US2722508A - Electrodeposition of alloys containing copper and tin - Google Patents
Electrodeposition of alloys containing copper and tin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2722508A US2722508A US320617A US32061752A US2722508A US 2722508 A US2722508 A US 2722508A US 320617 A US320617 A US 320617A US 32061752 A US32061752 A US 32061752A US 2722508 A US2722508 A US 2722508A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- tin
- alloy
- sodium
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940079864 sodium stannate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkali-metal cyanide Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IOUCSUBTZWXKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O IOUCSUBTZWXKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/58—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of copper
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in electroplating and is more particularly concerned with the electrodeposition of alloys containing copper and tin as the main constituents.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a process whereby an alloy containing copper and tin as the main constituents may be deposited on a cathode with no more difficulty than is encountered in the electrodeposition of nickel or pure copper with substantially the same equipment.
- the difficulties hitherto encountered in electro-depositing an alloy containing copper and tin as the main constituents, using anodes of the alloy in question are overcome by including in the aqueous electrolyte an organic hydroxy acid, preferably citric acid, or a suitable salt thereof.
- an organic hydroxy acid preferably citric acid, or a suitable salt thereof.
- the alloy anodes dissolve in the bath in a steady and regular manner without any tendency to polarization or other disturbances.
- the presence of citric acid or its compounds leads to a marked improvement in the appearance and texture of the deposited alloy.
- Example 1 Gm./1. Copper cyanide 40 Sodium stannate 20 Sodium cyanide (total) 65 Sodium hydroxide 7 /2 Sodium citrate 50 This gives a rather weak electrolyte and in circumstances in which the use of a more concentrated electrolyte is preferable, the following composition might be used:
- electrolyte compositions are as follows:
- Example 3 Preferred Percent- Concept Qon em e fi ion tration, Range, Range, g./1. percent g./l.
- Example 5 Preferred Percent- Concen- Concenage tration tration, Range, Range, g./l. percent g./l.
- copper sulphitel 50 7-50 20-80 sodium cyanide (total)... 50 7-50 20-80 sodium stannate 60 3-40 10-50 potassium hydroxide 50 10-40 20-100 citric acid 50 10-40 20-100 The various components may be added to the aqueous bath separately or they may be mixed in suitable proportions beforehand and subsequently dissolved in the appropriate amount of water.
- composition of the anodes which primarily controls the nature of the deposit, may be -95% copper and 520% tin and very good results have been obtained with copper and 10% tin. It has also been found advantageous to include a small proportion of aluminum or aluminum alloy, for instance up to 2.5% of aluminum or up to 3% of an alloy of aluminum and magnesium.
- a process for the electrodeposition of a copper-tin alloy selected from the group consisting of an alloy of copper and tin, an alloy of copper, tin and up to 2.5 aluminum, and an alloy of copper, tin and up to 3% of an aluminum'and magnesium alloy on a cathode comprising passing an electric current through an aqueous electrolyte composed of water, 5-25 of a copper compound, 10-50% of an alkali-metal stannate, 10-35% of an alkali-metal cyanide and 1050% of a compound having the citric acid radical selected from the group consisting of citric acid and an alkali-metal salt of citric acid,
- composition of the anode is 80-95% copper, 520% tin, 0-2.5% aluminum and 0-2% magnesium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB307011X | 1951-11-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2722508A true US2722508A (en) | 1955-11-01 |
Family
ID=10311766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US320617A Expired - Lifetime US2722508A (en) | 1951-11-27 | 1952-11-14 | Electrodeposition of alloys containing copper and tin |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2722508A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE515745A (en(2012)) |
| CH (1) | CH307011A (en(2012)) |
| DE (1) | DE1059737B (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR1066712A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB732538A (en(2012)) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2244017B1 (en(2012)) * | 1973-09-14 | 1977-09-23 | Stephanois Rech |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1073432A (en) * | 1912-10-29 | 1913-09-16 | Pascal Marino | Process of preparing electrolytes for use in the deposition of a metal or metallic alloy. |
| US1863869A (en) * | 1929-10-07 | 1932-06-21 | Ternstedt Mfg Co | Electroplating bath |
| US2198365A (en) * | 1938-06-29 | 1940-04-23 | Special Chemicals Corp | Electroplating |
| US2397522A (en) * | 1939-10-25 | 1946-04-02 | City Auto Stamping Co | Process for the electrodeposition of tin alloys |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR863312A (fr) * | 1939-02-20 | 1941-03-29 | Procédé et appareil pour le dépôt électrolytique d'alliages d'étain | |
| NL64052C (en(2012)) * | 1942-09-15 |
-
0
- FR FR1066712D patent/FR1066712A/fr not_active Expired
- BE BE515745D patent/BE515745A/xx unknown
-
1951
- 1951-11-27 GB GB27824/51A patent/GB732538A/en not_active Expired
-
1952
- 1952-06-18 CH CH307011D patent/CH307011A/fr unknown
- 1952-06-19 DE DES28980A patent/DE1059737B/de active Pending
- 1952-11-14 US US320617A patent/US2722508A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1073432A (en) * | 1912-10-29 | 1913-09-16 | Pascal Marino | Process of preparing electrolytes for use in the deposition of a metal or metallic alloy. |
| US1863869A (en) * | 1929-10-07 | 1932-06-21 | Ternstedt Mfg Co | Electroplating bath |
| US2198365A (en) * | 1938-06-29 | 1940-04-23 | Special Chemicals Corp | Electroplating |
| US2397522A (en) * | 1939-10-25 | 1946-04-02 | City Auto Stamping Co | Process for the electrodeposition of tin alloys |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE515745A (en(2012)) | |
| CH307011A (fr) | 1955-05-15 |
| DE1059737B (de) | 1959-06-18 |
| FR1066712A (en(2012)) | 1954-06-09 |
| GB732538A (en) | 1955-06-29 |
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