US2271947A

US2271947A - Metal fabricating lubricant

Info

Publication number: US2271947A
Application number: US310550A
Authority: US
Inventors: Arnold J Morway; John C Zimmer
Original assignee: Standard Oil Development Co
Current assignee: Standard Oil Development Co
Priority date: 1936-12-31
Filing date: 1939-12-22
Publication date: 1942-02-03
Anticipated expiration: 1959-02-03

Description

Patented Feb. 3, 1942 METAL FABRICA'HNGL Q I Arnold' J. Morway, Clark Township, "Union ty, n Jflhl'l C- Zimmer, Union N J assignors to Standard Oil Development Com pany, a corporation of Delaware NoDr-awing. Original applioationDecember 31,

1936, Serial No .-118,566. j pividediand this ape plication December 22, 1939, Serial No.f3l0 ,'55

4 Claims. (OL- 2601-:100);

The present invention relates to improvements in the artwofhproducing lubricating oils and more specifically to oils capable of withstanding heavy loads such 'asare used in the cutting'of metals and other types of metal fabrication and likewise for power transmission oils, gear oils and the like.

fully understood from the following description.

The invention will be This application is a division of our Serial No. 118,566, filed December 31, 1936', now Patent No. 2,217,764, patented Oct. 10, 1940.

For many years it has been recognized that organic materials, such as fatty and mineral oils, could be sulfurized and that the sulfurized materials had very high load bearing capacity,

particularly for steel to steel bearings, gears and the like. The sulfurization has ordinarily been carried out in either of two Ways, for example, by cooking elementary sulfur into the oil or by treatment of the oil with a sulfur chloride. Both of these methods have objections, namely, if the reaction is vigorous enough to bind a larg amount of sulfur into the oil permanently, it is found that the oil is badly discolored, While if less vigorous action is used the amount of sulfur taken up by the oil is not sufficient, and moreover the sulfur is not permanently bound and continues to settle from the oil during storage and use.

It has been found that one class of organic compounds are much superior to others which have been treated because of the fact that a sufiicient amount of sulfur can be incorporated in order to give valuable load bearing capacity,

and at the same time there would be little or no darkening in color, with the result that a suitable compound is produced which is clear and transparent.

The particular class of substances referred to comprises the abietic acid compounds which include not only abietic acid itself but also esters of the acid such as aliphatic alcoholic esters, and also aromatic esters such as phenolic esters.

Abieticlacid, as is well known, is obtained from.

colophony or resin, but it contains certain impurities of a tarry natur Which-should be removed in order to get a clean clear product. These materials may be removed in a variety of different ways such as by careful vacuum distillation, but the extraction processes are the most desirable and an excellent product can be obtained by extraction of rosin with propane, butane, pentane, or mixtures of these hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons may be used to purify the abietic acid from the crude rosin by 5 orthe' rosin'may be 'completely'dissolved at 'a more"-elevated temperature and by reduction of temperature thetarry ni'aterials may be precipitated and thus separated from the abietic acid which is retained in solution' Partially hydrogenated abietic acid compounds mayalso be used.

It has been generally stated that alcoholic "esters of abieti'c acid maybeuse'd. It is preferred to use 'monobasic' aliphatic alcohols for this purpose, such'as methyl, ethyl, the propyl and the'butyl alcohols; but cyclo alcohols may also be used, such as cyclohexanol, or aromatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol, or phenols, such as the ordinary phenol, cresols, or various naphthols. Glycolie esters or glycerides of the hydrogenated acid may also be used, but generally the monobasic alkyl esters are preferable.

After the purified abietic acid compound has been obtained it is sulfurizedby either of the two methods referred ,to'above. If elementary,

sulfur is used,5 to 15%, say about 10%, is usu-,

ally added to the ester or acid as the case may be and the mixture is heated to about 350 F. and maintained at this temperature until the reaction is completed. When sulfur chloride is used for sulfurization, it is ordinarily added in the proportion of about 10 to 15% to the abietic acid compound, and the mixture isheated to about 250 F. which is sufiicient for reaction. The mixture should be kept in agitation, and in order to remove the chlorine, air or other gas may be blown through the mixture while in a heated condition. If chlorine is not objectionable for the particular use intended, a small amount may be allowed to remain.

The sulfurized stock produced by either of the above methods may be used directly as a compounding agent for gear oils or other oils, particularly those used in metal fabrication. The

sulfurized material is a clean, clear, transparent, viscous oil which has not darkened appreciably and will not darken to any substantial extent on standing. Furthermore, itwill be found that a. substantial quantity of sulfur may be so incorporated and that it is in stable condition". No separationof sulfur occurs. This material may be added to any type of petroleum oils without detriment to color or general appearance, except, of course, in the case of the so-called white oils. Those particular products are water white in color and will, of course, be given a yellow appearance.

dissolving the "abietic acid from the impurities Example I milky. This milky appearance disappeared on reheating to room temperature.

Example II The methyl ester of abietic acid was heated with sulfur monochloride at 250 F. The product foamed largely but the reaction was not too vigorous to be controlled. deep red. On adding 10% to a lubricating oil, agood extreme pressure oil was obtained, of good color and capable of carrying a shock load of 11 weights on the Almen machine. This product was a. good transparent cutting oil.

Example III The product was made as in Example II except that 15% sulfur monochloride was used and 5 parts of a heavy saturated rubber-like hydrocarbon polymer was added to the ester before addition of the S2012. The reaction was quite violent but the final mixture was similar to that of Ex- This product is a ample II except somewhat darker. A 10% solution in mineral oil carried 13 weights shock load on the Almen machine.

The invention claimed is:

1. The method of preparing a new composition of matter comprising the steps in combination of partially hydrogenating an abietic acid substance selected from the group consisting of abietic acid and abietic acid esters, and sulfurizing the hydrogenated, abietic acid substance at temperatures between 250 F. and 350 F.

2. The method of preparing a new composition of matter comprising the steps of partially hydrogenating an abietic acid substance selected from the group consisting of abietic acid and abietic acid esters and sulfur chloridizing the hydrogenated, abietic acid substance at temperatures between 250 F. and 350 F.

3. A composition of matter comprising an abietic acid substance selected from the group consistingof abietic acid and abietic acid esters characterized by a hydrogen content higher than the ordinary substance but less than complete saturation with hydrogen; and the presence of combined sulfur chloride.

4. A composition of matter comprising a methyl ester of abietic acid containing additional hydrogen, less than sufiicientfor complete saturation and combined sulfur chloride.

ARNOLD J. MORWAY. JOHN C. ZIMMER.