US2046867A - Method of and apparatus for treating concrete - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for treating concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
US2046867A
US2046867A US73367A US7336736A US2046867A US 2046867 A US2046867 A US 2046867A US 73367 A US73367 A US 73367A US 7336736 A US7336736 A US 7336736A US 2046867 A US2046867 A US 2046867A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
concrete
cover
suction
water
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US73367A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karl P Billner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VACUUM CONCRETE Corp
Original Assignee
VACUUM CONCRETE CORP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL47515D priority Critical patent/NL47515C/xx
Priority to FR798685D priority patent/FR798685A/fr
Priority to DEB172138D priority patent/DE655557C/de
Priority to GB34602/35A priority patent/GB458708A/en
Application filed by VACUUM CONCRETE CORP filed Critical VACUUM CONCRETE CORP
Priority to US73367A priority patent/US2046867A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2046867A publication Critical patent/US2046867A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/006—Pressing by atmospheric pressure, as a result of vacuum generation or by gas or liquid pressure acting directly upon the material, e.g. jets of compressed air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/46—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for humidifying or dehumidifying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/43—Processes of curing clay and concrete materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/78—Processes of molding using vacuum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/40—Buckles
    • Y10T24/4095—Fabric covered

Definitions

  • My present invention relates to the treatment of concrete. 'I'he present application is a continuation in part of my application having the same title, filed October 5, 1935, Serial No. 43.708.
  • My improved method is intended especially for the treatment of all concrete which can be placed in horizontal layers, such as concrete road pavements, reinforced concrete floors in buildings, concrete in dam and bridge construction and the like and the apparatus hereinafter specically described is designed for use in the treatment of concrete so placed in successive sections.
  • the invention possesses the great practical advantage of not only strengthening and improving the texture of the concrete but also of very greatly reducing the time interval between the laying thereof and when it becomes adaptable for actual use.
  • the product known as concrete is an artificial 40 stone created by mixing cement, sand and crushed stone or gravel or other coarse aggregates with a sufficient quantity of water to hydrate the cement and produce a plastic mass that can be molded as long as it retains its plastic consistency. After a certain interval of time and as a result of hydration the particles of cement in the mass coalesce and the whole mass becomes solid. 'I'he quantity of water required during the mixing period and during the time in which the concrete is molded is always much 'greater than the amount required for the hydration of the cement. If only the minimum amount of water necessary to hydrate the cement was used, the mixture would be so dry as to have no plasticity and it would not be possible to consolidate the cement and aggregates. The excess water above that required for hydration of the cement constitutes the gravest defect and weakening factor present in concrete. Moreover the presence of this excess water greatly prolongs the period of drying until the concrete is suitable for use.
  • This screen therefore will act as a very line sieve permitting water to pass through but preventing the passage of solid particles in the concrete. Owing to the relatively large area under treatment the velocity of the water passing through the screen is so slow that gravity plays a part in preventing any but the very smallest solid particles from reaching said screen.
  • the cover is preferably provided with a series of closely adjacent narrow grooves or corrugations leading to transverse channels of larger cross section which latter in turn connect with outlets to which the suction or vacuum is applied.
  • the corrugations or grooves and channels lust referred to do not extend all the way to the sides and ends of the cover so that areas are provided all around the edges of the cover to form, under atmospheric pressure, a continuous seal, to prevent the entrance of air into the space to which suction is applied.
  • the underside of the cover may be formed with closely spaced knobs which, if the cover is made of rubber or other exible material, may be molded therewith. The interstices between these knobs will permit water to flow between the screen and cover to the outlets therefrom as hereafter explained, provision being made to seal the cover all around against the entrance of air.
  • I may use a cover with a smooth bottom surface and interpose a double screen between the cover and the concrete.
  • the lower element of this double screen will be of iine mesh so as to act as a sieve as explained and the upper element will be of coarse mesh to provide tortuous channels through which the water may flow.
  • the two sections will be preferably secured together as by spot lwelding.
  • the grooves in the bottom of the covei are suillciently fine and especially if the flow of water through the same is sumciently slow it may not be necessary to make use of an interposed screen or sieve.
  • the latter is preferably employed as it results in a more certain operation, especially when a very powerful suction is used resulting in a more rapid flow of the water than when more moderate degrees of suction are utilized.
  • a pipe From the 'several larger channels above referred to a pipe leads to a vacuum tank of sufncient capacity to hold the water removed from the concrete and this vacuum tank in turn is connected to a suitable vacuum or suction pump capable of creating and maintaining the required degree of suction under conditions of practice.
  • the elements of the apparatus being assembled with the screen and cover on the levelled upper surface of the freshly laid concrete and with the edges thereof sealed against the passage of air. a vacuum or suction is created when the pump is put in motion, thus creating a substantially uniform suction over the entire surface of the concrete under treatment.
  • a great number of channels of small cross sectional area are formed between the wire screen if used and the ne corrugations referred to on the underside of the cover. As the vacuum increases these channels serve to lead on the water which is sucked out of the concrete and this water i'iows into the large transverse channels from which it passes through a hose or pipe connections into the vacuum tank where it is trapped without interfering with the continued operation of the pump. 6
  • my invention may 25 be carried out by the use of less powerful suctions although at a sacrifice of time and with the production of a concrete of less strength than when the maximum practicable degree of suction 1s employed.
  • the removal of the excess water should be completed beore the concrete begins to set. If water is being removed and if compression is being applied when concrete begins to set and during setting the result- 35 ing product is not so strong as when the excess water is removed and the pressure released before setting because it is important that the concrete should be undisturbed during setting.
  • the setting of the concrete depends upon many conditions but it ordinarily commences between one and two hours after laying according to the season. Therefore it is important that the suction should be at least of such value as to remove excess water prior to setting.
  • the thickness of the concrete is a factor to be considered in placing a, minimum value on the degree of suction used, since the .excess water can be removed from a layer of concrete one inch thick in less time than from a 50 layer 8 inches' thick.
  • a suction as low as 8 inches of mercury 26.7% of perfect vacuum
  • the reduced pressure approximately 575 pounds per square foot
  • the time required to remove the G0 excess water is proportional to the thickness of the concrete, assuming equal degree of suction and conversely the suction is proportional to the thickness of the concrete, assuming equal times.
  • the removal of excess water from 65 a layer one inch thick in the same time that excess water is removed from a layer 8 inches thick with a suction of 8 inches of mercury would mean the employment of a suction of 1.0 inch of mercury, resulting in a pressure of 72 pounds 70 per square foot.
  • the space in which the partial vacuum is created is of minimum size and comprises only the combined cubical contents of the water channels formed on the under side of the plate or cover. It is thus readily possible with a pump of relatively small capacity to create a high partial vacuum within this space; as a matter of ,fact this small suction space need only be large enough to permit the ready flow of the removed water which moves out of the suction space in a direction parallel to the face of the concrete.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section taken on the line I-I of Fig. 3, showing a section of a concrete road under treatment, the cover being illustratedas a rubber or flexible mat extending substantially the distance between the sides of the mold.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view showing the under side of said mat.
  • Figure 3 is a cross section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2 on an enlarged scale illustrating particularly an arrangement for sealing the edges of the coven' and showing more clearly the screen and fine grooving.
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal section at right angles to Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a diagrammatic'view showing how a plurality of covers may be used simultaneously to permit a larger area of concrete to be treated or to allow covers of reduced size and weight to be employed so as to make handling thereof easier and also permitting a continuous process to be carried on, as will be explained.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of rigid metal cover or plate and Y Figure 7 is a side view thereof.
  • I-I represent side molds such as are now used for the construction of concrete roads. Between these molds, a mass of concrete 2 is laid and levelled off in any suitable way. This concrete mass in order that it may be made plastic contains the usual large excess of water, and when laid extends some distance above the tops of the side molds I-I.
  • the illustration of Figure 1 shows the concrete mass after it has been treated so as to bepressed down substantially level with the top of the molds I-I.
  • a screen 3 made of ne mesh or canvas or other suitable material which will permit water to pass through it but will not allow solid particles from the cement mass to do so.
  • cover l which in these gures is preferably yielding or flexible.
  • a thick rubber mat may therefore be employed for this purpose.
  • a pipe 1 Connected with the groove i is a pipe 1, this connection being preferably made by using a mat 9 made preferably of rubber laid on top of the cover 4 ⁇ and having a groove therein coinciding with the groove or slot 8 in said cover.
  • the mat 9 will be held rmly in place by atmospheric pressure when suction is created beneath the cover. 'I'he pipe 1 is connected to the mat 9 in any suitable way, with an air tight joint,
  • each will be connected by suitable piping to the pipe 1.
  • the latter leads to a vacuum tank I0 of sufficient capacity to hold the water removed by the vacuum from the section of concrete under treatment.
  • a motor driven vacuum pump I2 ⁇ of any suitable type is connected by a flexible hose I I with the vacuum tank III as shown in Figure 1.
  • the cover may be provided at its under side adjacent the edges with very ne serrations, indicated by I3 which under. the atmospheric pressure will be embedded in the concrete to thereby constitute eifective seals. It will be noted in Figure 3 that the screen 3 and grooves 5 occupied the area circumscribed by the seals I3.
  • a metal cover I9 is used, suitably stiiened by cast ribs 20 so as to reduce weight.
  • the edges of such cover are provided with the line sealing serrations I3 shown in Figures 2 and 3 to prevent the entrance of air although other sealing arrangements may be used.
  • the arrangement is the same as with Figures 1 to 4.
  • the rigid cover is used as in Figures 6 and '7 a very smooth upper surface will be formed on the concrete as will be understood and also with this arrangement, if it is desired, the cover may be given a curve or crown to impart this shape to the resulting road bed.
  • the method of treating concrete which consists in placing the concrete with an excess of water to secure plasticity. then in applying to the concrete a suction of at least one inch of mercury per inch in thickne of concrete, whereby excess water will be removed from the interior thereof and'in concurrently imposing a heavy compacting pressure upon the concrete.
  • 5,'Tne ⁇ method of preparing concrete which consists in placing the concrete with an excess of water to secure plasticity, then in placing against the surface of the concrete a cover presenting small channels through which water may flow in a direction parallel to the surface of the concrete. then in sealing the edges of said cover against the entrance of air and in nnally applying a powerful suction between the cover and concrete whereby excess water will be removed from the interior of the concrete and the concrete will be simultaneously subjected to complementary atmospheric pressure the suction employed being of at least one inch of mercury per inch in thickness of concrete.
  • Apparatus for treating concrete comprising in combination, a cover which is placed against the surface of the concrete having therein an excess of water to secure plasticity, means for sealing the edges of said cover to exclude air and means for applying between the cover and concrete a suction of at least-one inch of mercury per inch of concrete whereby excess water will be removed from the interior of the mass and comp'ement-ary atmospheric pressure imposed by said cover upon the concrete.
  • Apparatus for treating concrete comprising in combination a cover, having grooves or channels on its under face, placed against the concrete containing an excess of water to provide plasticity. means for sealing the edges of said cover to exclude air and means for applying a powerful suction to the spaces defined by said channels, whereby excess water will be removed from the interior of the mass and will flow in a direction parallel to the surface thereof and complementary atmospheric pressure will be imposed upon the cover to consolidate the mass.
  • said apparatus comprising in combination a fine 5 screen or sieve placed against the concrete mass to permit substantialy free flow of water, a cover in contact with said screen, having grooves or channels on its under face, means for sealing the edges of said cover to exclude air and means for applying a powerful suction to the spaces defined by said channels whereby excess water will be removed from thc interior of the mass and will flow in a direction parallel to the surface thereof and complementary atmospheric pressure will 05 be imposed upon the cover to consolidate the mass.
  • the grooves or channels are proportioned to withstand the consolidating pressure without collapsing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
US73367A 1935-10-05 1936-04-08 Method of and apparatus for treating concrete Expired - Lifetime US2046867A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL47515D NL47515C (en(2012)) 1935-10-05
FR798685D FR798685A (fr) 1935-10-05 1935-12-04 Perfectionnements au traitement du béton
DEB172138D DE655557C (de) 1935-10-05 1935-12-07 Vorrichtung zur Erhoehung der Festigkeit von Beton durch gleichzeitige Anwendung einer Saug- und Druckwirkung
GB34602/35A GB458708A (en) 1935-10-05 1935-12-13 Improvements relating to the treatment of concrete
US73367A US2046867A (en) 1935-10-05 1936-04-08 Method of and apparatus for treating concrete

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US458708XA 1935-10-05 1935-10-05
US73367A US2046867A (en) 1935-10-05 1936-04-08 Method of and apparatus for treating concrete

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2046867A true US2046867A (en) 1936-07-07

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US73367A Expired - Lifetime US2046867A (en) 1935-10-05 1936-04-08 Method of and apparatus for treating concrete

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US (1) US2046867A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE655557C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR798685A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB458708A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL47515C (en(2012))

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2524419A (en) * 1946-03-01 1950-10-03 Vacuum Concrete Inc Apparatus and method for utilizing vacuum in molding plastic material, such as concrete
US2548935A (en) * 1947-09-05 1951-04-17 Vacuum Concrete Inc Method of molding joints between spaced structural members
US2601180A (en) * 1949-08-25 1952-06-17 Robert B Stuart Multiple shingle and siding casting molds
US2602210A (en) * 1945-09-21 1952-07-08 Rumble Roy William Shuttering for molding concrete walls in situ
US2638655A (en) * 1950-09-22 1953-05-19 Thermo Fluid Corp Method of producing cementitious bodies
US2650412A (en) * 1949-10-17 1953-09-01 Dubbs Carbon Chatley Method of molding concrete products
US2671940A (en) * 1949-02-07 1954-03-16 Vacuum Concrete Inc Molding apparatus
US2771933A (en) * 1955-03-24 1956-11-27 Oscar K Thigpen Body tool
US2799318A (en) * 1955-08-26 1957-07-16 Glenn L Martin Co Method and apparatus for removing dents from contoured object by use of reduced pressure above dent combined with tapping forces
US3480705A (en) * 1965-04-03 1969-11-25 Hebel Gasbetonwerk Gmbh Method for casting,lifting and setting blocks
US3506747A (en) * 1968-01-30 1970-04-14 Vacuum Concrete Corp Of Americ Method and apparatus for treating concrete with a partial vacuum
US3600771A (en) * 1968-08-01 1971-08-24 Tremix Ab Device for draining newly cast concrete by vacuum treatment
US3604324A (en) * 1969-02-06 1971-09-14 William F Middlestadt Curing blanket and machine
US3979217A (en) * 1973-06-01 1976-09-07 Halliburton Company Lightweight cellular cement compositions and methods of casting the same
WO1979000473A1 (en) * 1978-01-03 1979-07-26 R Malinowski A method of casting concrete
US4203714A (en) * 1975-05-30 1980-05-20 Tremix Ab Apparatus for vacuum processing of concrete
US5246650A (en) * 1991-06-03 1993-09-21 Clark Richard C Method of applying aggregate surface finish
US5611369A (en) * 1995-01-30 1997-03-18 Hamann, Jr.; Reynold R. Concrete hydration system
US6461551B1 (en) * 1996-09-27 2002-10-08 Theodore O. Mandish Vacuum molding process
US20050132596A1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2005-06-23 Storrer Ernest J. Moisture removal system
US20050269029A1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2005-12-08 Dennis Christen Process for dispersing a reinforcing layer in a layered article
WO2008096172A3 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-12-31 P G Lawton Ind Services Ltd Moulding assembly
US20090049793A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2009-02-26 Michael James Newitt Laminated tile and method of manufacturing a laminated tile
WO2013079732A1 (es) 2011-11-29 2013-06-06 Geosilex Trenza Metal, S.L. Procedimiento de fraguado aéreo para la obtención de piezas prefabricadas con matrices cementantes, matrices y piezas prefabricadas así obtenidas y utilización de las mismas
US20130239604A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2013-09-19 Ignacio Marc Asperas Promotion of peace, love and understanding through the global proliferation of snowpeople system method and apparatus

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE841720C (de) * 1950-11-11 1952-06-19 John Gunnar Amandus Johnson Vorrichtung zum Entfernen ueberschuessigen Mischwassers aus Beton
DE873378C (de) * 1951-10-13 1953-04-13 Heinrich Dr-Ing Press Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dichten Oberflaechenbetons, insbesondere fuer Wasserbauten, wie Talsperren u. dgl.
DE1162254B (de) * 1959-10-22 1964-01-30 Cement Ind H Kellner & Co Deut Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Gueteeigenschaften eines frisch angemachten plastischen Betonbreis
ITFI20010240A1 (it) * 2001-12-18 2003-06-18 Longinotti Meccanica S R L Apparecchiatura per lo smaltimento di acqua con sedimenti dagli stampi per la produzione di mattonelle di cemento monostrato

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602210A (en) * 1945-09-21 1952-07-08 Rumble Roy William Shuttering for molding concrete walls in situ
US2524419A (en) * 1946-03-01 1950-10-03 Vacuum Concrete Inc Apparatus and method for utilizing vacuum in molding plastic material, such as concrete
US2548935A (en) * 1947-09-05 1951-04-17 Vacuum Concrete Inc Method of molding joints between spaced structural members
US2671940A (en) * 1949-02-07 1954-03-16 Vacuum Concrete Inc Molding apparatus
US2601180A (en) * 1949-08-25 1952-06-17 Robert B Stuart Multiple shingle and siding casting molds
US2650412A (en) * 1949-10-17 1953-09-01 Dubbs Carbon Chatley Method of molding concrete products
US2638655A (en) * 1950-09-22 1953-05-19 Thermo Fluid Corp Method of producing cementitious bodies
US2771933A (en) * 1955-03-24 1956-11-27 Oscar K Thigpen Body tool
US2799318A (en) * 1955-08-26 1957-07-16 Glenn L Martin Co Method and apparatus for removing dents from contoured object by use of reduced pressure above dent combined with tapping forces
US3480705A (en) * 1965-04-03 1969-11-25 Hebel Gasbetonwerk Gmbh Method for casting,lifting and setting blocks
US3506747A (en) * 1968-01-30 1970-04-14 Vacuum Concrete Corp Of Americ Method and apparatus for treating concrete with a partial vacuum
US3600771A (en) * 1968-08-01 1971-08-24 Tremix Ab Device for draining newly cast concrete by vacuum treatment
US3604324A (en) * 1969-02-06 1971-09-14 William F Middlestadt Curing blanket and machine
US3979217A (en) * 1973-06-01 1976-09-07 Halliburton Company Lightweight cellular cement compositions and methods of casting the same
US4203714A (en) * 1975-05-30 1980-05-20 Tremix Ab Apparatus for vacuum processing of concrete
WO1979000473A1 (en) * 1978-01-03 1979-07-26 R Malinowski A method of casting concrete
US4362679A (en) * 1978-01-03 1982-12-07 Roman Malinowski Method of casting concrete
US5246650A (en) * 1991-06-03 1993-09-21 Clark Richard C Method of applying aggregate surface finish
US5611369A (en) * 1995-01-30 1997-03-18 Hamann, Jr.; Reynold R. Concrete hydration system
US6461551B1 (en) * 1996-09-27 2002-10-08 Theodore O. Mandish Vacuum molding process
US20050132596A1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2005-06-23 Storrer Ernest J. Moisture removal system
US20100192400A1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2010-08-05 Storrer Ernest J Moisture removal system
US20050268575A1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2005-12-08 Dennis Christen Automated tucking process for covering a penetrable core material
US7232589B2 (en) * 2002-09-04 2007-06-19 Diversitech Corporation Process for dispersing a reinforcing layer in a layered article
US7334385B2 (en) 2002-09-04 2008-02-26 Diversitech Corporation Automated tucking process for covering a penetrable core material
US20050269029A1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2005-12-08 Dennis Christen Process for dispersing a reinforcing layer in a layered article
US20090049793A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2009-02-26 Michael James Newitt Laminated tile and method of manufacturing a laminated tile
WO2008096172A3 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-12-31 P G Lawton Ind Services Ltd Moulding assembly
WO2013079732A1 (es) 2011-11-29 2013-06-06 Geosilex Trenza Metal, S.L. Procedimiento de fraguado aéreo para la obtención de piezas prefabricadas con matrices cementantes, matrices y piezas prefabricadas así obtenidas y utilización de las mismas
US20130239604A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2013-09-19 Ignacio Marc Asperas Promotion of peace, love and understanding through the global proliferation of snowpeople system method and apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE655557C (de) 1938-01-18
NL47515C (en(2012))
FR798685A (fr) 1936-05-23
GB458708A (en) 1936-12-24

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