • grain growth or granulation of the crystal structure is limited during the processing of the composition and is prevented once the composition has been produced and shaped in solid form for and used as a cutting element.
  • the heating time usually required in the second sintering operation is about 60 to 90 nnnutes and at a temperature of about 2725 F., as compared to about 30 to 45 minutes (half the time) and at a temperature of 2700 F. (25 lower) when a saturated crystal is used in accordance with my invention.
  • a relatively short sintering time and low sintering temperature is required to obtain a full densifying of the composition compact of 7 my invention.
  • the mixed powder is then compacted (shaped) and sintered. More particularly, by way of example:
  • My procedure is conducted in such a manner as t provide an area of composition wherein a superior grade of carbide product suitable for general purpose steel cutting and milling is obtained.
  • the compositions are better grades than those outside the area by reason of their contentalone, but as produced following the procedur'e-of my invention, in which anessentially saturated 'or' super saturated mixed crystal is employed, the results ,ar'e farsuperior, I have also determined that a proper "employment of a cobalt binder is important in obtaining the results of my invention.
  • tantalum carbide may, be substituted for-titanium carbide in the mixed crystal up to about by volume to also obtain a'compositiori or product having improved properties over the prior art.
  • Alloy B the same mixed crystal content 60.3% by volume with about"-3 l.4%by 'volumeof WC nating ambientfatmosphere for about 30 to'45 minutes,
  • the cutting index represents surface feet per minute for a tool life of sixty minutes before-regrind, based on a general'purpose-test, employing adepth of cut of 0.125
  • Warnock inthe February 1954 issue of the Tooling and Productionmagazine, discusses such a type of test.
  • Alloys produced in accordance with my invention have a hard dense structure andwhen employed as a cutting tool'or element, show an increase in operating life to microns.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are micrographs of two alloys having the same ultimate content or composition, namely, about 58.4% WC, 33.3% TiC, and 8.3% of Co, allby volume.
  • the composition of Figure l isbased on the use of an unsaturated mixed crystal of 42.3% by volume as employed with tungsten carbide of 49.4% by volume and cobalt of 8.3% by volume in the second part of the procedure (the final sintering operation).
  • a fully saturated mixed crystal constitutes about 60.3% by volume, the tungsten carbide 31.4% by volume, and the cobalt 8.3% by volume.
  • the mixed crystal employed in the second part in producing the composition of Figure 1 is not saturated.
  • the titanium carbide to continue towards saturation and this tendency is strong enough to cause excessive grain growth which is further enhanced by the longer sintering time and higher temperature that is required.
  • the composition of Figure 2 is characterized by its volume balanced relationship-finer grain structure, increased hardness and surprisingly, by its increased strength and toughness, all in combination.
  • the micrograph shows a matrix ,of TiC-WC solid solution (essentially fully saturated) and uniformly dispersed finer than usual WC grains. In this connection, a slight excess of WC is employed to assure full saturation of the mixed crystal, as produced in accordance with the first part of my procedure.
  • the product of my invention represents a new concept in carbide metallurgy, since it gives increased hardness with increased strength to thus provide greater Wear resistance combined with increased shock resistance, as in milling applications; When used asa cutting tool, it provides an increased amount of metal removed" in mass production operations to materially reduce unit costs through its uniform performance. In tests against ten competitive grades, it has proved superior in all cases, showing from 20 to 25% less Wear at 5 cuts and 23% less wear at 20 cuts. Six of the tend grades were worn beyond repair before the test was completed.
  • Such tests were conducted under severe breakdown conditions on a inch milling machine, using a 6 inch R.H. cutter with one tooth of 1 inch square having a ,5 of an inch corner radius.
  • the material used for the work piece was a S.A.E. 1020, normalized, forged steel bar that was climbmilledat 1375 s.f.p'.m. with 4% titanium carbide solid solution.
  • a sintered or hard metal cemented carbide composition that has a precipitation-interrupted micro-structure consisting of fine-grain precipitated tungsten carbide grains or particles, some retained coarser medium-grain tungsten carbide grains or particles and all, as uniformly and widely dispersed in a matrix of a saturated tungsten carbide-
  • the composition is bound together between its grainsor crystals with a 'thin layer of an evenly distributed cobalt binder; it has a volume-balanced composition and essentially, of the ingredients making up its crystal structure.
  • 'My invention is made possible by the production of a volume-balanced composition whose total content falls within the area enclosed by the line 4 of Figure 4 of the drawings. Itutilizes a saturated or supersaturated mixed crystal in which the titanium'carbide is in an amount of not over 57% by volume of such crystal; it has a new and improved combination of strength, hardness and cutting index properties; and, it has a new and improved microstructure and strength relationship between its carbide crystals and its cobalt binder.
  • a process, of making a cemented carbide alloy hard metal product characterized by its superior combination of transverse rupture strength, hardness and cutting index and by its improved microstructure which comprises, mixing, and compacting about 45% tungsten carbide by volume and about 55% titanium carbide by volume -2% of each ingredient, sintering the compaced ingredients at an elevated temperature and for a period sufficient to supersaturate the titanium carbide by the 'tungsten'carbide and while maintaining the defined proportioning of carbides until the titanium carbide is supersaturated by the tungsten carbide, and cooling to form a solid solution crystal and in order to maintain the titanium carbide supersaturated; finely comminuting the supersaturated solid solution crystal and also tungsten carbide and cobalt auxiliary ingredients, admixing them in a volume proportioned relationship in which the supersaturated solid solution crystal content is employed in volume predominance over the individual content of the auxiliary ingredients, the total tungsten carbide content of the admixture is employed in volume predomin
  • tantalum carbide ' is substituted for titanium carbide in the mixed crystal up to 50% by volume of the titanium carbide, and the total volume content of the tantalum and titanium carbides is maintained within the range of about 25.5 to
  • a process in making a cemented carbide alloy hard metal product characterized by its superior combination of transverse rupture strength, hardness and cutting index and by its improved microstructure which comprises, powdering, mixing and compacting about 45 tungsten carbide by volume and about 55% titanium carbide by volume :2% of each ingredient, sintering the compacted ingredients in a non-contaminating atmosphere at a solution temperature of a minimum of about 3800" F.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
US485876A 1955-02-03 1955-02-03 Process of making cemented carbide products Expired - Lifetime US2942971A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE544925D BE544925A (de) 1955-02-03
US485876A US2942971A (en) 1955-02-03 1955-02-03 Process of making cemented carbide products
GB2143/56A GB807769A (en) 1955-02-03 1956-01-23 Carbide composition and procedure for making
FR1145454D FR1145454A (fr) 1955-02-03 1956-01-30 Composition de carbures et son procédé de fabrication
DEF19442A DE1174998B (de) 1955-02-03 1956-02-03 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hartmetallegierung aus Wolframkarbid, Titankarbid und Kobalt
CH345159D CH345159A (fr) 1955-02-03 1956-02-03 Procédé de fabrication de corps frittés
US822354A US2942335A (en) 1955-02-03 1959-06-23 Carbide metal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US485876A US2942971A (en) 1955-02-03 1955-02-03 Process of making cemented carbide products

Publications (1)

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US2942971A true US2942971A (en) 1960-06-28

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US485876A Expired - Lifetime US2942971A (en) 1955-02-03 1955-02-03 Process of making cemented carbide products

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US2942971A (de)
BE (1) BE544925A (de)
CH (1) CH345159A (de)
DE (1) DE1174998B (de)
FR (1) FR1145454A (de)
GB (1) GB807769A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4778521A (en) * 1986-02-20 1988-10-18 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Tough cermet and process for producing the same
WO1996022399A1 (en) * 1995-01-20 1996-07-25 The Dow Chemical Company Cemented ceramic tool made from ultrafine solid solution powders, method of making same, and the material thereof
US20080292737A1 (en) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-27 Kennametal Inc. Cemented Carbide with Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity
EP2047005B1 (de) * 2006-06-21 2013-08-14 SNU R&DB Foundation Keramik und cermet mit der zweiten phase zur verbesserung der zähigkeit mittels phasentrennung aus kompletter feststofflösungsphase und herstellungsverfahren dafür

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994000613A1 (en) * 1992-06-22 1994-01-06 Pratco Industries Limited Hard facing
CN119506639B (zh) * 2025-01-21 2025-04-29 赣州海盛硬质合金有限公司 一种高耐磨硬质合金复合材料及其制备方法

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB361363A (en) * 1929-05-16 1931-11-16 Paul Schwarzkopf An improved tool alloy
GB391984A (en) * 1931-07-18 1933-05-11 Tool Metal Mfg Company Ltd Improvements in hard alloys
US2015536A (en) * 1931-07-18 1935-09-24 Gen Electric Sintered hard metal alloy
US2133867A (en) * 1937-04-17 1938-10-18 Gen Electric Cemented carbide composition
GB499789A (en) * 1937-07-29 1939-01-30 Clemens Albert Laise Improvements in or relating to carburized alloy compositions
US2253969A (en) * 1939-07-31 1941-08-26 Gen Electric Hard metal alloy for structures operating under pressure and/or sliding motion
US2265010A (en) * 1929-05-16 1941-12-02 American Cutting Alloys Inc Hard metal tool alloy and method of producing the same
US2607676A (en) * 1949-06-01 1952-08-19 Kurtz Jacob Hard metal compositions
US2686117A (en) * 1952-07-15 1954-08-10 Wulff John Method for preparing refractory metal carbide
US2714556A (en) * 1950-11-25 1955-08-02 Sintercast Corp America Powder metallurgical method of shaping articles from high melting metals
US2731710A (en) * 1954-05-13 1956-01-24 Gen Electric Sintered carbide compositions

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3167C (de) * 1900-01-01 F. SUCKER in Grünberg i. Schi Kombinirte Maschine zum Scheeren, Leimen, Trocknen und Aufbäumen der Webkette
DE720502C (de) * 1929-05-17 1942-05-07 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Hartmetallegierung, insbesondere fuer Werkzeuger, und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
CH162519A (de) * 1932-11-24 1933-06-30 Wolfram & Molybdaen A G Hartmetallegierung, insbesondere für Werkzeuge.

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB361363A (en) * 1929-05-16 1931-11-16 Paul Schwarzkopf An improved tool alloy
US2265010A (en) * 1929-05-16 1941-12-02 American Cutting Alloys Inc Hard metal tool alloy and method of producing the same
GB391984A (en) * 1931-07-18 1933-05-11 Tool Metal Mfg Company Ltd Improvements in hard alloys
US2015536A (en) * 1931-07-18 1935-09-24 Gen Electric Sintered hard metal alloy
US2133867A (en) * 1937-04-17 1938-10-18 Gen Electric Cemented carbide composition
GB499789A (en) * 1937-07-29 1939-01-30 Clemens Albert Laise Improvements in or relating to carburized alloy compositions
US2253969A (en) * 1939-07-31 1941-08-26 Gen Electric Hard metal alloy for structures operating under pressure and/or sliding motion
US2607676A (en) * 1949-06-01 1952-08-19 Kurtz Jacob Hard metal compositions
US2714556A (en) * 1950-11-25 1955-08-02 Sintercast Corp America Powder metallurgical method of shaping articles from high melting metals
US2686117A (en) * 1952-07-15 1954-08-10 Wulff John Method for preparing refractory metal carbide
US2731710A (en) * 1954-05-13 1956-01-24 Gen Electric Sintered carbide compositions

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4778521A (en) * 1986-02-20 1988-10-18 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Tough cermet and process for producing the same
WO1996022399A1 (en) * 1995-01-20 1996-07-25 The Dow Chemical Company Cemented ceramic tool made from ultrafine solid solution powders, method of making same, and the material thereof
EP2047005B1 (de) * 2006-06-21 2013-08-14 SNU R&DB Foundation Keramik und cermet mit der zweiten phase zur verbesserung der zähigkeit mittels phasentrennung aus kompletter feststofflösungsphase und herstellungsverfahren dafür
US20080292737A1 (en) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-27 Kennametal Inc. Cemented Carbide with Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity
US8202344B2 (en) * 2007-05-21 2012-06-19 Kennametal Inc. Cemented carbide with ultra-low thermal conductivity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH345159A (fr) 1960-03-15
BE544925A (de)
GB807769A (en) 1959-01-21
FR1145454A (fr) 1957-10-25
DE1174998B (de) 1964-07-30

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