US2852397A - Non-solid erasable writing medium and instrument utilizing same - Google Patents

Non-solid erasable writing medium and instrument utilizing same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2852397A
US2852397A US399221A US39922153A US2852397A US 2852397 A US2852397 A US 2852397A US 399221 A US399221 A US 399221A US 39922153 A US39922153 A US 39922153A US 2852397 A US2852397 A US 2852397A
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United States
Prior art keywords
writing
ball
medium
paper
solid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US399221A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerald A Goessling
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to BE534282D priority Critical patent/BE534282A/xx
Priority to NL87682D priority patent/NL87682C/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US399221A priority patent/US2852397A/en
Priority to DEP13215A priority patent/DE1043550B/de
Priority to FR682067A priority patent/FR1252003A/fr
Priority to CH337598D priority patent/CH337598A/de
Priority to GB36948/54A priority patent/GB805362A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2852397A publication Critical patent/US2852397A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/16—Writing inks
    • C09D11/18—Writing inks specially adapted for ball-point writing instruments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K7/00—Ball-point pens

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to writing instruments employing erasable writing media, and more particularly to a non-solid, erasable, writing medium which simulates the markings of conventional pencil leads, and a mechanical construction for utilizing it.
  • rotating-ball type writing instruments which employ ink in the form of a true solution, i. e., a dye substantially or completely dissolved in a carrier and which penetrates into the fibers of the writing paper so as to be difiicult to erase.
  • non-solid writing medium which can be varied within controlled limits so as to simulate the marks made by practically all grades of conventional penall leads, from a very soft lead to the relatively hard leads used in drawing pencils, and which, when applied to paper and the like in a thin film, provides a deposit of solid particles on the surface thereof similar to the deposits rnade by frictionally removing particles from conventional pencil leads as by moving them over the surface of paper, and which can be readily erased in like manner.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a nechanical writing construction and a non-solid erasable writing medium which does not leak therefrom, which remains stable over long periods of time, and which does 1ot leave globs or dots, or broken, unmarked spaces when noved over the paper. More particularly, it is an object provide such a combination whereby the medium does rot leak from the unit regardless of the position in which t is held, but flows from the instrument the instant the atter is moved over the paper or the like, even after long leriods of nonuse, so as to deposit a uniform, uninterrupted ine or film on the surface thereof.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide 1 novel writing instrument employing a non-solid writing medium which can remain uncapped in the same manner as conventional lead pencils. More particularly, it is an object to provide such combination in which the surface around the point of the writing instrument remains clean 1 Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent from the following detailed description.
  • the invention includes a writing medium comprising a colloidal dispersion of pigment particles in a lubricated or oily carrier having predetermined viscosity, adhesive, and cohesive characteristics, in combination with a rotating-ball type instrument for applying the medium to paper and the like in a thin film, and which has the space between the ball and its seat and the size and' number of feed grooves so constructed inrelation to the viscosity of the writing medium and the size of the graphite particles as to feed the writing medium continuously and uniformly onto the paper and the like.
  • Fig. 1 is an enlarged, fragmentary, vertical, sectional view of the lower end of a unfilled reservoir and writing tip unit embodying the teachings of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a further enlarged, fragmentary, vertical, sectional view of the lowermost end of the unit, the space between the ball and its seat being exaggerated to illustrate the location of the writing medium when the unit is not used, the writing medium being shown only around the ball itself so as not to interfere with the disclosure of the feed l grooves; and
  • Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but schematically illustrating the flow of the writing medium from the unit as the ball is moved over the surface of writing paper or the like.
  • the ball produces a groove or indentation in the paper but this is not indicated in the drawing for obvious reasons.
  • Fig. l 10 indicates generally a writing unit constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, and which includes a capillary tube 12 which has a machined fitting 14 fastened to the lower end thereof.
  • the fitting 14 contains a ball seat 16 at the lower end y and includes a lower peripheral edge 17, the ball seat being in communication with the interior of the capillary tube 10 through a capillary passageway 18.
  • At the lower end of the capillary passageway 18 are a plurality of feed grooves 20 which increase the flow of the writing medium from the capillary passageway to the ball seat 16.
  • a ball 22 of polished stainless steel or sapphire Rotatably mounted in the seat 16 is a ball 22 of polished stainless steel or sapphire.
  • the writing medium must have sufiicient body and I cohesive strength to remain within the writing unit and I to produce marks which simulate the marks produced by conventional pencil leads. On the other hand, it cannot be too viscous or it will not flow freely through the writing instrument. Also, it should not penetrate too quickly into the fibers of the paper, otherwise it will carry the particles too deeply into the paper and make the erasure thereof more difiicult.
  • the cohesive or film strength must also be sufficient to cause the medium to flow or be pulled in a uniform, unbroken film, from the capillary tube, around the ball, and onto the writing paper.
  • the medium must also have sufficient adhesive strength or affinity for the ball to cling to it and be pulled from between the ball and its seat, and onto the paper.
  • its afimity for the writing paper must be much greater than its affinity for the ball so that it will be transferred from the ball onto the paper and will not pile up on the peripheral edge 17.
  • the writing unit when the writing unit is removed from contact with the paper, some of the medium may remain on the exposed surface of the ball so that it is desirable for the medium to have more cohesive strength with respect to itself than adhesive strength with respect to the surface of the ball whereby it will contract or draw back into the space between the ball and its seat, and provide a clean point.
  • the preferred black writing medium comprises a colloidal dispersion of graphite particles in a lubricated or oily carrier, in which substantially all of the graphite particles are less than 7 microns in size, and preferably no more than about 3 to 4 microns.
  • a mixture of carbon and graphite particles can be used, but graphite particles alone produce better results because they more closely simulate the marks made by conventional pencil leads, and, being of a lubricating nature, they flow more freely. If very many particles of a larger size than 7 microns are used, there is a tendency for the Writing instrument to clog or jam due apparently to a bridging or piling up of the particles in the feed grooves or between the ball and its seat.
  • the particle content of the dispersion is between about 10% to 25%, by weight, and preferably between about to 17%.
  • the marks which are produced are lighter than those produced by conventional pencil leads, and above it is difiicult to produce a satisfactory, freefiowing medium.
  • the solid particle content is varied in order to produce writing media which simulate the marks made by conventional hard, medium or soft pencil leads.
  • the viscosity of the carrier also affects the erasability of the writing medium.
  • the carrier should deposit the particles on the surface of the paper in a thin film and then slowly penetrate into the paper leaving the particles on the surface. This produces marks which closely simulate the marks produced by conventional pencil leads, and which are readily erased. With a carrier of low viscosity, the particles are carried further into the fibers of the paper, and the marks are more difficult to erase. From the standpoint of erasability it would be desirable to have a very viscous carrier, but, if the writing medium is too viscous it is not sufliciently free-flowing and there is a tendency for the unit to starve or skip.
  • the resultant medium in order for a colloidal dispersion of pigment particles to operate satisfactorily in a rotating-ball type writing instrument, it is necessary for the resultant medium to be sort of sticky or tacky and to have relatively high cohesive and adhesive strength, with the cohesive strength being greater than the adhesive strength with respect to the ball or the inner surface of the capillary tube.
  • This result can best be achieved by using a lubricated carrier which has a relatively high initial stickiness or tackiness, or by adding a substance or substances to a carrier in order to increase these characteristics.
  • dispersion is a tarry petroleum or bituminous material such as asphalt or tar, dissolved in oil or a petroleum thinner, or any like synthetic or natural substance which is compatible with graphite and oil.
  • One method of preparing the additive is to dissolve pure asphalt or tar in VMP (varnish makers and printers) naphtha and a light oil having a high heat range.
  • VMP varnish makers and printers
  • a light oil having a high heat range as for example, Socorn-Vacuum DTE which is a l520 S-AE heat resistant oil.
  • Socorn-Vacuum DTE which is a l520 S-AE heat resistant oil.
  • This additive is then mixed with the previously prepared graphite dispersion so that the additive comprises about 20% to 40%, by volume, and the colloidal dispersion comprises about 60% to 80%, producing a resultant writing medium having a surface tension of about 30 to 40 dynes per cm. at 25 degrees C. and a viscosity of between about 5000 to 11,000 centipoises.
  • 60% of the colloidal dispersion is selected of about 30% concentration as before stated, the maximum preferred amount of graphite particles in the final composition is about 17%.
  • the resultant writing medium contain the pro-per amount of pigment particles and tarry material to achieve the desired result.
  • a light polymerized hydrocarbon such as Paratac, or Cities Service Cisco No. 52.
  • Paratac is produced by Enjay (10., inc, New York City and consists essentially of a high molecular weight (80,000 to 120,000) polyisobutylene in solution in oil.
  • Cisco No. 52 is produced by Cities Service Oil Company of Chicago and consists essentially of: a residual distillate (similar to asphaltum) in trichloroethylene and has a viscosity of about 5,000 seconds at 210 F.-
  • the writing medium described above is further improved by adding to it a small amount of a wetting agent such as oleic acid, stearic acid or one of the metallic soaps.
  • a wetting agent such as oleic acid, stearic acid or one of the metallic soaps.
  • About /2% to 1% of oleic acid is very satisfactory, but like amounts of the other substances may be used.
  • a black pigment such as graphite or carbon
  • colored pigments such as red, yellow and blue to produce no solid, erasable, writing media in rotating-ball type writing instruments, which simulate the marks made by conventional colored pencil leads.
  • the colored pigments which I used are known in the industry as organic toners and are essentially organic salts, the red being barium lithol, and the blue being monastral blue. Very satisfactory results have been obtained by using about 12% solid particles in an oily carrier containing a tarry additive of the type previously described.
  • the writing medium does not leak from the point or the other end of the writing unit, regardless of the position in which it is maintained. However, the unit is very stable and will write as soon as it is moved over the paper, even after long periods of nonuse, so as to deposit a uniform, uninterrupted line or film on the surface thereof.
  • the carrier is absorbed by the paper, leaving a deposit of solid particles substantially wholly on the surface thereof, which can be removed by erasing in the same manner as marks made by conventional pencil leads.
  • the point of the unit remains clean at all times so that it can be placed uncapped in the users pocket or purse in the same manner as conventional lead pencils.
  • a writing composition which simulates the markings of a conventional pencil lead consisting essentially of a stable colloidal dispersion of graphite particles in a light petroleum oil with substantially all of the graphite particles being less than 7 microns in size as the pigment and said graphite particles being from 10% to 25% by weight of the writing composition, a carrier comprising a tar-like substance selected from the group consisting of tar derived from petroleum and bituminous distillate residue and asphalt dissolved in a petroleum thinner and oil, said colloidal dispersion being from 60% to by volume of the writing composition and said carrier being from 20% to 40% by volume of said writing composition and said tar-like substance being from about 16% to 32% by volume of said writing composition.
  • a writing composition as recited in claim 2 in which the ratio of asphalt to oil is 4 to 1 by volume when the asphalt content in the additive is about 80%.
  • a writing composition as recited in claim 4 in which oleic acid is added in the amount of about /2% to 1% to increase the afiinity of the writing composition for itself and for the paper so that when the writing implement is removed from the paper any of the composition left on the ball will be drawn back into the writing implement thereby maintaining the ball in a clean condition.
  • a writing composition as recited in claim 1 in which substantially all of the graphite particles are less than 4 microns in size.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
US399221A 1953-12-21 1953-12-21 Non-solid erasable writing medium and instrument utilizing same Expired - Lifetime US2852397A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE534282D BE534282A (en(2012)) 1953-12-21
NL87682D NL87682C (en(2012)) 1953-12-21
US399221A US2852397A (en) 1953-12-21 1953-12-21 Non-solid erasable writing medium and instrument utilizing same
DEP13215A DE1043550B (de) 1953-12-21 1954-12-16 Nichtstarre, radierbare Abstriche ermoeglichende Kugelschreibermasse
FR682067A FR1252003A (fr) 1953-12-21 1954-12-20 Encre effaçable pour instruments pour écrire à bille
CH337598D CH337598A (de) 1953-12-21 1954-12-21 Schreibmittel und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
GB36948/54A GB805362A (en) 1953-12-21 1954-12-21 Non-solid erasable writing media

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US399221A US2852397A (en) 1953-12-21 1953-12-21 Non-solid erasable writing medium and instrument utilizing same

Publications (1)

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US2852397A true US2852397A (en) 1958-09-16

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US399221A Expired - Lifetime US2852397A (en) 1953-12-21 1953-12-21 Non-solid erasable writing medium and instrument utilizing same

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US (1) US2852397A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE534282A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH337598A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1043550B (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1252003A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB805362A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL87682C (en(2012))

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3303160A (en) * 1961-07-17 1967-02-07 Inca Inks Ink from nylon, cresylic acid, and pigment
US4097290A (en) * 1974-08-09 1978-06-27 The Gillette Company Ball-point instruments writing with improved transitorially erasable trace and ink compositions therefor
US4329264A (en) * 1980-04-03 1982-05-11 Scripto, Inc. Ballpoint writing instrument containing an initially erasable ink
US4329262A (en) * 1981-03-25 1982-05-11 Scripto, Inc. Initially erasable ink composition for a ball point writing instrument
US4960464A (en) * 1989-08-31 1990-10-02 Chen Ching Fei Erasable ink composition
US6599353B2 (en) 2000-04-20 2003-07-29 Berol Corporation Shear-thinning writing compositions, writing instruments, and methods
US20060147252A1 (en) * 2005-01-03 2006-07-06 Kathleen Torrell Liquid graphite pencil
US20070243006A1 (en) * 2005-04-16 2007-10-18 Kathleen Torrell Liquid graphite

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW360691B (en) * 1994-09-16 1999-06-11 Mitsubishi Pencil Co Non-aqueous ink for ball point pen
GB9715124D0 (en) * 1997-07-17 1997-09-24 Gillette Co Ballpoint pen and ink therefor
FR2988513B1 (fr) 2012-03-23 2014-11-21 Soitec Silicon On Insulator Cellule eprom

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE161058C (en(2012)) *
GB325014A (en(2012)) * 1900-01-01
GB190511191A (en) * 1904-06-02 1906-02-01 Eugen Braschler-Kurtz Improved Method of Treating Bituminous Substances, Resins, Oils, Waxes, and the like.
US1049916A (en) * 1910-07-05 1913-01-07 Friedrich Raschig Tar-paint and process of manufacture.
US1186167A (en) * 1914-03-30 1916-06-06 Christopher H Bierbaum Method of making lubricants.
GB391954A (en) * 1932-03-14 1933-05-11 William Wilson White An improved adjustable chair or seat for invalids and others
US2075223A (en) * 1934-09-10 1937-03-30 Eagle Pencil Co Pencil lead and the art of making the same
GB476173A (en) * 1936-06-02 1937-12-02 William Hassard Process for stabilising asphalt
US2356367A (en) * 1940-11-22 1944-08-22 Jasco Inc High temperature lubricant
US2427398A (en) * 1947-09-16 Heat-conductive luting material
US2427921A (en) * 1945-12-03 1947-09-23 Milton Reynolds Fountain pen ink
US2594083A (en) * 1948-07-08 1952-04-22 Silver Frank Vern Ball-point pen and cap
GB675321A (en) * 1949-10-14 1952-07-09 Rudolf Kreutzer An improved method of producing unburned pencils
US2649381A (en) * 1949-08-06 1953-08-18 Marsh Stencil Machine Company Stabilized stencil ink
US2715388A (en) * 1955-04-29 1955-08-16 Scripto Inc Writing instrument

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE863976C (de) * 1943-03-05 1953-01-22 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von wasserbestaendige Schriftzeichen oder Drucke ergebendenTinten oder Tiefdruckfarben
BE468058A (en(2012)) * 1945-07-28
AT162454B (de) * 1946-04-18 1949-03-10 Walter Zauner Füllschreib- oder Zeichengerät
US2623827A (en) * 1948-04-23 1952-12-30 Eversharp Inc Ball point pen ink
BE495006A (en(2012)) * 1949-06-30

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427398A (en) * 1947-09-16 Heat-conductive luting material
GB325014A (en(2012)) * 1900-01-01
DE161058C (en(2012)) *
GB190511191A (en) * 1904-06-02 1906-02-01 Eugen Braschler-Kurtz Improved Method of Treating Bituminous Substances, Resins, Oils, Waxes, and the like.
US1049916A (en) * 1910-07-05 1913-01-07 Friedrich Raschig Tar-paint and process of manufacture.
US1186167A (en) * 1914-03-30 1916-06-06 Christopher H Bierbaum Method of making lubricants.
GB391954A (en) * 1932-03-14 1933-05-11 William Wilson White An improved adjustable chair or seat for invalids and others
US2075223A (en) * 1934-09-10 1937-03-30 Eagle Pencil Co Pencil lead and the art of making the same
GB476173A (en) * 1936-06-02 1937-12-02 William Hassard Process for stabilising asphalt
US2356367A (en) * 1940-11-22 1944-08-22 Jasco Inc High temperature lubricant
US2427921A (en) * 1945-12-03 1947-09-23 Milton Reynolds Fountain pen ink
US2594083A (en) * 1948-07-08 1952-04-22 Silver Frank Vern Ball-point pen and cap
US2649381A (en) * 1949-08-06 1953-08-18 Marsh Stencil Machine Company Stabilized stencil ink
GB675321A (en) * 1949-10-14 1952-07-09 Rudolf Kreutzer An improved method of producing unburned pencils
US2715388A (en) * 1955-04-29 1955-08-16 Scripto Inc Writing instrument

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3303160A (en) * 1961-07-17 1967-02-07 Inca Inks Ink from nylon, cresylic acid, and pigment
US4097290A (en) * 1974-08-09 1978-06-27 The Gillette Company Ball-point instruments writing with improved transitorially erasable trace and ink compositions therefor
US4329264A (en) * 1980-04-03 1982-05-11 Scripto, Inc. Ballpoint writing instrument containing an initially erasable ink
US4329262A (en) * 1981-03-25 1982-05-11 Scripto, Inc. Initially erasable ink composition for a ball point writing instrument
US4960464A (en) * 1989-08-31 1990-10-02 Chen Ching Fei Erasable ink composition
US6599353B2 (en) 2000-04-20 2003-07-29 Berol Corporation Shear-thinning writing compositions, writing instruments, and methods
US20060147252A1 (en) * 2005-01-03 2006-07-06 Kathleen Torrell Liquid graphite pencil
US20070243006A1 (en) * 2005-04-16 2007-10-18 Kathleen Torrell Liquid graphite
US7951236B2 (en) 2005-04-16 2011-05-31 Jakks Pacific, Inc. Liquid graphite

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1043550B (de) 1958-11-13
CH337598A (de) 1959-04-15
FR1252003A (fr) 1961-01-27
NL87682C (en(2012))
GB805362A (en) 1958-12-03
BE534282A (en(2012))

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