US2901348A - Radiation sensitive photoconductive member - Google Patents

Radiation sensitive photoconductive member Download PDF

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US2901348A
US2901348A US342856A US34285653A US2901348A US 2901348 A US2901348 A US 2901348A US 342856 A US342856 A US 342856A US 34285653 A US34285653 A US 34285653A US 2901348 A US2901348 A US 2901348A
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layer
charge
photoconductive
plate
separately formed
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US342856A
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John H Dessauer
Harold E Clark
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Priority to US342856A priority Critical patent/US2901348A/en
Priority to GB6716/54A priority patent/GB789802A/en
Priority to FR1099631D priority patent/FR1099631A/fr
Priority to DEH19690A priority patent/DE1032669B/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/147—Cover layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
    • G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/147—Cover layers
    • G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to new members sensitive to activating radiation and in particular to photosensitive members of a type which are adapted to electric recording of images.
  • a member sensitive to activating radiation such as light or photon-type radiation and generally comprising a photoconductive insuiating layer disposed on a conductive backing member.
  • an electrostatic latent image is placed on this member by the selective conduction or dissipation of an electrostatic charge by the action of activating radiation such as a light or optical image either of the visible or invisible spectra on the photoconductive layer.
  • activating radiation such as a light or optical image either of the visible or invisible spectra on the photoconductive layer.
  • this is accomplished by placing a uniform electrostatic charge on the layer and exposing the charged layer to an optical image, whereby the layer becomes selectively conductive in the activated area.
  • the general problems involved in radiation-sensitive members start with the requirement that the members support an electrostatic charge for a finite time, preferably a long time, and that they support this charge with a relatively small degree of charge dissipation in the absence of activating illumination.
  • the next requirement of the photosensitive member is that such member must become comparatively highly conductive on exposure to illumination so that the electrostatic charge is rapidly dissipated upon such exposure.
  • a further, closely related and yet distinctly diiferent requirement isthat the charge dissipation be largely complete upon full exposure so that the charge on a depleted area will be of relatively low and preferably substantially zero potential.
  • a next requirement is that the various significant properties be substantially retained from one cycle of operation to the next; that is, that the charge retention, photoconductivity and completeness of charge dissipation be functions of the photosensitive member and its exposure, rather than functions of unrelated conditions such as rapidity of process cycling or the number of cycles which have been accomplished. It has now been found in 'accordance' with the present invention that the new combination member described herein operates in a superior fashion to improve the performance of the member in these categories, thus constituting a substantially better photosensitive xerographic member,
  • It is a further object of the invention to provide an electrostatic photosensitive member comprising a conductive base support having thereover three distinct layers consisting of an insulating or barrier layer, a p-type photo- ICC conductive insulator, and an n-type semiconductor o1 insulator thereover.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the photosensitive layer according to one embodiment of this invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary diagrammatic view of the member according to Figure 1, bearing an electrostatic charge on its surface;
  • Figure 3 is a similar view wherein the member being discharged by activating illumination
  • the new xerographic member comprises a conductive backing member 11, supporting on one surface thereof a barrier or junction layer 12 and, thereover, a p-type photoconductive in sulating layer 13. On the upper or outer surface of this photoconductive layer is an insulating outer junction layer 14.
  • the conductive base member 11 generally comprises a conductive layer characterized by the ability to conduct electricity for the charging or sensitization of the composite member and to accommodate the release of electric charge upon exposure of the member, thus a member having a specific resistivity less than about 10 ohm-cm, usually less than about 10 ohm-cm.
  • this base member 11 is also of suflicient structural strength to provide mechanical support or strength to the photosensitive member, thus making it mechanically suited to operation in conjunction with xerographic machines and apparatus.
  • this base member 11 may comprise a metallic plate, Web, foil, or the like.
  • the backing member is one having electrons or electrical carriers available in conduction energy bands.
  • the backing member as desired may be relatively rigid as in the case of a metallic plate, cylinder, or the like or may be relatively flexible as with a metallic foil, .21 plastic web, or similar member.
  • the electrical conductivity of this support member must be relatively high as compared with the electrical conductivity of the layers coated thereon. This, of course, does not imply a high conductivity as contemplated by electrical equipment in general since the conductivity of the other members and layers is extremely low.
  • the backing member should have a specific resistivity lower than about 10 ohms centimeter, preferably lower than about 10 ohms centimeter.
  • the one essential characteristic of this member is that it must be sufficiently conductive to permit the flow of electricity through the member during certain of the steps of xerography. It is further necessary as a practical matter that the member have the necessary structural strength to act as a support member as well as a conductive backing. 0
  • the photoconductive layer 13 which corresponds to the photoconductive insulating layer disclosed by Carlson in the earliest patents on xerography.
  • This layer has certainly necessary and desirable properties, chief of which are, of course, that it must act as insulator in the absence of light or activating radiation and must be significantly conductive in its presence.
  • this photoconductive insulating layer 13 generally is a p-type conductor rather than an n-type conductor, and, of course, in the absence of illumination or activating radiation it should desirably be almost the perfect insulator.
  • this layer 13 will have a specific resistivity greater than 10 ohm-cm.
  • the layer in the absence of illumination, generally in the order of at least about 10 ohm-cm., dropping at least several orders of magnitude in the presence of activating illumination.
  • the layer generally will support an electric potential of at least about 100 volts in the absence of radiation, and generally will be in the order of about 10 to about 200 microns thick, preferably between about 20 and about 80 microns thick.
  • this member Disposed between the backing member 11 and this ptype photoconductor '13 isan intermediate barrier or junction layer 12 which serves several functions.
  • selenium layers and other photoconductors under applied fields in the order of greater than 10 volts per cm. and generally in the order of 10 and 10 volts per cm. are significant carriers of electricity in that they permit migration of holes substantially through the thin layer.
  • the functions of this member in terms of results achieved are, first, to reduce potential leakage in the absence of activating radiation, which leakage is known in the art as dark decay while supporting charge dissipation in the presence of such radiation, and, second, to reduce, inhibit, and frequently eliminate variation in performance upon repetitive cycling which variation is known in the art as fatigue.
  • the theoretical mechanisms by which these results are achieved are not understood with certainty, but it is believed that they conform with the following theory of operation.
  • this. layer might be stated as the interposition of a dielectric film which, assuming it to have virtually infinite resistivity, prevents the passage of electrons from the backing member to the. photoconductive layer and hence prevents the loss of charge in such layer which loss would take place by n-type conduction through the photoconductive layer which seldom, if ever, is actually completely lacking in such a p-type conductor.
  • This barrier or junction layer generally is only a small fraction of the thickness of the layer 13 and thus the potential across the thickness of the junction layer is always a relatively small one.
  • the potential through this junction layer will be in the order of of the potential through the entire photoconductive layer combination.
  • the potential across this junction layer will be in the order of 5 volts, assuming approximately equal dielectric constants.
  • a charge concentration of this sort across an extremely thin space such as layer 12 is extremely sensitive to variations in thickness and acts according to a pattern of behavior known as the tunnel effect.
  • an individual electron may be regarded as being drawn across layer 12 by the attraction of one or more closely positioned positive'charges, and when it is drawn therethrough it need not be combined with or directly neutralize such positive charge but instead may be carried into the body of layer 13, thus forming a negative carrier within such layer.
  • this negative carrier is not accompanied by equivalent discharge or neutralization of the positive charge concentration along the lower surface of layer 13, with the result that this is a continuing process involving passage of electrons from the backing member 11 into layer 13 with, ultimately, a substantial neutralization of the positive polarity charge on the xerographic member as a whole.
  • this layer It is fundamentally essential that this layer exist over the entire active area; that is, that it be substantially free from significant bare or open areas. Beyond this, it is important that the area be thick enough to prevent substantial dark decay and fatigue.
  • an oxide layer such as a layer of alumintun oxide formed on an aluminum surface should be in the range of about 25 to 200 Angstrom units thick.
  • an insulating resin layer such as, for example, a polystyrene layer in the order of 0.1 to 2 microns, preferably between about /3 and one micron has been found desirable.
  • layer 13 may be of either p-type or n-type conductivities, the case of a selenium layer will be examined and analyzed in greater detail for purposes of illustration.
  • the body of layer 13 is a p-type photoconductive insulator and that, as such, it contains sub-molecular or sub-atomic structures in which electrical carriers can be created in the form of positive holes or in the form of electron-hole pairs capable of release or activation by appropriate stimuli. The exact nature of such carriers cannot be expressed since it is believed that they arise from various sources.
  • impurity substituents in a molecular or solid state structure may include electron combination either less than or in excess of the normal electron complement of the structure in which they exist, in which case thermal or photon energy may excite an electron or a hole to a conduction energy band.
  • thermal or photon energy may excite an electron or a hole to a conduction energy band.
  • electrons or holes thus excited can subsequently fall back into relatively loosely bound or temporary energy levels known as traps from which they may later be released.
  • the new photosensitive member there is an upper or outer barrier or junction layer 14 disposed on the upper surface of photoconductive layer 13.
  • this new layer 14 of semiconductor or insulator servm functions as compared with layer 12. which are comparable in theoretrical derivation although entirely different in practical effect.
  • the function of layer 12 is in effect to prevent penetration to the photoconductive layer 13 from the conductive backing member.
  • the function of upper layer 14 is to accept a charge of electrons or holes while preventing penetration of such charges into and through layer 13 prior to photon activation.
  • a positive polarity of electrostatic charge deposited on the surface of layer 14- induces a charge migration as illustrated therein with a concentration of positive charges at the upper boundary of layer 14 and a concentration of positive charges at the lower boundary thereof adjacent to photoconductor 13.
  • This is an induced concentration or migration of electrons and holes and is not an injection of such electrons or holes into the photoconductor.
  • the result of this is that there is an available concentration of positive charges adjacent to the upper boundary of layer 13, but there is not an injection of such charges into the photoconductor in such a manner as to promote substantial p-type conductivity in the absence of illumination.
  • the combination of layers 12 and 14 protects photoconductor 13 from injection of conductivity causing charges, both from above and from below, and results in a photosensitive member characterized by the ability to support a charge of high field strength with a minimum of charge dissipation in the absence of illumination.
  • illumination or radiation of the photoconductor 13 activates this layer causing it to be conductive and thereby causing migration of appropriate charges through the boundary layers 12 and 14 with resulting dissipation of a deposited positive polarity electrostatic charge.
  • this layer will be thinner than one micron usually in the order of about 50 to 500 millimicrons or the thickness remaining upon polishing a soft film on a surface such as the photoconductive layer.
  • this layer which is best considered as an insulator for the polarity to which the member is charged, may act to supply traps for electrons or holes, from which traps the carriers can be appropriately released into the photoconductor body upon illumination with activating radiation.
  • the test procedure comprised charging the plate, allowing it to stand for two minutes to permit change decay to take place.
  • a polystyrene layer improved the test reading by 50 volts for positive charging and 15 volts for negative charging;
  • Tarosimmodified phenol formaldehyde resin improved thereading by 70 and 20 volts, respectively; whereas other film s improved the test reading for positive changing and adversely affected it for negative charging as follows: a melamine-formaldehyde resin +40 volts, 10 volts; nigrosine +60 volts, -l20 volts.
  • Example 1 A mirror-finished chromium plate was prepared for a coating operation by thorough cleaning, first with water containing a small quantity of detergent, followed by a solvent wash in isopropanol, followed again by a vapor degreasing in isopropanol vapors.
  • the polystyrene hearing plate was placed in a vacuum evaporator at a pressure of about /2 micron of mercury and selenium evaporated thereon while the plate was maintained at a temper ature of 75 C.
  • the evaporation rate was adjusted so that a 20 micron layer of selenium was deposited in about 10 minutes. After completion of the evaporation, the plate was cooledto room temperaturefi, air was admitted to the chamber, and the plate then removed.
  • the resulting product was the xerographic plate of the present invention comprising the metallic backing plate, the polystyrene coating directly thereover, the selenium photoconductive body positioned directly on the polystyrene coating, and the overlayer believed to be a thin layer of rosin-modified phenol-formaldehyde resin. 7
  • the plate was subjected to the following tests: The plate was charged by corona discharge means to impose on the surface a potential charge in the order of 500 volts positive polarity.
  • the charged or sensitized plate was exposed to a test optical image consisting of typed subject matter and the exposed plate was developed by conventional methods.
  • the resulting image was transferred to a paper web to yield a high quality xerographic print.
  • the difference in potential after the 60 seconds interlude of standing in the dark compared with the original potential expressed in percentage figures was recorded as the dark decay of the plate.
  • the dark decay of the plate thus tested was less than 7.0% and the fatigue index was higher than 0.98, these being excellent dark decay and fatigue readings in comparison with test plates not bearing layers 12 and 14. 1
  • Example 2 -For test comparative purposes the procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the following differences and alterations; in plate 2A the polystyrene layer was omitted. In plate 2B the coated plate was not treated with the rosin-modified phenol-formaldehyde resin composition. With respect to plate 2B the original potential wassubstantially lower, in the order of about 300 volts, and the potential after 60 seconds was less than 50 volts without regard to whether the plate had been preliminarily fatigued. 'It is considered that plate 2B is unable to accept a significant positive polarity electrostatic charge and maintain such charge for a significant period of time.
  • plate 2A In the case of plate 2A the initial potential was somewhat lower than in the plate according to Example 1 and was in the order of about 450 volts. The potential after 60 seconds was about volts and the potential in the fatigued area after 60 seconds was about 25 volts. It is considered that plate 2A is characterized by a high dark decay and by excessive fatigue.
  • Example 3 A mirror-finished aluminum plate was immersed in a hot aqueous solution of orthophosphoric acid and nitric acid until the plate was free of any detectable aluminum oxide film. The clean plate was thoroughly washed with distilled water and was then bakedfor 1 hour at 250 F. It is understood and believed that as a result of the cleaning and subsequent baking treatment a highly uniform thin layer of amorphous aluminum oxide is formed on the aluminum plate as a layer in the order of'about 100 Angstroms thick.
  • the thus prepared plate was coated with vitreous appearing selenium by Vacuum evaporation under a pressure of 0.5 micron of mercury while maintaining the plate at a temperature of 75 C.
  • a layer 20 microns thick of vitreous selenium was deposited in 10 minutes, after the plate was cooled and removed from the vacuum chamber.
  • the surface of the plate was then polished with montan wax and the excess was removed by vigorous polishing with a clean cloth, leaving a thin wax film on the surface.
  • the resulting plate was a highly satisfactory and superior xerographic plate and was characterized by a 'dark decay of less than 10% and a fatigue index of greater than 0.98.
  • Example 4.-A smooth surfaced brass plate was pre pared for coating by thorough cleaning employing mechanical washing with water containing a small amount of a detergent followed by rinsing with clear water. The clean plate was then polished with a parafiin wax. After application of the polish the surface was thoroughly rubbed with a clean dry cloth, leaving the surface highly polished and apparently with an extremely thin layer of a Wax or the like believed to be a hydrocarbon 'wax composition.
  • the brass plate was coated with a selenium layer SO microns thick by vacuum evap oration under a pressure of 0.5 micron mercury while maintaining the temperature at about 83 C; The vacuumevaporation was controlled to give a layer of vitreous appearing selenium 50 microns thick in a periodof'time of 10 minutes. After completion of the evaporation, the plate was removed from the vacuum chamber and immediately polished with a silicone wax base polish comprising a silicone wax in an organic solvent. The resultmg xerographic plate was of excellent quality for continuous tone or line images and by the described tests had a dark decay less than and a fatigue factor of at least 0.98. When comparably treated members were made including the additional step of removing the wax coating by vapor degreasing, high dark decay and poor fatigue factors were recorded.
  • Example 5 -A stainless steel plate was thoroughly cleaned by washing with soap and water followed by washing with water containing a small quantity of a commercial detergent after which it was thoroughly rinsed with water. Thereafter, a thin film approximately 500 millimicrons thick was cast on the surface from a solution of polymethyl methacrylate in ethylenedichloride solution. This film was thoroughly air dried, whereupon it was coated with a layer of 40 microns of vitreous appearing selenium according to the method of the previous example. A solution of paraffin in iso-octane was spread on the surface and polished off, finishing with a clean, dry cloth which is believed to have left on the surface an extremely thin layer of paraifin and which provided the plate with a smooth, even, shiny finish. The plate, according to the previously described tests, was a highly superior xerographic plate.
  • the first layer or layer 12 as shown in Figure 2 must be a thin layer and must critically be extremely smooth and regular throughout its entire area.
  • this layer be a good dielectric and extremely good insulator so that it is capable of strictly limiting the migration or passage of electrons therethrough.
  • the layer should be relatively thin since it is desired that this layer shall not contribute substantially to the residual charge potential remaining on the plate after charging and complete exposure to light. In this connection it is observed, however, that the layer has a somewhat anomalous behavior when it is directly coated with a photoconductive layer 13.
  • the residual potential of the composite plate was substantially zero in spite of the fact that the metallic base, having the polystyrene coating thereon without the photoconductive coating placed thereover, was capable of accepting and retaining a positive charge potential greater than 50 volts either with or without exposure to illumination.
  • This same base when coated with the photoconductive layer, had a residual potential greatly reduced below that which could be supported by the polystyrene layer acting by itself and in the absence of. the photoconductive layer.
  • insulating resins of various types may be employed including polystyrene, butadiene polymers, and copolymers prepared from butadiene, acrylic and methacrylic polymers and co polymers prepared from acrylic and methacrylic bases as well as ureaformaldehyde and melamineformaldehyde resins and modified resins, vinyl resins, alkyd resins, and cellulose base resin and plastic compositions, hydrocarbon and like waxes, oils, etc., and other organic compounds characterized by good insulating properties.
  • inorganic layers such as, for example, oxides, sulfides, and the like, which may be coated ,on a suitable base, and in a particularly desirable embodiment of the invention these may be oxides or sulfides of the metallic base directly coated on such a base.
  • oxides or sulfides of the metallic base directly coated on such a base.
  • special types of xerographic plates may be employed in t is manner, such as, for example, by employing compounds of heavy metals and the like, such as lead resinates,
  • photosensitive members accordingto this invention have been prepared with pains being taken to exclude in one case and include in the other the insulating or dielectric layer designated 12 and to exclude in one case and include in the other the top or junction layer designated 14.
  • the behavior of such plates with and without activating illumination and under positive and negative surface charging of the photosensitive member is in accord with the theory set forth herein and has established factually that these two layers contribute significantly to improved performance of photosensitive layers for xerography.
  • the presently preferred photoconductor layer is seleniumin its vitreous appearing form, which is believed and understood to consist of amorphous selenium probably with subcrystalline nucleation points or the like.
  • a layer may be prepared by various methods including vacuum evaporation, casting and whirling to achieve a smooth surface, spraying and polishing, pressing and the like, and including coating with a pigmented lacquered base wherein the pigment is amorphous or vitreous selenium.
  • photoconductors including such photoconductors as sulfur, anthnacene, mixtures of selenium and sulfur, and the like, and also including other photoactive materials characterized by the activation of electrons with a light. Included in this class are the generally known phosphor and phosphor-like materials such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, chemically activated photoconductors, and other organic and inorganic compounds including mixtures and various combinations thereof.
  • the upper layer or layer 14 of the new composite xerographic plate appears desirably to be an extremely thin layer and as understood at present should be an insulating material or one acting as an insulator under the polarity to which the new member is charged.
  • Various waxes, hydrocarbons, and resins can be employed for this layer and have been employed in the form of layers of indetectable thickness except when measured by electrical characteristics imparted to the xerographic plate.
  • Suitable materials are hydrocarbon and animal and vegetable waxes, insulating resins such as polystyrene, urea-, phenol-, and melamine-formaldehyde resins, vinyl resins and the like.
  • variations may include physical variations in shape of the xerographic photosensitive member as well as variations in the selection of the ingredients employed in the preparation of such new members.
  • Specific types or forms of photosensitive members may be developed for specific uses and purposes, and itisto be understoodtha ⁇ 7 said barrierflayer, and a separately formed layer about 0.05 to about 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material less than about 2 micron's'thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation' in the absence of activating the photoconductive insulating layer and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating the photoconductive insulating layer, and the outer layer being an electrically insulating layer incapable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a Xerographic photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a non-particulate layer of vitreous photoconductive insulating selenium about -200 microns thick perma- 'riently afiixed on said barrier layer and a thin separately formed layer about 0.05 to about 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said layer of vitreous photoconductive insulating selenium, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material less than about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating the photoconductive insulating selenium and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation, and the outer layer being an electrically insulating layer incapable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a xerographic photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a non-particulate layer of vitreous photoconductive insulating selenium between about 10 to about 200 mi- 'crons thick' permanently affixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed electrically insulating uniform layer about 0.05 to about 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said layer of vitreous selenium, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material between about0.l and about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating said layer of vitreous selenium and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating said layer of vitreous selenium, and the outer layer being a body of electrically insulating material incapable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive cylindrical base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying the outer surface of said base layer, a non-particulate layer of vitreous photoconductive insulating selenium between about 10 and 200 microns thick permanently affixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed uniform layer about 0.05 to about 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said layer of vitreous selenium, the barrier layer being a body of electrically'insulating material less than about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating said layer of vitreous selenium and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating said layer of vitreous-selenium, and the outer layer being an electrically insulating layer incapable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying a'surface of said base layer, a nonparticulate layer of photoconductive insulating material between about 10 and 200 microns thick permanently afiixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed outer layer about 0.05 to about 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a layer of electrically insulating resin between about 0.1 and about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating said photoconductive insulating layer and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating said photoconductive insulating layer, and the outer layer being an electrically insulating layer incapable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying a surface of the base layer, a nonparticulate photoconductive insulating layer permanently aiiixed on said barrier layer, and a separately formed layer about 0.05 to about 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating the photoconductive insulating layer and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating the photoconductive insulating layer, and the outer layer being an electrically insulating layer incapable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive cylindrical base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying the outer cylindrical surface of said base layer, a non-particulate photoconductive insulating layer between about 10 and 200 microns thick permanently afiixed on said barrier layer, and a separately formed layer about 0.05 to about 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material less than about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating the photoconductive insulating layer and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating the photoconductive insulating layer, and the outer layer being an electrically insulating layer incapable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a nonparticulate layer between about 10 and 200 microns thick of a photoconductive insulating material having a long range for positive charge carriers said layer of photoconductive insulating material being permanently afiixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed thin semiconductor layer disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating body, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material less than about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation, and the outer layer being a body of n-type semi-conductive material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base, a non-particulate layer of photoconductive insulating material between about 10 and 200 microns thick having a long range for electrons permanently afiixed on said barrier layer, and a thin separately formed p-type semiconductor layer dis posed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material less than about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation and the outer layer being a body of semi-conductive material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a nonparticulate layer of photoconductive insulating material having a long range for positive charge carriers and being permanently atfixed on said barrier layer, and a thin separately formed n-type semiconductor layer disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation, and the outer layer being a body of n-type semiconductive material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photoconductive insulating member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a non-particulate layer of photoconductive insulating material having a longrauge for electrons and being permanently aflixed on said barrier layer and a thin separately formed p-type semiconductor layer disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation, and the outer layer being a body of p-typesemiconductive material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer overlying a surface of said base layer, a non particulate layer between about and 200 microns thick of a photoconductive insulating material having a long range for positive charge carriers, said layer being permanently affixed on said barrier layer, and a separately formed outer layer betweenabout 0.05 and 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material less than about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of ac tivating radiation, and the outer layer being a layer of ntype semiconductive material capable of supplying change carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive base layer, a separately formed barrier layer overlying a surface of said base layer, a non-particulate layer between about 10 and 200 microns thick of a photoconductive insulating material having a long range for electrons said layer being permanently afiixed on said barrier layer, and a separately formed outer layer between about 0.05 and 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material less than about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation, and the outer layer being a layer of p-type semiconductive material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • a photosensitive member adapted for electrophotography wherein the member is charged to positive polarity and an electrostatic image is formed thereon by selective charge dissipation by exposure to a pattern of light and shadow comprising an electrically conductive base layer, an electrically insulating separately formed resin barrier layer between about 0.1 and 2 microns thick directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a nonparticulate layer of photoconductive insulating material having a long range for positive charge carriers, said layer of photoconductive insulating material being permanently affixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed outer layer of an n-type semiconductor material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light, said outer layer being between about 0.05 and about 1 micron thick and disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation.
  • a photosensitive member adapted for electrophotography wherein the member is charged to positive polarity and an electrostatic image is formed thereon by selective charge dissipation by exposure to a pattern of light and shadow comprising an electrically conductive base layer, an electrically insulating separately formed resin barrier layer between about 0.1 and 2 microns thick directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a nonparticulate layer of vitreous photoconductive insulating selenium between about 10 and about 200 microns thick permanently afiixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed outer layer of an n-type semi-conductor material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light, said outer layer being between about 0.05 and about 1 micron thick and disposed on the outer surface of said layer of vitreous selenium, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation.
  • a photosensitive member adapted for xerography wherein the member is charged to positive polarity comprising an electrically conductive cylindrical base layer, a separately formed barrier layer directly overlying the outer curved surface of said cylindrical base layer, a nonparticulate layer of vitreous selenium about 10 to 200 microns thick permanently afiixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed outer layer about 0.05 to about 1 micron thick disposed on the outer surface of said selenium layer, the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material less than about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation, and the outer layer being a body of n-type semiconductive material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light.
  • the layer of photoconductive insulating material being permanently aifixed on said barrier layer, and a separately formed outer layer of an n-type semi-conductor material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light, said outer layer being between about 0.05 and about 1 micron thick and disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating body, the barrier layer being a layer between about 25 and about 200 Angstrom units thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation.
  • a photosensitive member adapted for electro- '15 photography wherein themember is charged to negative polarity and an electrostatic image is formed thereon by Selective charge dissipation by exposure to a pattern of light and shadow comprising an electrically conductive base layer, an electrically insulating separately formed resin barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a non-particulate layer of photoconductive insulating material having a long range for electrons, said layers being permanently aflixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed outer layer of a p-type semi-conductor material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light, said outer layer being between about 0.05 and about 1 micron thick and disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer, the barrier layer being a body of electricallyinsulating material between about 0.1 and about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation.
  • a photosensitive member adapted for electrophotography wherein the member is charged to negative polarity and an electrostatic image is formed thereon by selective charge dissipation by exposure to a pattern of light and shadow comprising an electrically conductive base layer, an electrically insulating separately formed resin barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a non-particulate layer of photoconductive insulating material having a long range for electrons, said layer of photoconductive insulating material being between about 10 and about 200 microns thick and being perma nently afiixed on said barrier layer.
  • outer layer of ap-type semi-conductor material capable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light
  • said outer layer being between about 0.05 and about 1 micron thick and disposed on the outer surface of said photoconductive insulating layer
  • the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material between about 0.1 and about 2 microns thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation.
  • a photosensitive member adapted for electrophotography wherein the member is charged to positive polarity and an electrostatic image is formed thereon by selective charge dissipation by exposure to a pattern of light and shadow comprising an aluminum conductive base layer, a separately formed aluminum oxide barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a nonparticulate layer of photo-conductive insulating material permanently affixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed outer layer of an electrically insulating material incapable of supplying charge carriers by absorption of visible light, said outer layer being between about 0.05
  • the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating materialabetween about 25 and about 200 Angstrom units thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating said photoconductive insulating layer and adapted to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating'said photoconductive insulating layer.
  • a photosensitive member adapted for electrophotography wherein the member is charged to positive polarity and an electrostatic image is formed thereon by selective charge dissipation by exposure to a pattern of light and shadow comprising an aluminum conductive base layer, a separately formed aluminum oxide barrier layer directly overlying a surface of said base layer, a non-particulatevitreous selenium photoconductive insulating layer between about 10 and about '200'microns thick permanently aflixed on said barrier layer and a separately formed n-type.
  • the barrier layer being a body of electrically insulating material between about 25 and about 200 Angstrom units thick adapted to substantially prevent charge dissipation in the absence of activating radiation and adapted' to permit substantially complete charge dissipation under the influence of activating radiation, and the outer layer'being a body of n-type semi-conductive material capable of supplying charge'carriers by absorption of visible light.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US342856A 1953-03-17 1953-03-17 Radiation sensitive photoconductive member Expired - Lifetime US2901348A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US342856A US2901348A (en) 1953-03-17 1953-03-17 Radiation sensitive photoconductive member
GB6716/54A GB789802A (en) 1953-03-17 1954-03-08 Radiation sensitive photoconductive member
FR1099631D FR1099631A (fr) 1953-03-17 1954-03-16 Matériel sensible aux rayons d'activation, notamment à la lumière pour l'électrophotographie
DEH19690A DE1032669B (de) 1953-03-17 1954-03-17 Lichtempfindliches Material zur Erzeugung eines latenten Ladungsbildes

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US342856A US2901348A (en) 1953-03-17 1953-03-17 Radiation sensitive photoconductive member

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US2901348A true US2901348A (en) 1959-08-25

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US (1) US2901348A (hu)
DE (1) DE1032669B (hu)
FR (1) FR1099631A (hu)
GB (1) GB789802A (hu)

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US3002835A (en) * 1958-07-30 1961-10-03 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Photoconductive recording element
US3041165A (en) * 1956-07-04 1962-06-26 Kalle Ag Electrophotographic material
US3041167A (en) * 1959-08-19 1962-06-26 Xerox Corp Xerographic process
US3041166A (en) * 1958-02-12 1962-06-26 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate and method
US3095301A (en) * 1959-04-06 1963-06-25 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Electrophotographic element
US3121006A (en) * 1957-06-26 1964-02-11 Xerox Corp Photo-active member for xerography
US3121007A (en) * 1958-02-12 1964-02-11 Xerox Corp Photo-active member for xerography
US3124456A (en) * 1958-10-30 1964-03-10 figure
US3127266A (en) * 1958-08-09 1964-03-31 Chzxn
US3128204A (en) * 1956-11-14 1964-04-07 Agfa Ag Process of preparing photoconductive layers for electrophotography
US3136909A (en) * 1959-07-10 1964-06-09 Rca Corp Storage device having a photo-conductive target
US3140174A (en) * 1955-01-19 1964-07-07 Xerox Corp Process for overcoating a xerographic plate
US3142562A (en) * 1959-12-03 1964-07-28 Motorola Inc System and method for making records
US3151982A (en) * 1962-04-02 1964-10-06 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate
US3159483A (en) * 1959-07-14 1964-12-01 Azoplate Corp Process for the preparation of electrophotographic reversed images
US3196010A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-07-20 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic process for formation of deformation images in deformable interference films
US3196011A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-07-20 Xerox Corp Electrostatic frosting
US3196009A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-07-20 Rank Xerox Ltd Electrostatic image liquid deformation development
US3198632A (en) * 1955-09-30 1965-08-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Electrophotography
US3216844A (en) * 1962-03-02 1965-11-09 Xerox Corp Method of developing electrostatic image with photoconductive donor member
US3231375A (en) * 1962-03-23 1966-01-25 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3234019A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-02-08 Xerox Corp Method for formation of an electrostatic image resistant to deterioration on storage
US3234020A (en) * 1961-06-21 1966-02-08 Xerox Corp Plate for electrostatic electrophotography
US3243293A (en) * 1965-03-26 1966-03-29 Xerox Corp Plate for electrostatic electro-photography
US3251686A (en) * 1960-07-01 1966-05-17 Xerox Corp Xerographic process
US3256089A (en) * 1961-08-11 1966-06-14 Xerox Corp Masked plate xerography
US3312547A (en) * 1964-07-02 1967-04-04 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate and processes of making and using same
US3317315A (en) * 1962-04-30 1967-05-02 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing method and element
US3341326A (en) * 1962-10-01 1967-09-12 Xerox Corp Dark decay controlled xerography
US3394001A (en) * 1964-03-03 1968-07-23 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic sensitive material containing electron-donor dye layers
DE1295374B (de) * 1962-03-22 1969-05-14 Rank Xerox Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines durch Lichteinwirkung unbeeinflusst bleibenden Ladungsbildes auf einer Isolatorschicht
US3457070A (en) * 1964-07-25 1969-07-22 Matsuragawa Electric Co Ltd Electrophotography
US3512965A (en) * 1963-07-12 1970-05-19 Australia Res Lab Electroprinting method
US3607258A (en) * 1966-01-06 1971-09-21 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic plate and process
US3634078A (en) * 1965-10-06 1972-01-11 Kalle Ag Aluminum supports for planographic printing plates
US3791826A (en) * 1972-01-24 1974-02-12 Ibm Electrophotographic plate
US3830648A (en) * 1971-04-05 1974-08-20 Varian Associates Photoconductor-glass binder plate with insulating resin in pores
US3837853A (en) * 1969-06-10 1974-09-24 Canon Kk Electrophotographic method of imaging with an element containing an amorphous semiconductor
US3849128A (en) * 1967-12-30 1974-11-19 Canon Kk Process for producing a drum photosensitive member for electrophotography
US3850632A (en) * 1971-07-26 1974-11-26 Konishiroku Photo Ind Electrophotographic photosensitive plate
US3864132A (en) * 1972-05-22 1975-02-04 Eastman Kodak Co Article having a hydrophilic colloid layer adhesively bonded to a hydrophobic polymer support
JPS505942B1 (hu) * 1970-08-23 1975-03-08
US3879199A (en) * 1971-12-03 1975-04-22 Xerox Corp Surface treatment of arsenic-selenium photoconductors
US3881923A (en) * 1970-06-15 1975-05-06 Minolta Camera Kk Electrophotographic sensitive plate
US3894870A (en) * 1970-05-29 1975-07-15 Katsuragawa Denki Kk Photosensitive elements for use in electrophotography
JPS5033778B1 (hu) * 1971-06-22 1975-11-04
US3920453A (en) * 1972-01-28 1975-11-18 Addressograph Multigraph Method of electrostatic duplicating by image transfer
US3928034A (en) * 1970-12-01 1975-12-23 Xerox Corp Electron transport layer over an inorganic photoconductive layer
US3966470A (en) * 1973-08-22 1976-06-29 Veb Pentacon Dresden Photo-conductive coating containing Ge, S, and Pb or Sn
US3997343A (en) * 1971-01-27 1976-12-14 Gaf Corporation Material for electrostatic recording
US4071648A (en) * 1974-07-19 1978-01-31 Xonics, Inc. Electron radiograph receptor
US4106935A (en) * 1970-08-26 1978-08-15 Xerox Corporation Xerographic plate having an phthalocyanine pigment interface barrier layer
US4123267A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-10-31 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Photoconductive element having a barrier layer of aluminum hydroxyoxide
US4139380A (en) * 1975-12-10 1979-02-13 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrophotographic sensitive material with rubber interlayer
JPS54145539A (en) * 1978-05-04 1979-11-13 Canon Inc Electrophotographic image forming material
US4277551A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-07-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electrophotographic plate having charge transport overlayer
US4282298A (en) * 1970-12-01 1981-08-04 Xerox Corporation Layered imaging member and method
DE3045283A1 (de) * 1979-05-14 1982-11-18 A Zermeno Improved photon detector
US4369242A (en) * 1980-09-25 1983-01-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Non-porous and porous Al2 O3 barrier zones in layered electrophotographic device
US4390609A (en) * 1980-08-30 1983-06-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Electrophotographic recording material with abrasion resistant overcoat
US4554230A (en) * 1984-06-11 1985-11-19 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic imaging member with interface layer
US4557993A (en) * 1984-08-03 1985-12-10 Xerox Corporation Process for preparing an electrophotographic imaging member with NiO interlayer
US4921769A (en) * 1988-10-03 1990-05-01 Xerox Corporation Photoresponsive imaging members with polyurethane blocking layers
US5385796A (en) * 1989-12-29 1995-01-31 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic imaging member having unmodified hydroxy methacrylate polymer charge blocking layer

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DE2055269C3 (de) * 1969-11-11 1982-07-15 Canon K.K., Tokyo Elektrophotographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial
CA1041645A (en) * 1974-06-10 1978-10-31 Xerox Corporation Coating method to improve adhesion of photoconductors
JPS5357038A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-05-24 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Electrophotographic photosensitive element
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US3140174A (en) * 1955-01-19 1964-07-07 Xerox Corp Process for overcoating a xerographic plate
US3198632A (en) * 1955-09-30 1965-08-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Electrophotography
US3041165A (en) * 1956-07-04 1962-06-26 Kalle Ag Electrophotographic material
US2979402A (en) * 1956-07-31 1961-04-11 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3128204A (en) * 1956-11-14 1964-04-07 Agfa Ag Process of preparing photoconductive layers for electrophotography
US3121006A (en) * 1957-06-26 1964-02-11 Xerox Corp Photo-active member for xerography
US2997387A (en) * 1957-12-17 1961-08-22 Ozalid Co Ltd Photographic reproduction
US3041166A (en) * 1958-02-12 1962-06-26 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate and method
US3121007A (en) * 1958-02-12 1964-02-11 Xerox Corp Photo-active member for xerography
US3002835A (en) * 1958-07-30 1961-10-03 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Photoconductive recording element
US3127266A (en) * 1958-08-09 1964-03-31 Chzxn
US3124456A (en) * 1958-10-30 1964-03-10 figure
US3095301A (en) * 1959-04-06 1963-06-25 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Electrophotographic element
US3136909A (en) * 1959-07-10 1964-06-09 Rca Corp Storage device having a photo-conductive target
US3159483A (en) * 1959-07-14 1964-12-01 Azoplate Corp Process for the preparation of electrophotographic reversed images
US3041167A (en) * 1959-08-19 1962-06-26 Xerox Corp Xerographic process
US3142562A (en) * 1959-12-03 1964-07-28 Motorola Inc System and method for making records
US3251686A (en) * 1960-07-01 1966-05-17 Xerox Corp Xerographic process
US3234019A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-02-08 Xerox Corp Method for formation of an electrostatic image resistant to deterioration on storage
US3234020A (en) * 1961-06-21 1966-02-08 Xerox Corp Plate for electrostatic electrophotography
US3256089A (en) * 1961-08-11 1966-06-14 Xerox Corp Masked plate xerography
US3216844A (en) * 1962-03-02 1965-11-09 Xerox Corp Method of developing electrostatic image with photoconductive donor member
DE1295374B (de) * 1962-03-22 1969-05-14 Rank Xerox Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines durch Lichteinwirkung unbeeinflusst bleibenden Ladungsbildes auf einer Isolatorschicht
DE1295374C2 (de) * 1962-03-22 1974-08-22 Rank Xerox Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung eines allein durch lichteinwirkung nicht loeschbaren ladungsbildes auf einer isolatorschicht
US3231375A (en) * 1962-03-23 1966-01-25 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3151982A (en) * 1962-04-02 1964-10-06 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate
US3317315A (en) * 1962-04-30 1967-05-02 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing method and element
US3196011A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-07-20 Xerox Corp Electrostatic frosting
US3196010A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-07-20 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic process for formation of deformation images in deformable interference films
US3196009A (en) * 1962-05-08 1965-07-20 Rank Xerox Ltd Electrostatic image liquid deformation development
US3341326A (en) * 1962-10-01 1967-09-12 Xerox Corp Dark decay controlled xerography
US3512965A (en) * 1963-07-12 1970-05-19 Australia Res Lab Electroprinting method
US3394001A (en) * 1964-03-03 1968-07-23 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic sensitive material containing electron-donor dye layers
US3312547A (en) * 1964-07-02 1967-04-04 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate and processes of making and using same
US3457070A (en) * 1964-07-25 1969-07-22 Matsuragawa Electric Co Ltd Electrophotography
US3243293A (en) * 1965-03-26 1966-03-29 Xerox Corp Plate for electrostatic electro-photography
US3634078A (en) * 1965-10-06 1972-01-11 Kalle Ag Aluminum supports for planographic printing plates
US3607258A (en) * 1966-01-06 1971-09-21 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic plate and process
US3849128A (en) * 1967-12-30 1974-11-19 Canon Kk Process for producing a drum photosensitive member for electrophotography
US3837853A (en) * 1969-06-10 1974-09-24 Canon Kk Electrophotographic method of imaging with an element containing an amorphous semiconductor
US3894870A (en) * 1970-05-29 1975-07-15 Katsuragawa Denki Kk Photosensitive elements for use in electrophotography
US3881923A (en) * 1970-06-15 1975-05-06 Minolta Camera Kk Electrophotographic sensitive plate
JPS505942B1 (hu) * 1970-08-23 1975-03-08
US4106935A (en) * 1970-08-26 1978-08-15 Xerox Corporation Xerographic plate having an phthalocyanine pigment interface barrier layer
US3928034A (en) * 1970-12-01 1975-12-23 Xerox Corp Electron transport layer over an inorganic photoconductive layer
US4282298A (en) * 1970-12-01 1981-08-04 Xerox Corporation Layered imaging member and method
US3997343A (en) * 1971-01-27 1976-12-14 Gaf Corporation Material for electrostatic recording
US3830648A (en) * 1971-04-05 1974-08-20 Varian Associates Photoconductor-glass binder plate with insulating resin in pores
JPS5033778B1 (hu) * 1971-06-22 1975-11-04
US3850632A (en) * 1971-07-26 1974-11-26 Konishiroku Photo Ind Electrophotographic photosensitive plate
US3879199A (en) * 1971-12-03 1975-04-22 Xerox Corp Surface treatment of arsenic-selenium photoconductors
US3791826A (en) * 1972-01-24 1974-02-12 Ibm Electrophotographic plate
US3920453A (en) * 1972-01-28 1975-11-18 Addressograph Multigraph Method of electrostatic duplicating by image transfer
US3864132A (en) * 1972-05-22 1975-02-04 Eastman Kodak Co Article having a hydrophilic colloid layer adhesively bonded to a hydrophobic polymer support
US3966470A (en) * 1973-08-22 1976-06-29 Veb Pentacon Dresden Photo-conductive coating containing Ge, S, and Pb or Sn
US4071648A (en) * 1974-07-19 1978-01-31 Xonics, Inc. Electron radiograph receptor
US4139380A (en) * 1975-12-10 1979-02-13 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrophotographic sensitive material with rubber interlayer
US4123267A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-10-31 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Photoconductive element having a barrier layer of aluminum hydroxyoxide
JPS54145539A (en) * 1978-05-04 1979-11-13 Canon Inc Electrophotographic image forming material
JPS6226458B2 (hu) * 1978-05-04 1987-06-09 Canon Kk
DE3045283A1 (de) * 1979-05-14 1982-11-18 A Zermeno Improved photon detector
US4277551A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-07-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electrophotographic plate having charge transport overlayer
US4390609A (en) * 1980-08-30 1983-06-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Electrophotographic recording material with abrasion resistant overcoat
US4369242A (en) * 1980-09-25 1983-01-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Non-porous and porous Al2 O3 barrier zones in layered electrophotographic device
US4554230A (en) * 1984-06-11 1985-11-19 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic imaging member with interface layer
US4557993A (en) * 1984-08-03 1985-12-10 Xerox Corporation Process for preparing an electrophotographic imaging member with NiO interlayer
US4921769A (en) * 1988-10-03 1990-05-01 Xerox Corporation Photoresponsive imaging members with polyurethane blocking layers
US5385796A (en) * 1989-12-29 1995-01-31 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic imaging member having unmodified hydroxy methacrylate polymer charge blocking layer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1099631A (fr) 1955-09-07
DE1032669B (de) 1958-06-19
DE1032669C2 (hu) 1958-11-27
GB789802A (en) 1958-01-29

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