Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
  • C11D9/18—Water-insoluble compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the manu facture of soap bars or tablets. More particularly, it relates to the manufacture of hard, filled soaps containing relatively low percentages of total fatty matter.
• hot molten soap may be cooled by passing it, in a fluid condition, as a very thin layer over a strongly cooled surface whereby it is caused to solidify and crystallize practically instantaneously throughout its entire thickness. It is appropriately removed, from the surface by scrapers or equivalent means.
• the solidified soap thus obtained may be molded or compressed into bars or tablets by the aid of a plodder.
• Such treatment may be applied to soap containing from about 60% to 63% of fatty acids or fatty and resinous acids, or may be applied to filled soaps which contain more than the normal quantity of water as well as salts such as sodium silicate, sodium carbonate I filled soap may be rapidly chilled and thereafter the solidified filled soap may be plodded.
• the more conventional liquid fillers such as neutral sodium silicate or mixtures thereof with caustic alkalies, alkali carbonates and water in suitable proportions can be mixed with 63% soap made from relatively hard fat charges, such as charges containing, e. g., 90% palm oil and palm kernel oil, to produce firm plodded filled soaps.
• relatively hard fat charges such as charges containing, e. g., 90% palm oil and palm kernel oil
• Weak solutions of salt or other electrolyte may also be used as fillers when the total fatty matter content is above 50%
• these conventional liquid fillings are used in the preparation of plodded filled soaps containing relatively low percentages of total fatty matter or plodded filled soap made from softer fat charges, the resultant soap bars and tablets are found to be too soft for satisfactory handling.
• sodium aluminum silicate gel to hot molten soap.
• the soap which may then have a total fatty matter content of between about 30% and is then rapidly chilled and the solidified soap is thereafter plodded.
• the sodium aluminum silicate gel may be added to the soap in a number of different ways.
• One such way is to add the sodium aluminum silicate gel, in an already prepared form, directly to the soap.
• Another way is to form the sodium aluminum silicate gel in situ within the soap. This may be accomplished, for example, by adding sodium silicate solution and sodium aluminate solution to the hot molten soap, or by adding the required proportions of such ingredients as aluminum silicate gel or alumina gel, silica gel and caustic soda to form a sodium aluminum silicate gel of the desired composition.
• the proportion of sodium silicate added may be between 3 and 40 parts and that of sodium aluminate between 1 and 10 parts, in which case the amount of soap will vary between 50 and 96 parts.
• the resultant soap may contain up to 50% of sodium aluminum silicate gel.
• One advantage of my invention is that the molten filled soap remains relatively fluid for processing purposes.
• Another advantage is that I am able to produce a filled soap which, due to the filling, has base exchange and water softening properties.
• the product in bar form is quite firm without being overloaded with solid mat rial.
• my novel soap has a good appearance and is relatively free from the undesir able phenomenon of efflorescence, which in most filled soaps is exhibited in various forms ranging from a white bloom to a whiskery or thick furlike surface deposit.
• the alkalinity of the filled soap according to the present invention can be controlled by the relative proportions of the added ingredients. For many purposes it is desirable to avoid excessive alkalinity in the soap. When this object is in view, it is preferred to use a sodium aluminate with a NazO/AlzOs ratio of not greater than 1.5 and a neutral sodium silicate with a SiOz/NazO ratio of 3.2, all such ratios being understood to be molecular proportions. In the mixture of sodium aluminate and neutral sodium silicate, the final SiOa/NazO ratio should preferably not be substantially less than 1.9 unless rather alkaline products are required.
• Example 1 63 parts by weight of a 63% total fatty acids content soap made from a fat charge consisting of 90% palm oil and. 10% palm kernel oil were added to a crutc'h'er in the molten state. Twentyseven parts by weight of 80 Twaddell neutral sodium silicate and 10 parts by weight of a 40% aqueous solution of sodium aluminate having a NazO /Al2O3 ratio of 1.46 were added to the crutcher.
• Example 2 63 parts by weight of a molten 63% total fatty acids content soap made from a fat charge consisting of 80% palm oil and 20% groundnut oil were mixed in a crutcher with 27 parts by weight of 80 Twaddell neutral sodium silicate and 10 parts by weight of a aqueous solution of sodium aluminate having an Na'ZO/AIZOS ratio of 1.46.
• the temperature of the molten mixture was 80 'C.
• the mixture was then chilled to 22 C. in about 1 second over a three-roll, water-cooled mill, Ire-milled over the same mill and plodded under vacuum.
• the bars of filled soap thus obtained contained 41.3% total fatty matter and were of good appearance and somewhat harder than 63%soap bars prepared in a similar manner
• Example 3 The method of Example 1 was repeated, the v amounts of 63% soap, neutral sodium silicate and sodium aluminate being changed, however, to 55,
• Example 4 The method of Example 2 was repeated, the amounts of 63% soap, neutral sodium silicate and sodium aluminate solution being changed, however, to 84, 11.7 and 4.3 parts by weight respectively.
• the resultant molten filled soap was subjected to chilling, milling and plodding as in Example 2.
• the filled soap bar contained 54.8% total fatty matter and was appreciably harder than 63% soap bars prepared by the analogous steps of chilling, milling and vacuum plodding.
• Example 5 Sixty-nine parts by weight of a 63% total fatty acids content soap made from a fat charge consisting of 95% palm oil and 5% rosin were mixed in a crutcher with 22.5 parts by weight of '80 Twaddell neutralasilicate and 8.5 parts by weight of a 40% aqueous solution of 95% sodium aluminate of NazO/AhOs ratio 1.27.
• the molten filled soap thus obtained at a temperature of 83 C. was chilled in about 1 second to 22 C. over a three-roll, water-cooled mill and then plodded under vacuum.
• the bars or filled soap thus obtained contained 45.9% total fatty matter and were of good appearance and substantially equal in hardness to 63% total fatty matter soap bars prepared in a similar manner.
• Example 6 A mixture was made, at a temperature of 76 0., of 27 parts by weight of 80 Twaddell neutral sodium silicate and 10 parts by weight of a 40% aqueous solution of sodium aluininate having a NazO/Alzoa ratio of 1.46. The mixture was stirred until it formed a slurry which was then added to 63 parts by weight of a molten 63% soap made from a fat charge censisting of 9 0% palm oil and 10% palm kernel oil. The mixture was crutched at a temperature of 80 C. for 20 minutes, chilled to 24 C. in about 1 second over a three-r011 Water-cooled mill, milled over a threeroll mill and plodded under vacuum. The bars of filled soap so produced contained 42.3% total fatty matter and were of good appearance and substantially equal in hardness to plodded 63% soap bars.
• One or more steps may be taken to increase the degree to which the filled soap mass is compacted during plodding.
• the filled soap may be worked prior to plodding,
• the said working being carried out by milling or refining.
• the plodding may be carried out at subatmospheric pressure or in the presence of carbon dioxide.
• the steps taken to increase the degree to which the filled soap mass is compressed may also include the step of passing the extruded filled soap bar into an extension tube added to the nozzle of the plodder, the increased resistance of which serves to build up the pressure in the plodder.
• the sodium aluminum silicate filler used in my invention may be used alone or in conjunction with other fillers such as sodium carbonate, starch, sugar, clay and other well-known filler materials.
• a method :of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the steps of chilling hot molten filled soap containing sodium aluminum silicate gel and thereafter plodding the resultant solidified filled soap.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the successive steps of forming sodium aluminum silicate gel in situ within hot molten soap, chilling the molten filled soap and plodding the resultant solidified filled soap.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the successive steps of adding up to about 50% by weight of sodium aluminum silicate gel to hot molten soap, chilling the molten filled soap and plodding the resultant solidified filled soap.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the successive steps of adding to hot molten soap about 3 to 40 parts by weight of 80 TW, neutral sodium silicate having a SiOz/NazO ratio of not substantially less than 3.2 and about 1 to parts by weight of 40% aqueous sodium aluminate, chilling the molten filled soap and plodding the resultant filled soap.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the successive steps of adding to hot molten soap about 1 to 10 parts by weight of 40% aqueous sodium aluminate having a NazO/AlzOs ratio of not greater than about 1.5 and about 3 to 40 parts by weight of 80 Tw. neutral sodium silicate, chilling the hot molten filled soap and plodding the resultant filled soap.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the successive steps of adding to hot molten soap sodium silicate having a SiO2/NazO ratio of not substantially less than 3.2 and sodium aluminate having a Na-zO/AlzOa ratio of not greater than about 1.5 to form a sodium aluminum silicate having a SiO'z/Na2O ratio not substantially less than 1.9, chilling the hot molten filled soap and plodding the resultant filled soap.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the successive steps of adding about 3 to 40 parts by weight of 89 'Iw. neutral sodium silicate and about 1 to 10 parts of 40% aqueous sodium aluminate to about 50 to 96 parts of hot molten soap, chilling the hot molten filled soap and plodding the resultant solidified filled soap.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the successive steps of chilling hot molten filled soap containing sodium aluminum silicate gel, working the resultant solidified filled soap and plodding the worked solidified filled soap.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the steps of chilling hot molten filled soap containing sodium aluminum silicate gel and thereafter plodding the resultant solidified filled soap at sub-atmospheric pressure.
• a method of forming a hard solid filled soap product which includes the successive steps of chilling hot molten filled soap containing sodium aluminum silicate gel, milling the resultant solidified filled soap and plodding the milled. filled soap at subatmospheric pressure.
• a method of forming a hard, solid, filled soap product which includes the successive steps of adding about 3 to 40 parts by weight of Tw. neutral sodium silicate and about 1 to 10 parts of aqueous sodium aluminate to about to 96 parts of hot molten soap to form sodium aluminum silicate gel in situ within the hot molten soap, chilling the molten filled soap, and plodding the resultant solidified filled soap.
• a plodded filled soap containing sodium aluminum silicate gel prepared by the method of claim 1.
• a plodded filled soap containing up to about 50% sodium aluminum silicate gel prepared by the method of claim 1.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

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Cited By (13)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (10)

• 0
  • NL NL75847D patent/NL75847C/xx active
• 1949
  • 1949-07-19 GB GB18946/49A patent/GB688466A/en not_active Expired
• 1950
  • 1950-04-21 US US157410A patent/US2677665A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (10)

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