US1910842A - Hair waving apparatus - Google Patents

Description

May 23, 1933. R. M. KEELE 1,910,342

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 24, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 F"IE 5-.

2 o mww ATTORNEYS.

May 23, 1933. R. M. KEELE 1,910,842

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 24, 1951 3 Shets-Sheet 2 FIE '7. 8?

INVEN TOR. 19040/7 M Kee/e ATTORNEYS.

May 23, 1933. R. M. KEELE 1,910,842

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 24, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. 2040/7 M ,Uez/e F'IE 1 E A TTORNEYS.

Patented May 23, 1933 UNITED STATES m'rlzia'r OFFICE RALPH I. KEELE, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR, BY HESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO D'UABT KANUFACTUBJNG CO. LTD., 0! SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Application filed January 24, 1981.

This invention relates generally to apparatus for wavin hair, and has particular application to such apparatuses which utilize'application of heat for effecting a permanent set to the wave.

At the present time there are two general types of hair waving appliances in general usage. In one type a strand of hair is wrapped spirally about a spindle, beginning at the base of the strand. Heat is then applied while the s indle extends outwardly from the head. paratus of this character is somewhat dil cult to manipulate, and the wave imparted to the hair is not always as natural as is desired. In another type of apparatus, commonly referred to as the croquignole type, a strand of hair is wound upon a spindle, beginning at the tip of the strand and winding toward the head. After the strand has been wrapped upon the spindle, this spindle is locked to a protector in such a manner as to maintain the convolutions of the hair in tensioned condition. Heat is then applied, either by a device which fits over the wound spindle, or by a heating element which is inserted into the interior of the spindle. While it is generally considered that croquignole waving apparatus will impart a more natural wave to the hair than the type previously described, it is impossible with such apparatus to wave only a portion, of the hair, as is frequently desirab e.

It is an object of the present invention to devise a new type of hair waving apparatus which will obviate disadvantages in prior apparatuses such as described above. The present invention is characterized by the fact that a wave can be applied to only a portion of the hair strand, although the curler when in operating condition extends substantially parallel to the adjacent portion of the scalp, as in prior croquignole apparatus.

It is a further object of the invention to devise a hair waving apparatus which will enable tensioning of the convolutions of hair u on the curler without the use of objectiona le ratcheting devices or equivalent means.

It is a further object of the invention to Serial No. 511,006.

-lents consistent with the state of the prior art.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view illustrating a protector incorporating principles of the present invention, and also illustrating the combing tool which is utilized with my apparatus.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of a curler or mandrel incorporated in my apparatus.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the curler shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of the combing tool illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the protector illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 7 is a side elevational view, partly in cross section, illustrating the manner in which the mandrel of Figs. 3 and 4 is engaged with a strand of hair, preparatory to a waving operation.

Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 99 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a side elevational view of the protector and curler, illustrating the curler in operating position upon 'the protector.

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view of a tool which I can utilize for enabling quick disengagement of the curler from its associated protector after a waving operation.

Fig. 12 is an end view of the apparatus I modified type of curler capable of being used in my apparatus, certain parts being broken away.

Fig. 14 is a transverse cross sectional detail of the curler illustrated in Figure 13.

Fig. 15 is a view similar to Fig. 13, illustrating a further form of curler.

Fig. 16 is a transverse cross sectional detail of the curler illustrated in Fig.15-

Fig. 17-is a plan view illustrating the manner in which the curler of Fig. 13 can be utilized in the waving of hair.

Fig. 18 is a plan view of a combing tool which can be utilized to advantage in place of the tool illustrated in Fig. 5.

Fig. 19 is a plan View illustrating the manner in which the tool of Fig. 18 can be utilized.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 6, the protector incorporated in my apparatus consists of two elongated members 10 and 11, having corresponding ends pivotally connected together by links 12. The free ends of members 10 and 11 are free to swing apart as shown in Fig. 6, and can be locked together by mechanism which in its preferred form can be constructed as follows: Corresponding ends of links 13 are pivotally connected to the free end of member 10. A cam locking lever 14 is pivotally secured to the other ends of links 13. Locking lever 14 is adapted to engage a tongue 16 formed on member 11. whereby members 10 and 11 can be locked together and tightly clamped upon a strand of hair as shown in Figs. 1 ad 2. As thus far described my protector is similar to devices of this character which have been previously used in the art in connection with croquignole waving.

The curler or mandrel 17 shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is made of some suitable material, such as metal, and is provided with annular shoulders 18 to confine the convolutions of hair to its medial portion. Shoulders 18 are shown merged with the medial portion of the curler by curved surfaces 19. The ends of the curler beyond shoulder 18 are provided with cylindrical surfaces 21 for a purpose to be presently explained. A longitudinal opening 22 extends substantially the entire length of the curler, and this opening is accessible thru at least one end of the curler,-the right hand end as illustrated in Fig. 3. In addition to opening 22 the curler is provided with a longitudinal slot 23 which also extends to the same end of the curler as that from which opening 22 is accessible. Lateral slots 20 are also provided for a purpose to be presently explained.

In mounting curlers upon protectors such as described above, it has been common to utilize ratcheting devices whereby after positioning the curler upon a protector, further turning movement serves to tension the wound hair while the ratcheting device prevents unwinding movement. For certain reasons ratchetin means of this character is b'ectionable. or example manipulation of t e apparatus causes a clicking noise which is unpleasant to the person whose hair is being waved. Furthermore hair is frequently caught in the ratcheting elements and broken or severed. In my invention I eliminate the use of such ratcheting devices and provide means whereby a purely frictional engagement is formed between the protector and the curler. Thus as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, spring metal clips 26 and 27 are mounted upon the ends of the protector, clip 27 being mounted upon links 12 while clip 26 is mounted upon links 13. When the two parts 10 and 11 of the protector are clamped upon a strand of hair, clips 26 and 27 are spaced apart a distance equal to the spacing of cylindrical portions 21 of the curler. Assuming that the curler is positioned upon clips 26 and 27, application of manual force towards the protector spreads the clips sufficiently far to permit the curler to snap into final position as shown in Fig. 10. When in such position clips 26 and 27 engage portions 21 with sufficient force that rotation of the curler is resisted by considerable friction. Thus assuming that a strand of hair has been wound upon the curler and that the curler has been snapped into final position as shown in Fig. 10, the curler can be turned manually to tension the convolutions of hair, and the curler will be prevented from unwinding by the frictional force previously described. At the end of a waving operation it is a simple operation to disengage the curler from clips 26 and 27, by forcing the curler outwardly from the protector.

In conjunction with my apparatus I prefer to utilize a combing tool such as illustrated in detail in Fig. 5. This tool in its preferred form is scissors like and consists of the two elongated members 31 and 32 which are movably connected together by pivot pin 33. Opposed finger engaging portions 34 and 36 are provided, whereb upon forcing these portions together, mem ers 31 and 32 are moved to a closed position such two members 41 and 42 pivotally connected together by pin 43, and normally urged apart by spring 44. By applying manual force to bars 46 and 47, whic connect together members 41 and 42, the opposed wedge-shaped in Figs. 11 and 12. It is'of course obvious end portions 48 and 49 can be forced together. It is apparent that the end portions 48 and 49 can be engaged between the curler and the protector, in the manner illustrated in Fig. 12. A plication of sufiicient manual force to mem rs 46 and 17 will therefore cause the curler to be forced outwardly with respect to the protector, thus disengaging 1t from spring clips 26 and 27.

The method of utilizing my apparatus is as follows :A strand of hair to be waived is isolated from the remainder of the hair and is engaged by the protector as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. In such position the protector extends substantially adjacent portion of the sea p. The operator then takes the combing tool illustrated in Fig. 5, and engages the strand adjacent the protector wit members 31 and 32 of this tool closed as shown in Fig. 1. By moving this tool outwardly from the protector, a certain portion 'of the strand next to the protector is combed out and the individual 35 hairs distributed as shown in Fig. 1. The operator then takes the curler shown in Fig. 3, and forces this curler over the closed members 31 and 32 of the combing tool to the position shown in Figs. 7 and 9. Application of the curler in this manner does not disarrange that portion of the strand extending from the combing tool to the protector, as this portion of the strand is accommodated by a slot 23. The remainder of the strand of hair extending beyond the combing tool is accommodated within opening 22, and if it is sufliciently long, it will extend beyond the open end of the curler. The operator then" grasps the ends of the curler, and by turning the curler in one direction, the strand of hair is wrapped upon the outer periphery of the curler until the curler has advanced into contact with spring clips 26 and 27. The operator then applies suflicient manual force to the ends of the curler to clip it into final position as shown in Fig. 10. The tool of Fig. 5 is then engaged with slots 20 in the end of the curler, as shown in Fig. 9, and using the tool as a wrench, further turning movement is applied to the curler to tension the hair upon the curler, and to tension the hair extended from the curler to the protector. The combing tool is then removed from the curler, a suitable pad or other wrapping applied to the wound hair, and a suitable external heating appliance applied. A suitable heating appliance has not been illustrated, as such devices are well known in the art. It is of course obvious that various solutions can be applied to the hair to prevent undue dryness or to produce special effects. After a waving operation the curler is either disengaged from the protector by applying man ual force, or by utilizing the tool illustrated arallel to the i that in an actual waving operation, a lurality of protectors and cur ers are emp oyed simultaneously.

It is apparent that my apparatus has all the advantages of prior croquignole waving apparatus, and at the same time onl a portion of a strand of hair can be wave is a distinct advantage in applying succes- 1 sive waving. treatments to the hair, as it frequently happens that only a portion of j the hair nearest the scalp need be waved. With my apparatus the wave can be applied only where required, and thus in re ated treatments undue and'deleterious' heating of previously waved portions of the hair can be avoided. I

With respect to the use of spring clips upon a protector for retaining the curler, it should be noted that such a construction can be utilized with ordinary croquignole apparatus, utilizing ordinary prior curlers or mandrels adapted to be employed with either internal or external heaters.

In Figures 13 and 14 there is shown a modified form of curler or mandrel which can be converted for waving the entire length of a hair strand. It will be noted that this curler is substantially the same as that shown in Figure 3 except that a metal ke 61 is frictionally and removably retamed in slot 23. This key is provided with inclined comb teeth 62 which project from that peripheral portion of the curler u on which the hair is wound. -With the ey in position as shown .by solid lines in Figure 13, the spindle can be used as shown in Figure 17. Assuming that a strand of hair has been engaged by the protector, the teeth 62 are en aged with the strand as shown in dotted Tines, and then moved out wardly from the protector to comb the hair. When a position adjacent the tip of the strand has been reached, the spindle is rotated to wind up the combed out strand, and then the spindle is engaged with the protector as has been previously described. In Fi ures 15 and 16 there is shown a spindle aving combteeth 63 permanently fixed thereto and which can be used like the spindle of Figure 13, without, however, having the convertability feature.

Figure 18 shows a tool which can be employed in place of the combing tool of Figure 5. Inthis case opposed handles 66 and .67 have a pivotal connection 68 and are provided with elongated and flattened members 69 and 71. Member 69 has a comb teeth 72 adapted to register with openings 73 in member 71. A gauge strip 74 is secured to member 71. This tool is employed in a manner similar to the tool of Figure 5 except that it cannot be accommodated within opening 22 of the spindle. As shown in Figure 19, after this tool has en- This I gaged the strand of hair and has been moved outwardly the distance desired, the operator moves the spindle longitudinally of members 69 and 71 with the slot 23 adjacent those longitudinal edges of members 69 and 71 which are remote from the protector. Thus, the end portion of the hair strand extending beyond the tool is positioned in slot 23 and in opening 22, and then the operator disengages the tool and at the same time engages a portion of the hair where it enters slot 23 and commences to rotate the spindle to wind the hair upon the same.

I claim:

1. In a hair waving apparatus, a curler or mandrel upon which a flat strand of hair can be wound, said mandrel having a longitudinal opening extending thru one end of the same and also having a longitudinal slot extending to said end to permit the outer end portion of a strand of hair to extend through said slot and then through said opening, and a scissors-like combing tool adapted to be removably positioned within said opening.

2. In hair waving apparatus, a longitudinally slotted mandrel upon the outer periphery of which a strand of hair can be wound, said mandrel having a longitudinal opening, and a combing tool, said tool having relatively movable members adapted to be removably thrust into said opening, said members having opposed edges adapted to effect a combing action upon a hair strand.

3. In a hair waving apparatus, a protector adapted to be clamped upon a strand of hair, a curler or mandrel upon which the strand of hair extending from the protector can be wound, spring clips mounted upon the ends of the protector, the ends of said curler being adapted to be frictionally engaged by said clips, and a tool engageable with the end portions of the curler and adapted to force the curler away from the protector out of engagement with said clips.

'4. In a hair waving apparatus, a protector formed of two elongated members adapted to clamp a strand of hair between the same, said protector when in clamped position extending substantially parallel to an adjacent portion of the scalp, a combing tool adapted to engage the strand of hair at a point intermediate the protector and the outer end of the strand, a curler or mandrel having a longitudinal opening extending from one end of the same and having a longitudinal slot also extending from said end, said curler being adapted to be positioned over said tool whereby the strand of hair leading from the tool to the protector lies within said' slot while the remaining portion of the strand beyond said tool extends thru said opening in the curler, and means for engaging the curler upon the protector with that portion of the strand between the tool and the protector wound upon the curler, said tool also serving the purpose of a wrench to enable turning movement of the curler.

5. In hair waving apparatus, a curler or mandrel upon which hair can be wound for a waving operation, said mandrel being provided with a longitudinal slot, a key adapted to be removably engaged with the mandrel within said slot, and hair engaging elements formed on said key.

6. In a hair waving ap aratus, a curler or mandrel upon which a attened strand of hair can be wound, said mandrel having a longitudinal opening extending thru one end of the same and also having a longitudinal slot extending to said end to permit the outer end ortion of a strand of hair to extend thru said slot and then thru said opening, and a combing tool adapted to be slidably enga ed with said curler for movement longitu inally thereof.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

RALPH M. KEELE.

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