US2096675A - Photographic film - Google Patents

Photographic film Download PDF

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Publication number
US2096675A
US2096675A US27409A US2740935A US2096675A US 2096675 A US2096675 A US 2096675A US 27409 A US27409 A US 27409A US 2740935 A US2740935 A US 2740935A US 2096675 A US2096675 A US 2096675A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
support
film
sub
emulsion
gelatin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US27409A
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English (en)
Inventor
George S Babcock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE416158D priority Critical patent/BE416158A/xx
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US27409A priority patent/US2096675A/en
Priority to US27916A priority patent/US2096617A/en
Priority to US27915A priority patent/US2096616A/en
Priority to BE413245D priority patent/BE413245A/xx
Priority to FR800517D priority patent/FR800517A/fr
Priority to GB1131/36A priority patent/GB470565A/en
Priority to DEK140724D priority patent/DE711190C/de
Priority to FR49753D priority patent/FR49753E/fr
Priority to DE1936K0142508 priority patent/DE697157C/de
Priority to GB16911/36A priority patent/GB477153A/en
Priority to GB16912/36A priority patent/GB478357A/en
Priority to FR47560D priority patent/FR47560E/fr
Priority to GB17353/36A priority patent/GB477289A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2096675A publication Critical patent/US2096675A/en
Priority to US173020A priority patent/US2135524A/en
Priority to DEK150321D priority patent/DE713839C/de
Priority to GB11237/38A priority patent/GB513694A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means
    • G03C1/93—Macromolecular substances therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/795—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of macromolecular substances

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic materials and more particularly to photographic film having a high degree of flexibility and satisfactory emulsion adherence in which an improved type of substratum or undercoat is employed between the light-sensitive emulsion and the film support.
  • gelatin emulsions which are colloidal solutions or dispersions of gelatin in water
  • gelatin emulsions cannot be made to adhere directly to a cellulose derivative support, because water will not wet this type of surface. It is accordingly necessary to apply to the cellulose derivative support a thin layer, substratum, or su as it is generally called, of gelatin in order to provide a surface to which the emulsion will stick.
  • a gelatin emulsion will not adhere to the support, a gelatin sub can be made to adhere if it is applied from a subbing solution containing solvents which, not only wet, but su- 0 perficially attack, soften, or swell the cellulose derivative material and thus assist in anchoring the gelatin thereto.
  • the emulsion and gel sub tend to merge and form what, for 5 1 all intents and purposes, may be considered a single continuous gelatin layer on the film, and that the degree of adherence of the emulsion to the support is dependent upon the degree of adherence of the gel sub to the support or to the interve'ning substrata if any.
  • This adherence of the gel sub is controlled in practice by controlling the "strength of the gel subbing solution, that is, the solvent or softening power of the subbing solution on the cellulose derivative material or intervening substrata.
  • a strong gel subbing solution is, accordingly, one which has a relatively strong solvent, softening or swelling action on the support material and causes the deposited gel sub to adhere tenaciously thereto, while a weak subbing solution is one which is only weakly solvent with respect to the support material and will cause the deposited gelatin coating to adhere only slightly.
  • the stronger the gel subbing solution the greater will be the degree of adherence of the sub to the support and the greater 0 the brittleness of the completed film.
  • the problem of obtaining proper adherence ofthe emulsion without an undue increase in brittleness is a difficult one, especially when dealing with the so-called safety types of films in which the support is formed from a cellulose organic derivative, such as cellulose acetate.
  • cellulose organic derivative such as cellulose acetate
  • a further object is to provide an improved type of safety film .in which flexibility is rendered completely independent of the degree of adherence between the emulsion and the underlying substrata.
  • a specific object is to provide a film having a colloid-resin mixed sub between the light-sensitive gelatin layer and the film base or support. Other objects will appear hereinafter.
  • the film support is subbed or coated with a thin layer consisting essentially of a mixture of a colloidal material such as gelatin and a glyptal resin
  • subbing solutions of widely varying strength may be employed in the subbing operation and the gelatin emulsion may be bound to the mixed gelatin-resin sub or other substrata as tightly as desired without giving rise to brittleness of the finished photographic film as a whole.
  • the use of gelatinglyptal mixed subs renders the matter of fiexibility of such films substantially independent of the degree of adherence existing between the emulsion and the underlying substrata.
  • a mixed gelatin-glyptal sub may be used alone to take the place of the various substrata heretofore employed, since it is compatible with and can be made to stick to the cellulose derivative material of the film base or support and is of such character that the gelatin emulsion will readily adhere thereto. In some cases it may be desirable to employ this mixed type of sub in connection with other substrata or undercoats as will more fully'appear hereinafter.
  • the glyptal resins when used in accordance with the invention herein described, are entirely compatible with the material of the film base and are also compatible with the photographic emulsion, in that they do not fog or reduce the sensitivity thereof, or adversely affect any of the various processing steps to which the film is subjected during development.
  • Fig. 1 is a section through the body of a completed photographic film produced in accordance with my invention and comprising a single colloid-resin sub underlying the emulsion.
  • Fig. 2 is a section through another modification in which a cellulose derivative undercoat has been employed underneath a mixed sub.
  • Fig. 3 is a section through a modification in which a cellulose-derivative-resin mixed layer has been used as an undercoat and a gel sub laid over the undercoat.
  • Fig. 4 is a further modification in which a cel- 'lulose-derivative-resin mixed undercoat has been employed in connection with a gel-resin mixed sub.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the manner of carrying out a brittleness test as described herein.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the behavior of a relatively brittle film when subjected to the test illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6.
  • Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 illustrate the behavior of films such as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, when subjected to the brittleness test.
  • the film base or support which is preferably composed of a cellulose organic ester material, such as cellulose acetate or cellulose acetate propionate, is subbed or coated with an extremely thin layer of a colloid-resin mixture, such as a gelatin-glyptal resin mixture.
  • the resin to be employed in this mixed sub is preferably a glyptal resin (sometimes sold under the trade name Rezyl). These resins are the products formed by reacting a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerin, with a polybasic acid, such as phthalic acid or its anhydride.
  • the colloidal component of the mixed sub is preferably gelatin, although it may. be a cellulose derivative, such as cellulose acetate or similar colloidal materials which are compatible with the material of the film base to which they are applied.
  • the subbing operation may be carried out by any convenient technique well known to those skilled in the art of film making.
  • the material may, for example, be applied from a 3 5% solution of the solid material in appropriate solvents. After drying, the usual light-sensitive. gelatino silver halide emulsion may be coated directly onto the gelatin-glyptal-subbed surface to which it strongly adheres.
  • the application of the gelatin-resin mixture to the film support may be accomplished by any of the subbing operations well known to the art, such as immersion, bead application, or otherwise.
  • the material may be subbed on one or both sides, depending upon the type of film being produced. For example, in making X-ray film the emulsion is deposited on both sides of the support. In producing this type of film in accordance with my invention the support is subbed on both sides with the gelatin-resin mixture and the emulsion coated on both the subbed surfaces.
  • Example 1 In producing a film in accordance with one form of my invention, a support consisting of a sheet or film of cellulose acetate is led through 'an immersion type hopper containing a solution prepared as indicated below.
  • a gelatin solution is made up having the following composition:
  • a glyptal resin for example, a resin such as that sold under the trade names Bakelite BR51 or Bakelite BB6? 1.
  • the support after leaving the subbing apparatus is led through an appropriate drying apparatus maintained at a temperature of 120-200 F. where the solvents are evaporated from the surface of the material, with the result that a strongly adherent gelatin-resin layer of approximately .00008 inch in thickness is formed.
  • An appropriate gelatino-silver halide emulsion coating is then applied in the usual manner, thus completing the film.
  • a film produced as outlined above is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • Example 2 Percent Cellulose acetate (69 precipitation value- 29 second viscosity by the dropping ball method) 2-6 Acetone 7'7 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 21-17
  • the coated film is then dried at approximately 120 F. producing thereon an extremely thin tightly adhering acetate layer, after which the film is subbed with a gelatin-glyptal resi solution such as described in Example 1, dried and finally coated with emulsion as in that example.
  • the resulting product is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • a cellulose acetate of low precipitation value (of the order of 69%) because of. the greater ease of subsequent subbing with gelatin solutions as contrasted, for example, to an acetate of precipitation value, although I do not exclude the use of the latter material nor of other types of acetate.
  • the advantage of using the lower precipitation value material lies in the fact, which I have discovered, that it is easier to cause a gelatin-containing composition, such as the gelatin-resin mixture herein described or other gelatin subbing compositions, to adhere to a cellulose acetate surface of 69%' precipitation value, for example, than to one composed of an acetate of 90% precipitation value.
  • Example 3 method 3.0 Glyptal resin (Bakelite BR51) 1.5 Acetone (or Methyl Cellosolve) 75.5 Ethyl alcohol 20.0
  • the coated support is dried as in the previous examples, after which it is subbed with a solution, I
  • the support is then' coated with emuls on, resulting in a product such" as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • Example 4 in a still further modification of my invention I may employ a resin as a component of both the cellulose acetate undercoat and the gelatin sub.
  • a cellulose acetate support for example, is coated with a cellulose acetate-resin composition of the type given in Example 3. After drying, the coated surface is subbed with a gelatin-resin composition of the type indicated in Example 1. ing this coating, the emulsion coating is deposited on the subbed surface as before, the result being illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • the material of the support may be composed of any suitable cellulose organic derivative material, such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, or a mixed cellulose organic ester, such as cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate stearate, and the like.
  • suitable cellulose organic derivative material such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, or a mixed cellulose organic ester, such as cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate stearate, and the like.
  • the invention relates primarily to the manufacture of the so-called safety types of photographic film in which the support is composed of a relatively non-inflammable material, such as the cellulose organic esters, since it is with this type of material that the problem of brittleness is most severe.
  • a relatively non-inflammable material such as the cellulose organic esters
  • gelatinor other colloidresin mixed subs as herein described, may be applied with equal success to products, such as portrait film, in which a coating of gelatin is deposited on the surface opposite the emulsion coating to give greater flatness to the film or X-ray film which is geland emulsion-coated on both surfaces.
  • the dry stripping test is carried out as follows: A piece of the complete emulsion-coated film of a convenient size, say, 6 inches wide by 40 inches long, is held at one end with both hands with the emulsion side toward the operator and is then torn lengthwise with successive quick motions of one hand, the tearing generally being carried out at a slight angle to the edge of the strip in order to obtain an oblique tear. The tears thus produced are more or less jagged. An attempt is now made to pull back the emulsion coating from the film with the fingernails and the degree to which the emulsion separates from the support is a measure of its adherence.
  • emulsion adherence is said tobe satisfactory for X-ray film if the emulsion cannot be stripped back more than three or four inches.
  • stripping should not be greater than about A, of an inch.
  • the wet stripping test is carried out as follows: A strip of the emulsion-coated film of convenient size is soaked in water at 70 F. for ten minutes. It is then removed from the water and fixed on a flat surface with the emulsion side up. The emulsion is then gouged or creased with the fingernails at points near the middle and end of the strip, each nail scratch tearing the emulsion away from the support to a certain extent. The scratched placed are then rubbed with considerable iorce with the balls of the fingertips for several seconds. A film is said to have satisfactory wet stripping (emulsion adherence) properties when no peeling, or substantially no peeling, of the emulsion occurs as a result of this rubbing action. Wet stripping is said to be unsatisfactory when an appreciable or large amount of the emulsion comes off. For most types of film it should not be possible to remove pieces wider than inch by this test. I
  • the test customarily employed for determining the brittleness of X-ray and portrait film is carried out as follows: A strip of film of convenient size is heated for forty-five minutes in a brittleness oven in which air having a controlled rela tive humidity of 20-25% and a temperature of 110-120 F, is circulated. The film is then removed from the oven and folded at ten different places along the strip by pressing the fold suddenly between the forefinger and the thumb. If the film is brittle, this sudden folding will cause it to break or snap in two at the fold.
  • the fiexibility maybe defined in terms of freedom from brittleness which may be figured directly in percentages from the results of the test. For example, a film is said to be 60% free from brittleness if it ruptures at only four out of ten folds.
  • Another test for brittleness customarily applied to Cine film consists in heating a sample of the film at -100 C. for one hour, after which the film is folded between the thumb and finger in several places, with the emulsion side up. If a break occurs all the way across, the film is said to be brittle. If the break extends only half way across, the film is said to be slightly brittle, while if the break does not extend more than a quarter of the way across, the film is said to be very slightly brittle. If no break occurs, the film is non-brittle.
  • Fig. 1 I have illustrated a section through a photographic film of the so-called safety type produced substantially in accordance with Example 1 above, in which the letter A designates a cellulose derivative support composed of cellulose acetate, for example.
  • the letter A designates a cellulose derivative support composed of cellulose acetate, for example.
  • superimposed on and tightly adhering thereto is an extremely thin undercoat or substratum B composed of a mixed colloid-resin sub, such as a mixture of gelatin and a glyptal or alkyd resin, this undercoat being approximately .00008 inch in thickness.
  • D is the final gelatino-silver-halide emulsion layer which adheres tightly to the mixed sub B.
  • Fig. 2 represents a film structure prepared substantially as described in Example 2 and differing from that of Fig. 1, in that the film base A has deposited thereon an extremely thin undercoat C of low precipitation value cellulose acetate.
  • the mixed gelatin-resin sub B of substantially the same thickness as the undercoat, is deposited on, and adheres closely to, the undercoat C.
  • Fig. 3 represents a film structure in which the support or film base A is first provided with an undercoat F comprising a mixture of cellulose acetate and a resin.
  • an undercoat F comprising a mixture of cellulose acetate and a resin.
  • a gelatin sub E of the customary type is deposited upon the mixed acetate-resin undercoat F, the emulsion D being applied as in the previous modifications.
  • Fig. 4 I have illustrated a still further modification of my invention in which the film base A is first provided with a mixed cellulose acetateresin undercoat F upon which is deposited the mixed gelatin-resin sub B, followed by the emulsion D.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate graphically the manner of carrying out the brittleness test above referred to.
  • the film A after removal from the brittleness oven, is folded at a given place into the form of a short loop, the gelatin layer D being outermost. This loop is then closed by means of the forefinger and thumb, the pressure being applied as suddenly as possible in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 6.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 there are illustrated the results obtained when a prior art type of photographic film is subjected to the test illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6.
  • This film comprises a support A, a tightly adhering cellulose derivative undercoat 2: over the support, a gel sub Y over the cellulose derivative undercoat, and an emulsion layer D over the gel sub. It will be seen that the crack starting in the emulsion penetrates through the sub layer Y, the undercoat x, and goes on into the material of the support. This crack almost invariably continues on through the support with the result shown in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the results obtained when a film prepared, for example, as described in Example 1 and employing the colloid-resin undercoats of my invention is subjected to the test illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. Contrary to what would normally be expected, it is found that, notwithstanding the fact that the mixed gelatinresin sub B has been bound tightly to the film base A and the emulsion D has been likewise tightly bound to the sub 3, the crack starting in the two upper layers is not transmitted through the body of the film base. Corresponding results are obtained when the film structures of Figs. 2, 3, and 4 prepared, respectively, in accordance with Examples 2, 3, and 4 above, are subjected to this same test.
  • films produced in accordance with my invention respond satisfactorily to both the wet'and dry stripping tests above described.
  • one of the outstanding features of my invention is the fact that the adherence of the emulsion may be regulated without regard to the flexibility of the film.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic derivative support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a resin.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory fiexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic derivative support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a synthetic resin.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic derivative support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined'to the support by an intervening layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a polybasic acid-polyhydric alcohol resin.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic derivative support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and an alkyd resin.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising. a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite layer comprising an extremely thin cellulose derivative sub adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and resin adhesively joined to the cellulose derivative sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory fiexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite layer comprising an extremely thin cellulose derivative sub adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a synthetic resin adhesively joined to the cellulose derivative sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory fiexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite layer comprising an extremely thin cellulose derivative sub adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a polybasic acid-polyhydric alcohol resin adhesively joined to the cellulose derivative sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by a composite layer comprising an extremely thin cellulose derivative sub adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and an alkyd resin adhesively joined to the cellulose derivative sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory fiexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose acetate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin cellulose acetate sub adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and resin adhesively joined to the cellulose acetate sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of a cellulose organic acid ester and a resin adhesively joined to the support and a gel sub adhesively joined to the mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of a cellulose organic acid ester and a synthetic resin adhesively joined to the support and a gel sub adhesively joined to the mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic fllm having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of a cellulose organic acid ester and a polybasic acid-polyhydric alcohol resin adhesively joined to the support and a gel sub adhesively joined to the mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose acetate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of cellulose acetate and a resin adhesively joined to the support and a gel sub adhesively joined to the mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose acetate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of cellulose acetate and a synthetic resin adhesively joined to the support and a gel sub adhesively joined to the mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a fully esterified cellulose acetate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer composed of an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of low precipitation value cellulose acetate and a polybasic acid-polyhydric alcohol resin adhesively joined to the support and a gel sub adhesively joined to the mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of a posed of a mixture of a cellulose organic acid ester and a synthetic resin adhesivelyjoined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a synthetic resin adhesively joined to the first named mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose organic acid ester support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of a cellulose organic acid ester and a polybasic acid-polyhydric alcohol resin adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a polybasic acid-polyhydric alcohol resin adhesively joined to the first named mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose acetate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of cellulose acetate and a resin adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a resin adhesively joined to the first named mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose acetate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of cellulose acetate and a synthetic resin adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a resin adhesively joined to the first named mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.
  • a photographic film having satisfactory flexibility and free from brittleness comprising a cellulose acetate support and a photographically sensitive colloid layer adhesively joined to the support by an intervening composite layer comprising an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of cellulose acetate and a. polybasic acid-polyhydric alcohol resin adhesively joined to the support and an extremely thin sub composed of a mixture of gelatin and a polybasic acid-polyhydric alcohol resin adhesively joined to the first named mixed sub and to the sensitive colloid layer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
  • Polyethers (AREA)
US27409A 1935-01-12 1935-06-19 Photographic film Expired - Lifetime US2096675A (en)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE416158D BE416158A (de) 1935-01-12
US27409A US2096675A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-19 Photographic film
US27916A US2096617A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-22 Manufacture of photographic film
US27915A US2096616A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-22 Manufacture of photographic film
BE413245D BE413245A (de) 1935-01-12 1936-01-10
FR800517D FR800517A (fr) 1935-01-12 1936-01-10 Perfectionnements à la fabrication des films photographiques
GB1131/36A GB470565A (en) 1935-01-12 1936-01-13 Improvements in and relating to photographic films
DEK140724D DE711190C (de) 1935-01-12 1936-01-14 Photographischer Film und Verfahren zur Herstellung
FR49753D FR49753E (fr) 1935-01-12 1936-06-07 Perfectionnements à la fabrication des films photographiques
DE1936K0142508 DE697157C (de) 1935-01-12 1936-06-11 Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit photographischer Emulsionen, besondersauf sogenannten Sicherheitsfilmen
GB16911/36A GB477153A (en) 1935-01-12 1936-06-17 Improvements in and relating to photographic films
GB16912/36A GB478357A (en) 1935-01-12 1936-06-17 Improvements in and relating to photographic films
FR47560D FR47560E (fr) 1935-01-12 1936-06-19 Perfectionnements à la fabrication des films photographiques
GB17353/36A GB477289A (en) 1935-01-12 1936-06-22 Improvements in and relating to photographic films
US173020A US2135524A (en) 1935-01-12 1937-11-05 Subbing photographic film
DEK150321D DE713839C (de) 1935-01-12 1938-04-11 Photographischer Film
GB11237/38A GB513694A (en) 1935-01-12 1938-04-12 Improvements in or relating to photographic film

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US154735A 1935-01-12 1935-01-12
US27409A US2096675A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-19 Photographic film
US27916A US2096617A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-22 Manufacture of photographic film
US27915A US2096616A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-22 Manufacture of photographic film
US173020A US2135524A (en) 1935-01-12 1937-11-05 Subbing photographic film

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US2096675A true US2096675A (en) 1937-10-19

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US27409A Expired - Lifetime US2096675A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-19 Photographic film
US27915A Expired - Lifetime US2096616A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-22 Manufacture of photographic film
US27916A Expired - Lifetime US2096617A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-22 Manufacture of photographic film
US173020A Expired - Lifetime US2135524A (en) 1935-01-12 1937-11-05 Subbing photographic film

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US27915A Expired - Lifetime US2096616A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-22 Manufacture of photographic film
US27916A Expired - Lifetime US2096617A (en) 1935-01-12 1935-06-22 Manufacture of photographic film
US173020A Expired - Lifetime US2135524A (en) 1935-01-12 1937-11-05 Subbing photographic film

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (4) US2096675A (de)
BE (2) BE413245A (de)
DE (3) DE711190C (de)
FR (3) FR800517A (de)
GB (5) GB470565A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2632715A (en) * 1949-03-08 1953-03-24 Eastman Kodak Co Process of subbing cellulose ester sheet material and product thereof
US2698239A (en) * 1951-01-20 1954-12-28 Du Pont Photographic films
US3054673A (en) * 1958-02-19 1962-09-18 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Non-curling film
US3178378A (en) * 1960-05-31 1965-04-13 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Subbing layer for hydrophobic, dimensionally stable, inert-surfaced photographic filmbase

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE753825C (de) * 1940-12-25 1952-10-20 Schallband Syndikat A G Verfahren zur Herstellung von Baendern fuer mechanische Schallaufnahmen
BE553003A (fr) * 1951-03-17 1956-12-15 Mondiacolor S A Procédé photomécanique pour préparer des supports mosaïques multicolores utilisables pour la photographie et cinématographie additive en couleur et produits en résultant
US2670288A (en) * 1951-11-30 1954-02-23 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic tracing cloth
BE540225A (de) * 1954-08-20
DE1016871B (de) * 1955-03-05 1957-10-03 Theysohn & Heumach K G Verfahren zum Verkleben von Gegenstaenden aus Polyaethylen
BE566602A (de) * 1957-04-15
BE611358A (de) * 1961-12-11
US4217408A (en) * 1970-10-07 1980-08-12 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Printing plate material

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2632715A (en) * 1949-03-08 1953-03-24 Eastman Kodak Co Process of subbing cellulose ester sheet material and product thereof
US2698239A (en) * 1951-01-20 1954-12-28 Du Pont Photographic films
US3054673A (en) * 1958-02-19 1962-09-18 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Non-curling film
US3178378A (en) * 1960-05-31 1965-04-13 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Subbing layer for hydrophobic, dimensionally stable, inert-surfaced photographic filmbase

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB478357A (en) 1938-01-17
DE697157C (de) 1940-10-09
DE711190C (de) 1941-09-26
GB470565A (en) 1937-08-13
US2135524A (en) 1938-11-08
FR800517A (fr) 1936-07-07
DE713839C (de) 1941-11-17
GB513694A (en) 1939-10-19
US2096617A (en) 1937-10-19
GB477153A (en) 1937-12-17
FR49753E (fr) 1939-07-13
BE416158A (de)
FR47560E (fr) 1937-06-04
BE413245A (de) 1936-05-29
US2096616A (en) 1937-10-19
GB477289A (en) 1937-12-22

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