US2480666A - Transparent metal fabricating lubricant - Google Patents
Transparent metal fabricating lubricant Download PDFInfo
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- US2480666A US2480666A US739654A US73965447A US2480666A US 2480666 A US2480666 A US 2480666A US 739654 A US739654 A US 739654A US 73965447 A US73965447 A US 73965447A US 2480666 A US2480666 A US 2480666A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- ester
- sulfur
- lubricant
- oils
- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 13
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- -1 abietic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVXRPXGVKBHGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N abietic acid methyl ester Natural products C1CC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC3C(C(=O)OC)(C)CCCC3(C)C21 OVXRPXGVKBHGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- OVXRPXGVKBHGQO-UYWIDEMCSA-N methyl (1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(C)C)=CC2=CC[C@H]3[C@@](C(=O)OC)(C)CCC[C@]3(C)[C@H]21 OVXRPXGVKBHGQO-UYWIDEMCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- UZZYXZWSOWQPIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=CC(C=O)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 UZZYXZWSOWQPIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLWWLNJJJCTFMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclanilide Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1NC(=O)C1(C(=O)O)CC1 GLWWLNJJJCTFMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSSCl PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940059904 light mineral oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
- C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09F—NATURAL RESINS; FRENCH POLISH; DRYING-OILS; OIL DRYING AGENTS, i.e. SICCATIVES; TURPENTINE
- C09F1/00—Obtaining purification, or chemical modification of natural resins, e.g. oleo-resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
- C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
- C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
- C07C2603/22—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing only six-membered rings
- C07C2603/26—Phenanthrenes; Hydrogenated phenanthrenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent metal fabricating lubricant. More particularly it relates to cutting oils and the like comprising light colored mineral oils of lubricating grade to which are added extreme pressure agents capable of lubricating under the extreme pressures encountered in machining operations and which also have the desirable characteristics of being light colored and fairly transparent so as not to obscure the operation of the cutting tool or analogous machine element.
- metal fabricating lubricants have consisted generally of sulfurized or sulfur chloride treated mineral oils with or without sulfurized fatty oils and/or soaps and the like.
- Some cutting oils have consisted largely of fatty saponifiable oils sulfurized suitably and used alone or in combination with relatively small amounts of mineral oil in order that high sulfur content might be obtained.
- sulfurized mineral oil 'alone When sulfurized mineral oil 'alone has been employed it usually has been dark 'or black in color.
- a cutting oil using a sulfurized methyl ester of an abietic acid has been known in the prior art but has not been entirely satisfactory because during storage a certain amount of decomposition appears to occur. As a result, a precipitate forms and settles out of the. oil, carrying with it at least a large part of the sulfur.
- esters such as ethyl, propyl and isopropyl may likewise be used if desired.
- esters prepared by using the lower alcohols, particularly those. having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, are sati'sfactory.
- the methyl ester is preferred at prescut" because of its ready availability.
- the ester and sodium sulfonates are heated to about 300 F. in a vessel equipped with a means for mechanical agitation.
- the sulfur is added over a period of five minutes or the sulfur can be metered into the ester in a molten state.
- the temperature is rapidly raised to a suitable temperature, for example 350 F., and held at this temperature until the sulfur is completely reacted with the ester.
- Sulfurization temperatures may be as low as about 250 F. but temperatures of 300 F. to 400 F. are preferred.
- the temperature is quickly lowered from the rapid reaction zone by quenching with the cold mineral oil or by passage through a suitable heat exchanger.
- the base may now be mixed in a suitable concentration, preferably about 10%, with mineral oil to obtain a finished transparent cutting oil, or may be packaged and stored as a base for future finishing.
- a suitable fabricating lubricating oil will consist of '75 to 99% mineral oil to which is added 25 to 1% of the compound described above.
- the additive may be marketed commercially fOr combination with mineral oil by the customer and in such cases it will contain only a small amount of oil, for example, only that amount that was needed for quenching at the end of the sulfurization reaction.
- the oil and additive may be combined at the refinery, in which case mineral oil will normally be the principal constituent of the composition.
- the percentage composition may vary from 5 to about 99% mineral oil, depending on Whether the concentrated additive or the final oil, as actually used in metal fabrication, is being prepared.
- sulfur content may be as much as 20%, whereas it may be as low as 0.5% or less in the finished product.
- methyl ester of ab-ie'tic acid may vary from as much as 85% in the concentrate to as little as about 1% or slightly iess in the finished product. As a rule, however, at least 5% will be used.
- the metal sulfonate which is preferably the sodium mahogany sulfonate, although other oil-soluble sulfonates such as potassium, lithium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum and zinc sulfonates may be used, will vary from as much as in the concentrate to as little as 0.2% or less in the finished product.
- oil-soluble sulfonates such as potassium, lithium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum and zinc sulfonates may be used, will vary from as much as in the concentrate to as little as 0.2% or less in the finished product.
- the figures for the various materials used in dilute oil solution may of course vary considerably, depending in a large measure on the quantity of additive used in the final oil.
- mineral oil instead of mineral oil, lard oil and other known animal and vegetable oils maybe used to replace part or all of the mineral oil. As suggested above, however, it is generally considered desirable to avoid blackening of these oils; hence, they are preferably not added to the h'otreaction product of sulfurization.
- a suitable concentrate composition may consist essentially of 5 to 20% (or parts by weight) sulfur, 40 or 50% and up to or of a methyl abietate or hydroabietate ester such as those described above, and 2 to 15% metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group of metals consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, and aluminum.
- Precipitation data Material Time for Precipitation to show after blending base in a 10% concentration in mineral oil Suliurized methyl ester of abietic acid (as described without sulfonates present).
- a light colored metal fabricating composition consisting essentially of a light colored mineral base lubricating oil containin 1 to 25%, based on the total composition, of a concentrate obtained by combining light mineral oil with 5 to 20 parts by weight of sulfur, 40 to 85 parts of a C1 to C3 alkyl ester of abietic acid, and 2 to parts of a. metal sulfonate, heated to a. temperature of 300 to 400 F. until the sulfur is substantially completely reacted with the ester.
- a transparent cutting oil consisting essentially of 80 to 99% light colored mineral oil, containing to 1% of the reaction product obtained by combining 40 to 85 parts by weight of a methyl ester of abietic acid and 2 to 15 parts of a metal sulfonate, agitating said ester and sulfonate and heating the agitated mixture with 5 to 20 parts of sulfur to 300 to 400 F., and quenching with cold mineral oil.
- a lubricating composition consisting essentially of a light colored mineral base lubricating oil containing 1 to by weight of a load carry- 25 ing additive obtained by combining the following ingredients in the weight proportions indicated:
- said additive being prepared by combining and heating together said ester and sulfonate to a temperature of about 300 F., then adding said sulfur and cooking at a temperature of 300- 400 F. until sulfurization is completed, and thereafter quenching said cooked ingredients in said low cold test oil.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Patent ecl Aug. 30, 1949 TRANSPARENT METAL FABRICATIN G LUBRICANT Arnold J. Morway, Clark, and Hollis .L. Leland,
Cranford, N. 3., assignors to Standard Oil Development Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application April 5, 1947,
Serial No. 739,654 r 5 Claims. 1
The present invention relates to a transparent metal fabricating lubricant. More particularly it relates to cutting oils and the like comprising light colored mineral oils of lubricating grade to which are added extreme pressure agents capable of lubricating under the extreme pressures encountered in machining operations and which also have the desirable characteristics of being light colored and fairly transparent so as not to obscure the operation of the cutting tool or analogous machine element.
In the past metal fabricating lubricants have consisted generally of sulfurized or sulfur chloride treated mineral oils with or without sulfurized fatty oils and/or soaps and the like. Some cutting oils have consisted largely of fatty saponifiable oils sulfurized suitably and used alone or in combination with relatively small amounts of mineral oil in order that high sulfur content might be obtained. When sulfurized mineral oil 'alone has been employed it usually has been dark 'or black in color.
This is true because the clear light colored oils are not suitable for reacting with sulfur to obtain satisfactory extreme pressure properties combined with stability. Also, when fatty oils have been employed, these have usually turned dark at the elevated sulfurization temperatures so that they are relatively opaque. Obviously, dark and relatively opaque oils, whether fatty oils or mineral oils, are objectionable when fine machining operations are being undertaken since they obscure the work from the operator. It therefore, an object of our invention to prepare a transparent cutting or metal fabricating oil base by the sulfurization of an unhydrogenated or partially hydrogenated methyl or ethyl ester of abietic acid and to so treat the compound as to prevent mechanical separation, precipitation or other degeneration or degradation of quality.
A cutting oil using a sulfurized methyl ester of an abietic acid has been known in the prior art but has not been entirely satisfactory because during storage a certain amount of decomposition appears to occur. As a result, a precipitate forms and settles out of the. oil, carrying with it at least a large part of the sulfur.
The precipitate appears to be some reaction product or complex of sulfur and the abietic acid ester. A typical analysis 'of this precipitate shows that it contains sulfur to the extent of about 54%, more or less. Precipitation of this material is obviously undesirable since it materiallyreduces the extreme pressure efficiency of the lubricant. V 7
We have discovered that this undesirable precipitation in oils of the abietic acid ester type can be quite fully and satisfactorily eliminated by the employment of certain oil soluble metallic sulfonates in combination with the abietic acid ester during sulfurization. It appears to be particularly important to combine the sulfonates with the ester prior to sulfurization. We have found that addition of the sulfonates after sulfurization of the abietic acid ester is not effective and. does not prevent the precipitation from occurring- Commercial methyl esters of abietic acid are available on the market and are sold under various trade names. One of these is the methyl ester of abietic acid and another appears to be themethyl ester of dihydroabietic acid or of ftetrahydroabietic acid. The preparation of the .latter type of esters is shown in U. S. Patents 1,877,179 and 1,944,241, issued to I. W. Humphrey. The structural formula of the first of these comf pounds appears to be as follows:
CH; 0 0 0 CH3 "esters such as ethyl, propyl and isopropyl may likewise be used if desired. Thus esters prepared by using the lower alcohols, particularly those. having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, are sati'sfactory. The methyl ester is preferred at prescut" because of its ready availability. Y
While various oil soluble metallic. sulfonates are suitable, such as potassium and calcium sulfonates and the like, we prefer to use the sodium sulfonates as these are readily available, being .formedrby the simple reaction of sodium hydrox- 3 ide with mahogany sulfonic acids obtained from the treatment of crude oils with strong sulfuric acid. A typical formula of our improved metal Methyl ester of abietic acid 77.30
Sodium sulfonates (70% soaps) 4.52 Light colored low cold test Coastal mineral oil (40 seconds viscosity at 210 F.) 9.09
The ester and sodium sulfonates are heated to about 300 F. in a vessel equipped with a means for mechanical agitation. The sulfur is added over a period of five minutes or the sulfur can be metered into the ester in a molten state. The temperature is rapidly raised to a suitable temperature, for example 350 F., and held at this temperature until the sulfur is completely reacted with the ester. Sulfurization temperatures may be as low as about 250 F. but temperatures of 300 F. to 400 F. are preferred. When the suliurization is completed, generally within 50 minutes, the temperature is quickly lowered from the rapid reaction zone by quenching with the cold mineral oil or by passage through a suitable heat exchanger. The base may now be mixed in a suitable concentration, preferably about 10%, with mineral oil to obtain a finished transparent cutting oil, or may be packaged and stored as a base for future finishing.
In general, a suitable fabricating lubricating oil will consist of '75 to 99% mineral oil to which is added 25 to 1% of the compound described above. The additive may be marketed commercially fOr combination with mineral oil by the customer and in such cases it will contain only a small amount of oil, for example, only that amount that was needed for quenching at the end of the sulfurization reaction. On the other hand, the oil and additive may be combined at the refinery, in which case mineral oil will normally be the principal constituent of the composition.
Hence the percentage composition may vary from 5 to about 99% mineral oil, depending on Whether the concentrated additive or the final oil, as actually used in metal fabrication, is being prepared. In the case of the concentrate, sulfur content may be as much as 20%, whereas it may be as low as 0.5% or less in the finished product. Likewise the methyl ester of ab-ie'tic acid may vary from as much as 85% in the concentrate to as little as about 1% or slightly iess in the finished product. As a rule, however, at least 5% will be used. In a similar manner the metal sulfonate, which is preferably the sodium mahogany sulfonate, although other oil-soluble sulfonates such as potassium, lithium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum and zinc sulfonates may be used, will vary from as much as in the concentrate to as little as 0.2% or less in the finished product. The figures for the various materials used in dilute oil solution may of course vary considerably, depending in a large measure on the quantity of additive used in the final oil.
Instead of mineral oil, lard oil and other known animal and vegetable oils maybe used to replace part or all of the mineral oil. As suggested above, however, it is generally considered desirable to avoid blackening of these oils; hence, they are preferably not added to the h'otreaction product of sulfurization. I
'The amount of oil in the concentrate obviously may be varied between rather wide limits. A suitable concentrate composition may consist essentially of 5 to 20% (or parts by weight) sulfur, 40 or 50% and up to or of a methyl abietate or hydroabietate ester such as those described above, and 2 to 15% metal sulfonate, the metal being selected from the group of metals consisting of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, and aluminum.
Test data actually obtained in connection with working out details of our invention are shown below.
Precipitation data Material Time for Precipitation to show after blending base in a 10% concentration in mineral oil Suliurized methyl ester of abietic acid (as described without sulfonates present).
Sulfurized ester as above (Same concentration of sulfonates as given but added after the sulfurization).
Sulfurized ester as above (Sulfurized with sulfonate present) Large precipitation of solid material after less than one week standing at room temperature.
No preeipitaton after 3 months standing at room temperature or 0 1'. with warming to room temperature once a week and allowing to stand for 25 hours.
Inspection data. on finished fabricating oil of present invention 10% base dissolved in 90% low cold test mineral oil (38.0 vis./2l0 F.)
Rough cut: Turn "'thread 0.013".
Fin-ish'cut: Skin out.
The performance of the oil described in this application was entirely satisfactory and performed comparably with a premium non-transparent black fabricating oil. It 'had the obvious and important advantage of transparency. The
tool life could not be judged exactly becausesand holes were present in "the castings; however, over the test period, the tool life averaged about the same as with a'likeperi'od on the premium grade black opaque oil of the prior art. The finish of the Work was slightly improved over that with the black oil. The machine tool operator who tested the two products was particularly pleased with lack of odor and the transparency of the oil. The oil did not darken after continuous'us'e over a period of one m'onth-andequally satisfacto'ry finish, tool life, and machine speed were obtained at the end of the test period as at'ithe start.
'1. A light colored metal fabricating composition consisting essentially of a light colored mineral base lubricating oil containin 1 to 25%, based on the total composition, of a concentrate obtained by combining light mineral oil with 5 to 20 parts by weight of sulfur, 40 to 85 parts of a C1 to C3 alkyl ester of abietic acid, and 2 to parts of a. metal sulfonate, heated to a. temperature of 300 to 400 F. until the sulfur is substantially completely reacted with the ester.
2. A lubricant as described in claim 1 wherein said ester is methyl abietate.
3. A lubricant as described in claim 1 wherein said ester is methyl hydroabietate.
4. A transparent cutting oil consisting essentially of 80 to 99% light colored mineral oil, containing to 1% of the reaction product obtained by combining 40 to 85 parts by weight of a methyl ester of abietic acid and 2 to 15 parts of a metal sulfonate, agitating said ester and sulfonate and heating the agitated mixture with 5 to 20 parts of sulfur to 300 to 400 F., and quenching with cold mineral oil.
5. A lubricating composition consisting essentially of a light colored mineral base lubricating oil containing 1 to by weight of a load carry- 25 ing additive obtained by combining the following ingredients in the weight proportions indicated:
Per cent Flowers of sulfur 9.09 Methyl ester of abietic acid 77.30 Sodium sulfonates (70% soaps) 4.52 Light colored low cold test Coastal mineral oil seconds viscosity at 210 F.) 9.09
said additive being prepared by combining and heating together said ester and sulfonate to a temperature of about 300 F., then adding said sulfur and cooking at a temperature of 300- 400 F. until sulfurization is completed, and thereafter quenching said cooked ingredients in said low cold test oil.
ARNOLD J. MORWAY.
HOLLIS L. LELAND.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,220,843 Johnson Nov. 5, 1940 2,271,947 Morway Feb. 3, 1942 2,289,438 Knowles July 14, 1942 2,418,894 McNab Apr. 15, 1947
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR963504D FR963504A (en) | 1947-04-05 | ||
US739654A US2480666A (en) | 1947-04-05 | 1947-04-05 | Transparent metal fabricating lubricant |
GB7235/48A GB646187A (en) | 1947-04-05 | 1948-03-09 | Transparent metal fabricating lubricant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US739654A US2480666A (en) | 1947-04-05 | 1947-04-05 | Transparent metal fabricating lubricant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2480666A true US2480666A (en) | 1949-08-30 |
Family
ID=24973251
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US739654A Expired - Lifetime US2480666A (en) | 1947-04-05 | 1947-04-05 | Transparent metal fabricating lubricant |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2480666A (en) |
FR (1) | FR963504A (en) |
GB (1) | GB646187A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2631131A (en) * | 1950-04-19 | 1953-03-10 | Tide Water Associated Oil Comp | Stabilized compositions containing sulfurized esters of tall oil |
US3498915A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1970-03-03 | Lubrizol Corp | Sulfurized diels-alder adducts and lubricants containing the same |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2220843A (en) * | 1937-10-19 | 1940-11-05 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
US2271947A (en) * | 1936-12-31 | 1942-02-03 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Metal fabricating lubricant |
US2289438A (en) * | 1940-09-28 | 1942-07-14 | Texas Co | Sulphurization of esters |
US2418894A (en) * | 1944-12-09 | 1947-04-15 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Compounded lubricating oil |
-
0
- FR FR963504D patent/FR963504A/fr not_active Expired
-
1947
- 1947-04-05 US US739654A patent/US2480666A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1948
- 1948-03-09 GB GB7235/48A patent/GB646187A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2271947A (en) * | 1936-12-31 | 1942-02-03 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Metal fabricating lubricant |
US2220843A (en) * | 1937-10-19 | 1940-11-05 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
US2289438A (en) * | 1940-09-28 | 1942-07-14 | Texas Co | Sulphurization of esters |
US2418894A (en) * | 1944-12-09 | 1947-04-15 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Compounded lubricating oil |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2631131A (en) * | 1950-04-19 | 1953-03-10 | Tide Water Associated Oil Comp | Stabilized compositions containing sulfurized esters of tall oil |
US3498915A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1970-03-03 | Lubrizol Corp | Sulfurized diels-alder adducts and lubricants containing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB646187A (en) | 1950-11-15 |
FR963504A (en) | 1950-07-17 |
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