Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/14—Fillers; Abrasives ; Abrasive compositions; Suspending or absorbing agents not provided for in one single group of C11D3/12; Specific features concerning abrasives, e.g. granulometry or mixtures

Definitions

• the invention relates to cleaning compositions, and more particularly. to scouring, cleansing, and polishing powders, of which the mechanically cleansing waterunsoluble components are of-such a fineness .that they will pass completely through a sieve having a mesh size of .3 mm.
• such compositions comprise a major part of water-insoluble mineral particles and a minor part of water-soluble particles.
• Powders of said type are frequently used for the cleansing and polishing of metals as well as for the cleaning of dirty hands.
• the mineral particles must be of a small grain size, as otherwise skin injuries, or scratches on shiny metal surfaces would occur.
• cleaning compositions a grain size under 0.3 mm. of the alkaline reaction, various phosphates, and soaps or synthetic capillary activematerials.
• These combinations of various substances have been heretofore, as usual in the manufacture of washing agents, frequently brought into powder form by spraying a mixture of the starting materials in form of a warm aqueous pasty mass having a high content of solids. This method is less a drying of the paste but rather a crystallizing out, on cooling, of the inorganic components dissolved by heating.
• neutral salts as, e. g. sodium sulfate or sodium chloride, which result from the preparation of fatty alcohol sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, parai'lin sulfonates or other synthetic capillary active agents, form large and relatively sharply-edged crystals, and often coarsen the finely granulated cleaning compositions in an undesired manner.
• Such powders are especially suitable as water-soluble ingredients of scouring, cleansing, and polishing compositions which are prepared by spray-drying of solutions, in which the starting materials are dissolved as completely as possible.
• the liquid droplets finely distributed in the warm air current, dry to a fine powder without allowing the formation of large crystals. The more diluted the solution, and the finer the distribution by the spray nozzles is, the softer and the more finely granulated is the obtained powder.
• the selection of the water-insoluble components of a particle size under 0.3 depends on the intended use of the powder. Quartz dust has been found suitable for cleansing purposes, but it may also be incorporated in polishing powders if a particularly finely granulated prodnet is used or if the proportion of the water-soluble components is increased.
• Other suitable mineral agents are,
• Suitable water soluble agents are especially salts having alkaline reaction, such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, dior tri-sodium phosphate, but also sodium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium hexarnetaphosphate may be used.
• the action of these salts is assisted by an addition of capillary active substances, such as soap, alkylaryl sulfonates, olefinic or parafiinic sulfonates, and others.
• the cleaning composition can be prepared in various ways; for instance, the alkali salts which are to be incorporated can be brought to the desired fineness by prolonged grinding, sieving and/ or sifting. Especially if vibrating mills are used, a particularly finely ground product is obtained.
• the water-soluble ingredients may be ground also in the presence of moderate amounts of water-insoluble mineral ingredients; this procedure is especially recommended when very hard mineral ingredients such as quartz dust, areemployed. In this case the mineral powder assists in a very efiicient way the grinding operation, so as to produce a finely granulated powder in a shorter time.
• scouring and polishing compositions contain often as water-soluble ingredients combinations of materials which may consist of salts having an ever, with a suitable operation of the spraying apparatus, even substantially saturated'starting solutions, which contain no more undissolved solids, yield a powder which is completely satisfactory for the requirements of the method according to the invention. If a small amount of fine mineral powder is blown into the tower, an intimate mixture of the two ingredients is obtained which can be mixedreadily with the main amount of the mineral ingredient and which produces already after a short miX- ingperiod a very homogeneous powder.
• the present invention is by no means limited to polishing and scouring compositions of which the water-soluble component has an a kaline reaction; also substances of neutral or acid reaction can be successfully used.
• acid components are amidosuli'onic acid, urea nitrate, oxalic acid as well as organic, especially aromatic aminosulfonic acids; also other solid substances of acid reaction of similar or other groups, as e. g. sodium bisulfate, can be used together with finely powdered mineral components, particularly for the removal of acid-soluble stains.
• the neutral or acid polishing and scouring compositions may contain, in addition to the anion active ingredients, also cation active or electro-neutral wetting or foaming agents. Beside the acid resistant anion active wetting agents, certain cation active substances are particularly suitable as admixtures to acid polishing and scouring compositions, since they display in addition to the disinfecting action desired in a hand cleaning composition, also an inhibitive action in the metal treatment. it is, of course, also possible to incorporate other disinfecting substances into acid, neutral or alkaline cleaning compositions.
• novel cleansing, securing, and polishing compositions of the invention are of advantage not only in dry but also in wet cleaning.
• dry cleaning which is particularly recommended for the cleansing of aluminum, or copper
• the fine abrasive particles are embedded in the finer water-soluble components, in such a way that the cleaning composition applied to the base assumes already after a few strokes a surface of smooth appearance and displays a conspicuous polishing effect after the removal of superficial stains from the metal surface.
• This effect becomes especially apparent on relatively soft, transparent plastics, such as, for instance, Plexiglas.
• a cleaning composition containing 17 per cent of water-soluble components, having a particle size equal to the size of the quartz powder leaves theron a great number of microscopic fine scratches, which render the material dull.
• the mechanical cleaning action of the abrasive agents shall be assisted by the chemical action of the components dissolved in water; therefore, a high solution rate of the soluble admixtures is desired.
• Powders of a particle size of a .3 mm. have a relatively high rate of solution in water, and an increase of the cleaning action by a further decrease of the particle size could not be expected; nevertheless, I have observed a considerably increased cleaning action of such cleaning compositions.
• the explanation for this effect may be found in the particular conditions of diffusion and solution obtaining in wet cleaning. Whereas the dissolution of a water-soluble substance of .3 mm.
• the great advantage of the cleaning compositions according to the invention is due to the fact that the very fine water-soluble components are dissolved very quickly and yield a relatively concentrated cleaning liquid, which is capable of assisting very efficiently the mechanical cleaning action of the insoluble components. This results in a dissolution of the stains at the first strokes.
• Example 2 25 parts of alkyl sulfonate or alkyl aryl sulfonate in the form of a 20-30 per cent paste containing neutral salts are mixed with 35 parts of calcined soda. To this paste, hot water is added in such an amount that a complete dissolution of the substances is obtained. The solution contains'about 40 to 45 per cent of solids.
• the composition of this mixture may be changed.
• the soda may be replaced, wholly or in part, by orthophosphatcs or by anhydric phosphates, such as ym-phosphates, metaphosphates, or polyphcsphates. Salts of polycarboxyamines may be added.
• the hot solution is sprayed by means of a nozzle, which produces fine droplets, in a countercurrent of hot air.
• a very fine powder is obtained of approximately the following composition: 20% of capillary active substance, 35% of NazCOs, 23 of water; the balance is N212SO4 and/ or NaCl.
• the cleaning composition in accordance with the invention is obtained, which may contain 5 to 25 per cent of the water-soluble powder recited hereinabove.
• a powdered, water-insoluble inorganic abrasive selected from the group consisting of quartz, kaolin, pumice and marble dust, and a water soluble salt selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, (ii-sodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate, said water insoluble abrasive having a particle size passing completely through a sieve having meshes of .3 mm., said water soluble salts having a particle size smaller than that of said water-insoluble abrasive, and being present in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 33% by weight of said water-soluble abrasive.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (25)

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Citations (6)

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• 0
  • BE BE503818D patent/BE503818A/xx unknown
• 1948
  • 1948-10-02 DE DEP13333A patent/DE860981C/de not_active Expired
• 1951
  • 1951-05-30 GB GB12650/51A patent/GB711356A/en not_active Expired
  • 1951-06-27 CH CH300950D patent/CH300950A/de unknown
  • 1951-07-03 US US235100A patent/US2739129A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (6)

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