US2079079A - Hair waving device - Google Patents

Description

Patented May 4, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Original application August 2, 1933, Serial No. `683,325. Divided and this application August 31, 1935, Serial No. 38,727

13 Claims.

My invention relates to hair waving devices, and more particularly to` devices for use in winding the hair in a coil to form a Croquignole wave, which device is adapted to be used in making 5 What is known as a permanent wave.

In winding the hair for producing a Croquignole wave, the hair is combed out in a lock and the free end of the hair or that farthest from the head isvstarted on a winding pin and the l winding pin is usually rotated so that the lock of hair is wound around it in helical form. Usually the winding pin, after the hair is wound upon it, is placed in a holder or clamping device and the winding pin is given a final turn to l tighten the hair, and there is a locking or clutch device to hold the winding pin in the tightened position.

1t is a known fact thatin order to form a goed permanent wave in hair, certain factors 20 are necessary in order that the wave may be permanently set. One is that the hair must be wound tightly on the curler and if all portions of the lock of hair are not under tension, such portions as are not under tension'will not be 25 effectively and permanently waved because tension is one of the most important factors in making a permanent wave. By heating the hair while under tension and while coiled, it is possible to make the wave so permanent as to withstand shampooing and to be retained by the hair until new hair grows out from the scalp and displaces the waved portion. y

Heretofore, in making 'the Croquignole wave, the entire lock of hair has been wound upon the 35 curling pin by simply revolving the latter and the only tension applied was after the windingl of the hair on the pin and after the Vpin was placed in the holder or clamp and was given a nal turn to tighten lthe hair. Obviously, it is not possible by merely subjecting the pin to final turning action after the entire lock of hair is wound thereon, to obtain tension throughout the coil as only the outer part of the lock of hair will be tightened or put under tension and the inner portion will remain comparatively loose and therefore it will not be perfectly waved..

By employing my present invention` it is possible to have all portions of the lock of hair wound tightly upon the curling pin or, in other words, 'the placing of the hair under tension does not depend merely upon the nal turn given to vthe curling pin as the hair is put under tension during the time thel lock of hair is beingwound on the curling pin. The nal tightening operation 55 may be performed after the winding pin is attached to the clamping. device in order to secure maximum tension of the hair.

Another object of'my invention is to provide a rubber shield to protect the subject by preventing any of the moisture or vapor incident to the waving operation, from reaching the head of the subject, thereby preventing burns and scorching of the scalp and hair, in addition to preventing the scalp fromV becoming overheated while the waving operation is taking place. The present case is partly a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 683,325 and filed August 2, 1933, insofar as the rubber shield and clamp are concerned.

I provide two clamping means, one which primarily attaches the rubber device around the lock of hair and the other consists of a lip-like extension of the rubber member which is gripped in the bight of the rollers which engage the lock of hair, so that the rubber device is tightly clamped about the hair to perfectly prevent moisture from passing through the rubber member onto the scalp. Other advantages and features will be set forth in the following description of my invention.

In the drawing forming part of this application,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal, sectional View of the device for winding the hair and the rubber shield, the heating device being omitted,

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the rubber shield, A

Figure 3 is a sectional view showing the winding device and showing in dotted lines the method of applying an electric heating device about the hair,

Figure 4 is an elevation showing the first step in winding the hair upon the winding or curling Figure 5 shows the application of the roller tension device to the hair and the attachment of the winding pin to the roller device preparatory to the winding of the hair upon the winding pin, t Figure 6 is a similar view showing the detach-` able `roller placed in the frame with thedevice ready for winding the lock of hair upon the winding pin, r

Figure '7 is a perspective view of the first clamp for clamping the rubber shield on the hair,

Figure 8 is a sectional view showing the tensioning rollers and means for placing more or less tension thereon,

Figure 9 is an end view of device, and

the `roller tension Figure 1G is a longitudinal, sectional View through the roller device.

I will rst describe the rubber shield which is similar to the one shown in my said co-pending application. It consists of a body of rubber I having a iiat portion 2 which is adapted to be placed against the head of the subject during the waving operation. This body of rubber has a slot 4 extending around three of the sides and into this slot is adapted to t the clamping device shown in Figure 7. This device is shown as consisting of two arms 5, 6 having curved ends 'I which overlap and are pivoted to each other by means of a pivot pin 8. The opposite ends of these arms are free to permit the arms to be swung open or closed. The free end of one arm is provided with a slot 9 to receive the hook member I0 on the free end of the other arm in order to lock the arms in closed position.

Finger pieces II and I2 are formed on the free ends of the arms in order to manipulate them to bring the hook member I0 into locking engagement in the slot 9 and also to disengage the hook when the clamping device is to be released. The clamping device is applied to the rubber shield by inserting it into the slot 4 and the arms 5, 6 are adapted to be moved toward each other for compressing the rubber shield along its longest sides in order to squeeze the rubber against the lock of hair, which latter extends through a slot 3 extending through the rubber shield.

The shield is applied to the hair by flrst passing the free end of the lock of hair I3 through the slot 3 and moving the shield back along the lock of hair until it is near or presses against the scalp of the subject, whereupon the arms 5, 6 of the clamp are moved until their free ends overlap and the hook I0 passes through the slot 9 and hooks onto the free end of the arm 5 thereby holding the arms compressed against the longer sides of the rubber shield. This portion of the device remains in this condition until the lock of hair has been permanently waved.

The rubber shield hasv four walls I4 extending upwardly from the base 2 to form a chamber I5 to receive therein the winding device; and at the upper edges of the several walls I 4 I prefer to form an inturned lip I6 so that if there are any drippings the same will be retained in the pocket I5 until the waving operation has been completed.

It will be noted, especially from Figures 1 and 2, that I have formed an outwardly projecting lip I1 integral with the body of rubber of the shield, through which lip extends the slot 3 through which the lock of hair passes. Preferably, this projection formstapered lips which are adapted to be tightly pressed upon the hair in the manner hereinafter set forth to more perfectly seal the moisture from passing from the compartment of the shield back against the scalp of the subject.

'I'he winding pin I8 on which the lock of hair is adapted to be wound is similar to winding pins heretofore used in producing the Croquignole wave, although the form of this pin may be varied if desired. It is shown as consisting of two substantially cylindrical ends I9, 29 and with the bodies of the pins between these ends gradually curving in opposite sides toward the middleI portion, which is the smallest diameter of the pin, so that the thicker portion of the lock of hair is accommodated on the smaller diameter of the pin, whereas the sidesV of the lock of hair are wound on the portions of larger diameter. The

winding pin has a curved arm 2I pivoted to the pin at 22 which arm is adapted to be placed against the free end of the lock of hair to hold it until the hair begins to wind around the winding pin and the arm. This arm is now used on most winding pins and it serves the same purpose in the present device as in former winding apparatus.

The roller tensioning device includes a frame comprising end plates 23, 24 and a connecting bar 25 between the end plates, and it may be integral therewith. There is' a roller 25 which is preferably made of metal and which has utings or ribs 21 extending substantially length- Wise of the roller; and the shaft of this roller has its ends journaled in the two end plates 23, 24 of the frame, preferably in slots 28 which are slightly elongated to allow the roller to be shifted laterally a slight extent. On the shaft of this roller and between the ends of the roller proper and the end plates 23, 24 of the frame there are ferrules or collars 29 in which the shaft is free to rotate.

These collars are preferably provided with circumferential grooves 30. There are tensioning screws 3| screwed through the connecting bar 25 of the frame adjacent the end plates, and there is a spring 32 coiled around each of these screws with the free end of the spring coiled around and lying in the groove 30 of the collar. The adjustment of these screws will cause the roller 26 to be shifted laterally more or less against another roller to be described, in order to apply more or less pressure between the rollers upon the lock of hair.

There is another roller 33 preferably rubber covered, and the shaft of this roller is adapted to have its ends placed in and removed from the angular slots 34 formed in the end plates of the frame, since one of the rollers must be removable in order to allow a lock of hair to be started between the rollers. Preferably, the inner ends of the slots 34 are cut deep enough to allow the axis of the rubber covered roller to pass slightly to the left of the axis of the shaft of the roller 26 in Figure 5, in order that the rubber roller will have a tendency to hold in position.

One end of the winding pin is provided with a circumferential groove 35 and this grooved portion is adapted to be inserted between the arms 36 formed on one of the end plates of the frame, with the end plate engaging in the groove 35 to hold the winding pin from shifting axially of the frame. The opposite end of the winding pin is provided with cross slots 31 and when this end of the pin is inserted into the circular recess 38 in the other end plate of theV frame, the locking pawl 39 which is carried by the spring arm 40 snaps into one of the cross slots, thereby locking the pin from turning in one direction, and thereby preventing the hair from unwinding on the winding pin. The opposite end of the winding pin has a square aperture 4I to receive the square shank 42 of the tool by means of which the winding pin may be turned to exert the nal stress on the hair.

Operation The following steps are performed, although they are not all necessarily performed in the order stated. Generally the rst step is to apply the rubber shield to the lock of hair, and this is done by releasing the clamping device shown in Figure 7, unless the same is already released. The free position. This causes the body `of the shield toY be compressed to reduce the width of the slot 3 and thereby cause-the rubber'to grip the lock of hair near the head.

Usually the next step, as shown in Figure 4, is to apply the winding pin which is done by twisting the end of the lock of hair one or more timesI around the middle portion of theV winding pin while the arm 2I is swung out and then this arm is swung back to hold the hair which has been applied to the curling pin. The next step is to apply the tensioning device, consisting "of the frame and rollers, to the lock of hair. This is done by first removing the roller- 33 from the frame, and then placing the lock of hair across the top of the roller 26 as shown in Figure 5, and the winding pin is applied to the frame in the position shown in Figure 1. The roller 33 is then Y replaced in the frame so that' the ends of its shaft are pressed into the slots 34 in the frame,

`and this will bring the roller` into position so that it presses against the roller 26 and the hair between the two rollers.

The next step will be to Vapply the tool with its shank 42 projecting into the polygonal aperture 4I in the end of the winding pin and then the r tool is turned by hand in order to revolve the winding pin in the direction necessary to Wind up the hair upon the winding pin and upon the iinger 2I. As the hair is Wound upon the winding pin it is drawn through the bight of the rollers 26, 33 and the resistance to the movement of the hair by these rollers causes the hair whichis wound upon the winding pin to be drawn taut or be put under tension.` The degree of tension will depend upon the adjustment of the screws 3l which create more or less resistance to the turning of the rollers. The pawl 39 permits the winding pin to be turned in one direction because it escapes the slot 31 when the winding pin is turned in one direction and it falls into the slots 31 and locks the winding pin from turning in a reverse direction, so that the winding pin will -not unwind. .g

The winding operation vis continued until the tensioning device is moved by the operation to a position close to the rubber shield. The frame of the tensioning device together with its rollers is then pressed into the compartment I5 in the rubber shield, which is the final resting place of the `tensioning device. The tool is again operated to give the final turns to the winding pin for the purpose of tightening the hair on the winding pin. Owing to the fact that therollers 26, 33 .place a drag or holding action on the hair while it is being wound `on the Winding pin, they cause the hair to be wound tightly on the winding pin and all parts of it to be under tension.

When the final turn is given to the winding pin as described above, the outer edge of the lip I1 of the rubber shield will be drawn into the bight of the two rollers, as shown in Figure 3, and this will cause the lips I1 to4 be pressed tightly towards each other withthe lock of` hair extending through the lipsand italso causes the hair to be gripped by the rubber lips to prevent any liquid or vapor from passing back through the rubber shield onto the head. I iind that by employing the clamping device shown in Figure 7, as well as the lips I1 gripped between the rollers, that I can perfectly seal the shield and prevent any moisture or vapor reaching the scalp, so that the device will not burn the subject while the baking operation is taking place.

While any device may be'employed for heating the hair which is 'wound on the curling pin, I have shown well knownmeans applied to the hair for heating. There is placed around the hair and onthe winding pin a pad 44 which preferably includes a sheet of metal foil; and then a heater having the jaws 45 with circular faces is clampedV around the pad, and the hair, as shown in Figure 3.

The lock of hair near the head is so tightly gripped by the clamping devices 5, 6 and by the lips I1 which are compressed between rollers, that when the winding pin is given its iinalturn, even though the hair is very tightly pulled, the pull will not be exerted upon the scalp but only against the clamping device, so that the hair may be tightened to the extreme without injury to the subject.

The jaws of the heating device are usually supplied with resistance Wire and when current is passed through the coil, heat is generated and it is applied to the body of hair on the winding pin and it affects the hair to the bight of the rollers 26, 33. It is understood that a suitable permanent waving solution may be applied directly to the hair or any suitable saturated pad may be wound upon the hair, in order to permit a permanent wave to be produced.

After the hair has been baked a sufficient length of time to render the wave permanent, the heating device is removed from the hair and then the spring arm is swung outwardly by pressing the finger thereon to release the pawl 39 from the slot of the winding pin, whereupon the winding pin maybe removed from the frame of the tension device and unwound to release the hair. The tension device may then be removed from the compartment of the shield, thus releasing the grip on the lips I1 and releasing the grip at this point from the lock of hair. Afterwards the clamping device shown in Figure '7 may be released to remove the shield from the lock of hair.

It will be apparent from what has been described that all parts of the lock of hair are under tension as the hair is wound upon the winding pin and because of this the entire lock of hair is effectively and permanently waved, whereas with former devices only that part of the hair on the outer portion of the coil was under sufficient tension becausethe first portion of the lock was wound without tension upon the winding pin and only the outer portion was tightened by the final turning operation of the winding pin; whereas in the present case tension is created on all parts of the lock of `hair during the winding operation. I am therefore enabled to produce a more perfect permanent Croquignole wave than was possible with former devices.

Having described my invention, what I claim 1. A protecting shield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair adjacent the head, including abody of rubber having a base portion and walls xtending therefrom to provide a pocket to receive` a hair winding device therein, said body having a thin edged lip portion projecting into said pocket, said body having an aperture extending laterally therethrough and through said lip, and co-operating rollers for compressing said lip on a lock of hair extending through said aperture.

2. A protecting shield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair adjacent the head, including a body of rubber having a base, walls extending therefrom to form a pocket to receive a hair Winding device therein, said base having a slot extending laterally inwardly from the outer edges thereof to form a neck portion, said body having a thin edged lip projecting into said pocket, said body having an aperture extending laterally therethrough and through said lip, a clamping device disposed in said slot and adapted to clamp said neck portion upon the lock of hair extending through said aperture and co-operating rollers for compressing said lip upon the lock of hair extending through said aperture.

3. A protecting shield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair adjacent the head, including a body of rubber formed to provide a receiving pocket for a hair winding device, said body having a thin edged lip projecting in said pocket, said body having a lateral aperture therethrough and through said lip through which a lock of hair is adapted to be passed, and means including co-operating rollers into the bight of which the edge of the lip projects, said rollers adapted to compress said lip upon a lock oi hair which passes through said aperture.

4. A hair Waving device including a winding pin on which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound and a tensioning device adapted to be applied to the hair between said winding pin and the head, and including a frame adapted to receive and revolvably hold said Winding pin, and having means thereon for placing tension on the hair as it is drawn by said Winding pin, whereby the hair will be tightly Wound on said winding pin, said tensioning device including co-operating rollers through the bight of which the lock of hair is drawn by said winding pin.

5. A hair waving device including a winding pin on which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound and a tensioning device adapted to be applied to the hair between said winding pin and the head, and including a frame adapted to receive and revolvably hold said winding pin and having means thereon for placing tension on the hair as it is drawn by said Winding pin, Whereby the hair will be tightly Wound on said pin, the tensioning means including co-operating rollers through the bight of which the lock of hair is drawn by said winding pin, at least one of said rollers being adapted to be moved to permit the lock of hair to be placed through the bight of said rollers.

6. A hair waving device including a winding pin on which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound and a tensioning device adapted to be applied to the hair between said winding pin and the head, and including a frame adapted to receive and revolvably hold said winding pin and having means thereon for placing tension on the hair as it is drawn by said winding pin, whereby the hair will be tightlyY Wound on the pin, said tensioning means including co-operating rollersI through the bight of which the lock of hair is drawn by said winding pin, one of said rollers having a toothed outer surface, the other of said rollers being rubber covered.

7. A hair Waving device including a winding pin on which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound and a tensioning device adapted to be applied to the hair between said Winding pin and the head, and including a frame adapted to receive and revolvably hold said winding pin and having means thereon for placing tension on the hair as it is drawn by said winding pin, whereby the hair will be tightly wound on the pin, said tensioning means including co-operating rollers through the bight of which the lock of hair is drawn by said winding pin, and means for applying variable pressure between the rollers.

8. A hair waving device including a protecting shield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair adjacent the head, including a body of rubber having a thin edged lip formed thereon and extending in said pocket, said shield having a lateral opening through the body of rubber and through said lip, said body having a slot extending laterally inwardly from the side thereof to form a neck portion, a clamping device adapted to engage said neck portion and to compress the same against the lock of hair passing through said aperture, and co-operating rollers for applying clamping pressure to the thin edges of said lip.

9. A shield having a thin edged lip, said shield having an aperture therethrough and through said lip, a winding pin on which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound, and a tensioning device adapted to be applied to the hair between said winding pin and the head, including a frame adapted to receive and revolvably hold said winding pin and having means for placing tension on the hair as it is drawn by said winding pin, said tensioning means including co-operating rollers through the bight of which a lock of hair is drawn by said winding pin, said rollers co-operating to squeeze said lip portion of the shield tightly upon the lock of hair.

10. A hair waving device including a winding pin on which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound, and a tensioning device adapted to be applied to the hair between said Winding pin and the head, and including a frame adapted to receive and revolvably hold said winding pin, and having means thereon for placing tension on the hair as it is drawn by the winding pin, said tensioning means including co-operating rollers through the bight of which the lockV of hair is drawn by the winding pin, peripheral grooved sleeves on the shaft of one of said rollers, and means attached to said frame and engaging the groove of said sleeve for pressing one of said rollers towards the other to vary the tensioning action of said rollers.

11. A hair waving device including a protecting shield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair adjacent the head, including a body of rubber formed to provide a receiving pocket and having a thin edged lip formed thereon and extending in said pocket, said shield having a lateral opening through the body of rubber and through said lip, said body having a slot extending laterally inwardly from the side thereof to form a neck portion, a clamping device adapted to engage said neck portion and to compress the same against the lock of hair passing through said aperture, a winding pin on which a lock of hair is adapted to be wound, and a tensioning device adapted to be applied to the hair between said Winding pin and the head, including a frame adapted to receive and revolvably hold said winding pin and having means for placing tension on the hair as it is drawn by said winding pin, said tensioning means including co-operating rollers through the bight of which a lock of hair is drawn by said winding pin, said frame adapted to be inserted in the pocket of said shield and said rollers cooperating to squeeze said lip portion of the shield tightly upon the lock of hair.

12. A protecting shield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair adjacent the head, including a body of rubber having a base portion, said body having a thin-edged lip portion projecting therefrom, said body having an aperture extending laterally therethrough and through said lip, andco-operating rollers for compressing said lip on a lock of hair extending through said apertures.

13. A protecting shield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair adjacent the head, including a body of rubber having a thin-edged projecting lip, said body having a lateral aperture therethrough and through said lip through which a lock of hair is adapted to be passed, and means including (zo-operating rollers into the bight of which the edge of the lip projects, said rollers adapted to compress said lip upon a lock of hair which passes through said aperture.

FRANCOIS R. MARCEL.

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