US20240182487A1 - Macrocycles and their use - Google Patents

Macrocycles and their use Download PDF

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US20240182487A1
US20240182487A1 US18/257,166 US202118257166A US2024182487A1 US 20240182487 A1 US20240182487 A1 US 20240182487A1 US 202118257166 A US202118257166 A US 202118257166A US 2024182487 A1 US2024182487 A1 US 2024182487A1
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alkyl
alkylene
compound
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
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Jingrong J. CUI
Eugene Rui
Evan W. ROGERS
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Blossomhill Therapeutics Inc
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Blossomhill Therapeutics Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/529—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim forming part of bridged ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed systems contains four or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D491/18—Bridged systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D498/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D498/18—Bridged systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D515/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
    • C07D515/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D515/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D515/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
    • C07D515/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D515/18—Bridged systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D515/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
    • C07D515/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to macrocyclic compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing macrocyclic compounds, and methods of using macrocyclic compounds to treat disease, such as cancer.
  • Protein kinases are tightly regulated signaling proteins that orchestrate the activation of signaling cascades by phosphorylating target proteins in response to extracellular and intracellular stimuli.
  • the human genome encodes approximately 518 protein kinases (Manning G, et al The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science. 2002, 298:1912-34).
  • Dysregulation of kinase activity is associated with many diseases, including cancers, and cardiovascular, degenerative, immunological, infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases (Levitzki, A. Protein kinase inhibitors as a therapeutic modality. Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 36:462-469).
  • the molecular bases leading to various diseases include kinase gain- and loss-of-function mutations, gene amplifications and deletions, splicing changes, and translocations (Wilson L J, et al New Perspectives, Opportunities, and Challenges in Exploring the Human Protein Kinome. Cancer Res. 2018, 78:15-29).
  • the critical role of kinases in cancer and other diseases makes them attractive targets for drug inventions with 52 small molecule kinase inhibitors have been approved and 46 of them for cancer targeted therapies (Roskoski R Jr, Properties of FDA-approved Small Molecule Protein Kinase Inhibitors: A 2020 Update. Pharmacol Res 2020, 152:104609).
  • kinase inhibitors have achieved dramatic success in cancer-targeted therapies, the development of treatment resistance has remained as a challenge for small molecule kinase inhibitors. Acquired secondary mutations within kinase domain during the treatment often lead to treatment resistance to kinase inhibitors (Pottier C, et al Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer: Breakthrough and Challenges of Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12:731). Therefore, it is necessary to invent kinase inhibitors that can target not only the kinase oncogenic drivers, and also overcome most frequent resistance mutations for better efficacy and longer disease control.
  • Non-small-cell lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide (World Health Organisation. Cancer Fact Sheet 2017). Activating EGFR mutations have been reported in approximately 10% to 15% of cases of adenocarcinoma in white patients and 50% of cases in Asian patients (Chan B A, Hughes B G. Targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: current standards and the promise of the future. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 4:36-54).
  • the two most frequent EGFR alterations found in NSCLC tumors are short in-frame deletions in exon 19 (del19) of the EGFR gene and L858R, a single missense mutation in exon 21 (Konduri K. et al. EGFR Fusions as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Lung Cancer. Cancer Discovery 2016, 6:601-11).
  • the first-generation reversible EGFR inhibitors, erlotinib and gefitinib are superior to chemotherapy in patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive (Del19 or L858R) NSCLC and have been used as first-line standard of care in this setting.
  • advanced EGFR mutation-positive (Del19 or L858R) NSCLC have been used as first-line standard of care in this setting.
  • most patients will develop resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib with 50% to 70% of tumors developing EGFR T790M gatekeeper mutation with time of treatment (Sequist L V, et al. Genotypic and histological evolution of lung cancers acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:75ra26).
  • EGFR inhibitors afatinib and dacomitinib are covalent, irreversible EGFR inhibitors that also inhibit HER2 and ERB4 of the ERB family (Li D, et al. BIBW2992, an irreversible EGFR/HER2 inhibitor highly effective in preclinical lung cancer models. Oncogene 2008; 27: 4702-11; Ou S H, Soo R A. Dacomitinib in lung cancer: a “lost generation” EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor from a bygone era? Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5641-53).
  • afatinib and dacomitinib are more potent EGFR inhibitors approved as first-line therapy for advanced EGFR mutation-positive (Del19 or L858R) NSCLC with longer progression free survival time (PFS) in comparison with gefitinib and erlotinib
  • PFS progression free survival time
  • EGFR T790M has been developed with time of treatment with afatinib (Tanaka K, et al. Acquisition of the T790M resistance mutation during afatinib treatment in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naive patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations. Onco - target 2017; 8:68123-30).
  • EGFR T790M confers resistance to dacomitinib
  • the third-generation EGFR inhibitor Osimertinib is also an irreversible inhibitor targeting both EGFR activating mutations (Del19 and L858R) and T790M resistant double mutations, with selectivity over the wild-type EGFR (Finlay M R, et al. Discovery of a potent and selective EGFR inhibitor (AZD9291) of both sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations that spares the wild type form of the receptor.
  • Osimertinib was first approved for patients with metastatic EGFR T790M mutation-positive NSCLC after failure of first-line EGFR inhibitors, and later approved in the first-line setting for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC following the phase III FLAURA trial with head-to-head trials comparing with erlotinib or gefitinib (Soria J C, et al. Osimertinib in untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:113-25).
  • the disclosure relates to a compound of the formula Ia, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure relates to a compound of the formula Ia, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure relates to a compound of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure relates to a compound of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula IIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula IIIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure relates to a compound of the formula IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the disclosure relates to a compound of the formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the compound of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX) is a compound selected from those species described or exemplified in the detailed description below.
  • compositions comprising at least one compound of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions according to the disclosure may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the disclosure relates to a compound of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a medicament.
  • the disclosure relates to a method of treating disease, such as cancer comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of at least one compound of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the disclosure relates to use of a compound of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of disease, such as cancer, and the use of such compounds and salts for treatment of such diseases.
  • the disclosure relates to a method of inhibiting a tyrosine kinase, such as EGFR, comprising contacting a cell comprising one or more of kinase with an effective amount of at least one compound of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and/or with at least one pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure, wherein the contacting is in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo.
  • a tyrosine kinase such as EGFR
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O)
  • each hydrogen atom in ring B is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c , —S(O) 2 R c , —S(O)NR c R d , —S(O)R
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d ,
  • each hydrogen atom in 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c , —S(O) 2 R c , —S(O)NR c R d
  • ring B is a C 6 -C 10 arylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in C 6 -C 10 arylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O)
  • n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • n 0, 1, or 2.
  • each R 1 when present, is independently fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, —C(O)OR a , —C(O)NR a R b , —CN, or 4-piperidinyl.
  • n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • each R 1 when present, is independently fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, —C(O)OR a , —C(O)NR a R b , —CN, or 4-piperidinyl.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the preceding clauses, and optionally one or more excipients.
  • EGFR mutations such as L858R, Del19, ⁇ 746-750, ⁇ 746-750/T790M, ⁇ 746-750/C979S, L858R/T790M, Del19/T7
  • disease such as cancer
  • cancer such as a cancer having one or more EGFR mutations, such as L858R, Del19, ⁇ 746-750, ⁇ 746-750/T790M, A746-750/C979S, L858R/T790M, Del19/T790
  • alkyl refers to a straight- or branched-chain mono-valent hydrocarbon group.
  • alkylene refers to a straight- or branched-chain di-valent hydrocarbon group.
  • alkyl groups include methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl (tBu), pentyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, and groups that in light of the ordinary skill in the art and the teachings provided herein would be considered equivalent to any one of the foregoing examples.
  • alkylene groups examples include methylene (—CH 2 —), ethylene ((—CH 2 —) 2 ), n-propylene ((—CH 2 —) 3 ), iso-propylene ((—C(H)(CH 3 )CH 2 —)), n-butylene ((—CH 2 —) 4 ), and the like. It will be appreciated that an alkyl or alkylene group can be combined with another group as described herein or an atom, such as a N, O, or S.
  • an O can be combined with an alkyl to provide a mono-valent —O-alkyl group, such as —O—C 1 -C 6 alkyl, having an open valence on only one end for connection with another structure.
  • an O can be combined with an alkylene to provide an di-valent —O-alkylene- group, such as —O—C 1 -C 6 alkylene-, —O—(C 1 -C 6 alkylene)-, or —O(C 1 -C 6 alkylene)-, having open valences on both ends of the group for covalent attachment to two different structures.
  • an alkyl or alkylene group can be unsubstituted or substituted as described herein.
  • An alkyl or alkylene group can be substituted with any of the substituents in the various embodiments described herein, including one or more of such substituents.
  • alkenyl refers to a straight- or branched-chain mono-valent hydrocarbon group having one or more double bonds.
  • alkenylene refers to a straight- or branched-chain di-valent hydrocarbon group having one or more double bonds.
  • alkenyl groups include ethenyl (or vinyl), allyl, and but-3-en-1-yl.
  • alkenylene groups include ethenylene (or vinylene) (—CH ⁇ CH—), n-propenylene (—CH ⁇ CHCH 2 —), iso-propenylene (—CH ⁇ CH(CH 3 )—), and the like. Included within this term are cis and trans isomers and mixtures thereof. It will be appreciated that an alkenyl or alkenylene group can be combined with another group as described herein or an atom, such as a N, O, or S.
  • an O can be combined with an alkyl to provide a mono-valent —O-alkenyl group, such as —O—C 1 -C 6 alkenyl, having an open valence on only one end for connection with another structure.
  • an O can be combined with an alkenylene to provide an di-valent —O-alkenylene-group, such as —O—C 1 -C 6 alkenylene-, —O—(C 1 -C 6 alkenylene)-, or —O(C 1 -C 6 alkenylene)-, having open valences on both ends of the group for covalent attachment to two different structures.
  • alkenyl or alkenylene group can be unsubstituted or substituted as described herein.
  • An alkenyl or alkenylene group can be substituted with any of the substituents in the various embodiments described herein, including one or more of such substituents.
  • alkynyl refers to a straight- or branched-chain mono-valent hydrocarbon group having one or more triple bonds.
  • alkynylene refers to a straight- or branched-chain di-valent hydrocarbon group having one or more triple bonds.
  • alkynyl groups include acetylenyl (—C ⁇ CH) and propargyl (—CH 2 C ⁇ CH), butynyl (—C ⁇ C—CH 2 CH 3 ), and the like.
  • alkynylene groups include acetylenylene (—C ⁇ C—) and propargylene (—CH 2 C ⁇ C—), but-3-yn-1,4-diyl (—C ⁇ C—CH 2 CH 2 —), and the like. It will be appreciated that an alkyl or alkylene group can be combined with another group as described herein or an atom, such as a N, O, or S.
  • an O can be combined with an alkyl to provide a mono-valent —O-alkynyl group, such as —O—C 1 -C 6 alkynyl, having an open valence on only one end for connection with another structure.
  • an O can be combined with an alkynylene to provide an di-valent —O-alkynylene- group, such as —O—C 1 -C 6 alkynylene-, —O—(C 1 -C 6 alkynylene)-, or —O(C 1 -C 6 alkynylene)-, having open valences on both ends of the group for covalent attachment to two different structures.
  • alkynyl or alkynylene group can be unsubstituted or substituted as described herein.
  • An alkynyl or alkynylene group can be substituted with any of the substituents in the various embodiments described herein, including one or more of such substituents.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic or polycyclic mono-valent carbocycle.
  • cycloalkylene refers to a saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic or polycyclic di-valent carbocycle. In some embodiments, it can be advantageous to limit the number of atoms in a “cycloalkyl” or “cycloalkylene” to a specific range of atoms, such as having 3 to 12 ring atoms.
  • Polycyclic carbocycles include fused, bridged, and spiro polycyclic systems.
  • Illustrative examples of cycloalkyl groups include mono-valent radicals of the following entities, while cycloalkylene groups include di-valent radicals of the following entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties:
  • a cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene group can be unsubstituted or substituted as described herein.
  • a cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene group can be substituted with any of the substituents in the various embodiments described herein, including one or more of such substituents.
  • halogen or “halo” represents chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group with one or more halo substituents.
  • haloalkyl groups include —CF 3 , —(CH 2 )F, —CHF 2 , —CH 2 Br, —CH 2 CF 3 , and —CH 2 CH 2 F.
  • haloalkylene refers to an alkyl group with one or more halo substituents. Examples of haloalkyl groups include —CF 2 —, —C(H)(F)—, —C(H)(Br)—, —CH 2 CF 2 —, and —CH 2 C(H)(F)—.
  • aryl refers to a mono-valent all-carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic group having a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
  • arylene refers to a di-valent all-carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic group having a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
  • aryl or “arylene”
  • aryl mono-valent all-carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic groups of 6 to 14 carbon atoms
  • mono-valent all-carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic groups of 6 to 10 carbon atoms C 6 -C 10 aryl
  • di-valent all-carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic groups of 6 to 14 carbon atoms C 6 -C 14 arylene
  • di-valent all-carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic groups of 6 to 10 carbon atoms C 6 -C 10 arylene
  • aryl groups are phenyl, naphthalenyl and anthracenyl.
  • arylene groups are phenylene, naphthalenylene and anthracenylene. It will be appreciated that an aryl or arylene group can be unsubstituted or substituted as described herein. An aryl or arylene group can be substituted with any of the substituents in the various embodiments described herein, including one or more of such substituents.
  • heterocycloalkyl refers to a mono-valent monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure that is saturated or partially saturated having one or more non-carbon ring atoms.
  • heterocycloalkylene refers to a di-valent monocyclic or polycyclic ring structure that is saturated or partially saturated having one or more non-carbon ring atoms.
  • a “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocycloalkylene” can be advantageous to limit the number of atoms in a “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocycloalkylene” to a specific range of ring atoms, such as from 3 to 12 ring atoms (3- to 12-membered), or 3 to 7 ring atoms (3- to 7-membered), or 3 to 6 ring atoms (3- to 6-membered), or 4 to 6 ring atoms (4- to 6-membered), or 5 to 7 ring atoms (5- to 7-membered).
  • heterocycloalkyl or “heterocycloalkylene”
  • Polycyclic ring systems include fused, bridged, and spiro systems.
  • the ring structure may optionally contain an oxo group on a carbon ring member or up to two oxo groups on sulfur ring members.
  • heterocycloalkyl groups include mono-valent radicals of the following entities, while heterocycloalkylene groups include di-valent radicals of the following entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties:
  • a nitrogen containing heterocycloalkyl can be represented by the formula —N(alkylene), where the alkylene group is described by a parenthetical with no indicated open valence, in which case the alkylene group is understood to occupy two valence positions on the nitrogen atom to provide a heterocycloalkyl structure.
  • the group —N(C 2 -C 6 alkylene) is within the scope of the term 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, where the 3- to 7-heterocycloalkyl has one nitrogen atom in the ring that represents the point of attachment.
  • —N(C 2 -C 6 alkylene) includes each of the following heterocycloalkyl structures.
  • heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylene group can be unsubstituted or substituted as described herein.
  • a heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylene group can be substituted with any of the substituents in the various embodiments described herein, including one or more of such substituents.
  • heteroaryl refers to a mono-valent monocyclic, fused bicyclic, or fused polycyclic aromatic heterocycle (ring structure having ring atoms or members selected from carbon atoms and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) that is fully unsaturated and having from 3 to 12 ring atoms per heterocycle.
  • heteroarylene refers to a di-valent monocyclic, fused bicyclic, or fused polycyclic aromatic heterocycle (ring structure having ring atoms or members selected from carbon atoms and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) having from 3 to 12 ring atoms per heterocycle.
  • a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl can be a monocyclic ring or fused bicyclic rings having 5- to 10-ring atoms wherein at least one ring atom is a heteroatom, such as N, O, or S.
  • a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene can be a monocyclic ring or fused bicyclic rings having 5- to 10-ring atoms wherein at least one ring atom is a heteroatom, such as N, O, or S.
  • Illustrative examples of 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl groups include mono-valent radicals of the following entities, while examples of 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene groups include di-valent radicals of the following entities, in the form of properly bonded moieties:
  • a “monocyclic” heteroaryl can be an aromatic five- or six-membered heterocycle.
  • a five-membered heteroaryl or heteroarylene can contain up to four heteroatom ring atoms, where (a) at least one ring atom is oxygen or sulfur and zero, one, two, or three ring atoms are nitrogen, or (b) zero ring atoms are oxygen or sulfur and up to four ring atoms are nitrogen.
  • Non-limiting examples of five-membered heteroaryl groups include mono-valent radicals of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, pyrazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, or tetrazole.
  • Non-limiting examples of five-membered heteroarylene groups include di-valent radicals of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, pyrazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, or tetrazole.
  • a six-membered heteroaryl or heteroarylene can contain up to four heteroatom ring atoms, where (a) at least one ring atom is oxygen or sulfur and zero, one, two, or three ring atoms are nitrogen, or (b) zero ring atoms are oxygen or sulfur and up to four ring atoms are nitrogen.
  • Non-limiting examples of six-membered heteroaryl groups include mono-valent radicals of pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, or triazine.
  • Non-limiting examples of six-membered heteroarylene groups include di-valent radicals of pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, or triazine.
  • a pyrazolyl moiety can be depicted by the structural formula
  • a pyrazolylene moiety can be depicted by the structural formula
  • bicyclic heteroaryl or “bicyclic heteroarylene” is a fused bicyclic system comprising one heteroaryl ring fused to a phenyl or another heteroaryl ring.
  • heteroaryl or heteroarylene group can be unsubstituted or substituted as described herein.
  • a heteroaryl or heteroarylene group can be substituted with any of the substituents in the various embodiments described herein, including one or more of such substituents.
  • oxo represents a carbonyl oxygen.
  • a cyclopentyl substituted with oxo is cyclopentanone.
  • substituted means that the specified group or moiety bears one or more substituents.
  • unsubstituted means that the specified group bears no substituents.
  • substitution is meant to occur at any valency-allowed position on the system.
  • substituted means that the specified group or moiety bears one, two, or three substituents.
  • substituted means that the specified group or moiety bears one or two substituents.
  • substituted means the specified group or moiety bears one substituent.
  • any formula depicted herein is intended to represent a compound of that structural formula as well as certain variations or forms.
  • a formula given herein is intended to include a racemic form, or one or more enantiomeric, diastereomeric, or geometric isomers, or a mixture thereof.
  • any formula given herein is intended to refer also to a hydrate, solvate, or polymorph of such a compound, or a mixture thereof.
  • any formula given herein is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds.
  • Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number.
  • isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the disclosure include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 17 O, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, 36 Cl, and 125 I, respectively.
  • Such isotopically labelled compounds are useful in metabolic studies (preferably with 14 C), reaction kinetic studies (with, for example 2 H or 3 H), detection or imaging techniques [such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)] including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients.
  • detection or imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
  • PET positron emission tomography
  • SPECT single-photon emission computed tomography
  • substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., 2 H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements.
  • Isotopically labeled compounds of this disclosure and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and preparations described below by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.
  • (ATOM) i-j ” with j>i when applied herein to a class of substituents, is meant to refer to embodiments of this disclosure for which each and every one of the number of atom members, from i to j including i and j, is independently realized.
  • C 1-3 or C 1 -C 3 refers independently to embodiments that have one carbon member (C 1 ), embodiments that have two carbon members (C 2 ), and embodiments that have three carbon members (C 3 ).
  • any disubstituent referred to herein is meant to encompass the various attachment possibilities when more than one of such possibilities are allowed.
  • a compound portion -(L) n - having the formula —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —, connecting two groups, A and B, will be understood that —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —, can include both of the embodiments A-CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 2 -B and B-CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 2 -A.
  • compounds of the formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX) having a compound portion -(L) n - of the formula —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 2 — connecting groups —Z— and —NR 2 — will be understood to include both embodiments —Z—CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —NR 2 — and —NR 2 —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 2 -A.
  • the disclosure also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds represented by Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX), preferably of those described above and of the specific compounds exemplified herein, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such salts, and methods of using such salts.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” is intended to mean a salt of a free acid or base of a compound represented herein that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, or otherwise biologically suitable for administration to the subject. See, generally, S. M. Berge, et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19.
  • Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those that are pharmacologically effective and suitable for contact with the tissues of subjects without undue toxicity, irritation, or allergic response.
  • a compound described herein may possess a sufficiently acidic group, a sufficiently basic group, both types of functional groups, or more than one of each type, and accordingly react with a number of inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include sulfates, pyrosulfates, bisulfates, sulfites, bisulfites, phosphates, monohydrogen-phosphates, dihydrogenphosphates, metaphosphates, pyrophosphates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, acetates, propionates, decanoates, caprylates, acrylates, formates, isobutyrates, caproates, heptanoates, propiolates, oxalates, malonates, succinates, suberates, sebacates, fumarates, maleates, butyne-1,4-dioates, hexyne-1,6-dioates, benzoates, chlorobenzoates, methylbenzoates, dinitrobenzoates, hydroxybenzoates, methoxybenzoates, phthalates, sulfonates, methylsulfonates, propylsulfonates, bes
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, nitric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, phenylacetic acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, isethionic acid, succinic acid, valeric acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid,
  • an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid
  • the disclosure also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX), and treatment methods employing such pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs.
  • prodrug means a precursor of a designated compound that, following administration to a subject, yields the compound in vivo via a chemical or physiological process such as solvolysis or enzymatic cleavage, or under physiological conditions (e.g., a prodrug on being brought to physiological pH is converted to the compound of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX)).
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug” is a prodrug that is non-toxic, biologically tolerable, and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to the subject. Illustrative procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in “Design of Prodrugs”, ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.
  • the present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutically active metabolites of compounds of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX), and uses of such metabolites in the methods of the disclosure.
  • a “pharmaceutically active metabolite” means a pharmacologically active product of metabolism in the body of a compound of Formula (Ia)-(IXa) or (I)-(IX) or salt thereof.
  • Prodrugs and active metabolites of a compound may be determined using routine techniques known or available in the art. See, e.g., Bertolini et al., J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2011-2016; Shan et al., J. Pharm. Sci.
  • protecting group refers to any group as commonly known to one of ordinary skill in the art that can be introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group, such as an amine or hydroxyl, to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction. It will be appreciated that such protecting groups can be subsequently removed from the functional group at a later point in a synthesis to provide further opportunity for reaction at such functional groups or, in the case of a final product, to unmask such functional group.
  • protecting groups have been described in, for example, Wuts, P. G. M., Greene, T. W., Greene, T. W., & John Wiley & Sons. (2006).
  • Suitable amine protecting groups useful in connection with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, 9-fluorenylmethyl-carbonyl (FMOC), t-butylcarbonyl (Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), acetyl (Ac), trifluoroacetyl, phthalimide, benzyl (Bn), triphenylmethyl (trityl, Tr), benzylidene, and p-toluenesulfonyl (tosylamide, Ts).
  • LG refers to any group as commonly known to one of ordinary skill in the art that can be introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group, such as a hydroxyl, to selectivity react at that position in a subsequent chemical reaction.
  • Leaving groups can be a halogen, a mesylate group, a tosylate group, a triflate group, and the like. A person having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate what leaving groups can be used in connection with the preparation of the compounds described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula Ia, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , m, n, and o are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , m, and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula IIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , n, and o are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula IIIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , n, and o are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y 1 , Y 2 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, L 1 , X 1 , Y, Y 1 , n, and o are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, L 1 , Y, Y 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula Va, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, L 1 , X 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula V, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, L 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula VIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, L 1 , X 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula VI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, L 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula VIIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, X 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula VII, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula Villa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, Y 1 , X 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula VIII, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, Y 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula IXa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, X 1 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound of the formula IX, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • R 1 , R 11 , A, B, L, and n are as described herein.
  • n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • n is 0, 1, or 2.
  • n 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • n 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • n is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4.
  • R 1 when present, is independently fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, —C(O)OR a , —C(O)NR a R b , —CN, or 4-piperidinyl.
  • n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • n is a phenylene, and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4.
  • R 1 when present, is independently fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, —C(O)OR a , —C(O)NR a R b , —CN, or 4-piperidinyl.
  • L 1 when present, can be independently C 1 -C 6 alkylene or a ring B selected from the group consisting of 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, 3- to 6-membered cycloalkylene, and C 6 -C 10 arylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, C 6 -C 10 arylene, and C 1 -C 6 alkylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR
  • L 1 when present, can be C 1 -C 6 alkylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in C 1 -C 6 alkylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c , —S(O)R
  • At least one L 1 when present, is methylene, ethylene, or propylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in methylene, ethylene, and propylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R
  • At least one L 1 when present, is methylene, ethylene, or propylene, each of which is substituted with a C 1 -C 6 alkyl or a —C(O)NR c R d . In some embodiments, at least one L 1 , when present, is methylene, ethylene, or propylene, each of which is substituted with a methyl or a —C(O)NR c R d , wherein R c and R d are each H.
  • ring B when present, can be a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, or C 6 -C 10 arylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in 3- to 10-membered heteroarylene, 5- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, and C 6 -C 10 arylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c ,
  • ring B when present, can be a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c ,
  • ring B when present, can be a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyrazolylene, isoxazolylene, pyridinylene, and pyridin-2(1H)-onylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in pyrazolylene, isoxazolylene, pyridinylene, and pyridin-2(1H)-onylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O
  • ring B when present, can be a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of
  • each hydrogen atom in 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c , —S(O) 2 R c , —S(O)NR c R d ,
  • ring B when present, can be a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)
  • ring B when present, can be a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinylene, piperidin-2-onylene, and pyrrolidin-2-onylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in pyrrolidinylene, piperidin-2-onylene, and pyrrolidin-2-onylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS
  • ring B when present, can be a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene selected from the group consisting of
  • each hydrogen atom in 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c , —S(O) 2 R c , —S(O)NR c R d
  • ring B when present, can be a C 6 -C 10 arylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in C 6 -C 10 arylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c ,
  • ring B when present, can be a phenylene optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c , —S(O) 2 R c , —S(O)NR c c ,
  • ring B is absent.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene
  • ring B is a C 6 -C 10 arylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a C 6 -C 10 arylene
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a C 6 -C 10 arylene
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a C 6 -C 10 arylene
  • ring B is a C 6 -C 10 arylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, and ring B is absent, wherein ring A is optionally substituted as described herein. In some embodiments, ring A is a C 6 -C 10 arylene, and ring B is absent, wherein ring A is optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyridinylene, pyrazolylene, and pyrimidinylene
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyridinylene, pyrazolylene, and pyrimidinylene
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyridinylene, pyrazolylene, and pyrimidinylene
  • ring B is a C 6 -C 10 arylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a phenylene
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a phenylene
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a phenylene
  • ring B is a C 6 -C 10 arylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyridinylene, pyrazolylene, and pyrimidinylene, and ring B is absent, wherein ring A is optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a phenylene
  • ring B is absent, wherein ring A is optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyrazolylene, isoxazolylene, pyridinylene, and pyridin-2(1H)-onylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinylene, piperidin-2-onylene, and pyrrolidin-2-onylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene
  • ring B is a phenylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a C 6 -C 10 arylene
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyrazolylene, isoxazolylene, pyridinylene, and pyridin-2(1H)-onylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a C 6 -C 10 arylene
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinylene, piperidin-2-onylene, and pyrrolidin-2-onylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a C 6 -C 10 arylene
  • ring B is a phenylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene
  • ring B is absent, wherein ring A is optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a C 6 -C 10 arylene
  • ring B is absent, wherein ring A is optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyridinylene, pyrazolylene, and pyrimidinylene
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyrazolylene, isoxazolylene, pyridinylene, and pyridin-2(1H)-onylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyridinylene, pyrazolylene, and pyrimidinylene
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinylene, piperidin-2-onylene, and pyrrolidin-2-onylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyridinylene, pyrazolylene, and pyrimidinylene
  • ring B is a phenylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a phenylene
  • ring B is a 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyrazolylene, isoxazolylene, pyridinylene, and pyridin-2(1H)-onylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a phenylene
  • ring B is a 3- to 10-membered heterocycloalkylene selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinylene, piperidin-2-onylene, and pyrrolidin-2-onylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • ring A is a phenylene
  • ring B is a phenylene, wherein ring A and ring B are each optionally substituted as described herein.
  • each R 1 when present, is independently deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b , —OS(O) 2 NR a R b , —NR a R b , —NR
  • each L is independently a C 1 -C 6 alkylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in C 1 -C 6 alkylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR
  • each L is independently an ethylene, propylene, or butylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in ethylene, propylene, and butylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O) 2 NR
  • each L is independently an ethylene, propylene, or butylene, each of which is optionally substituted by a C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • L is a C 1 -C 6 alkylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in C 1 -C 6 alkylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R
  • L is an ethylene, propylene, or butylene, wherein each hydrogen atom in ethylene, propylene, and butylene is independently optionally substituted by deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR
  • L is an ethylene, propylene, or butylene, each of which is optionally substituted by a C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • two hydrogen atoms on one carbon atom in one or more L are independently optionally substituted by a C 2 -C 5 alkylene to provide a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylene.
  • two hydrogen atoms on two carbon atoms in one or more L are independently optionally substituted by a C 1 -C 4 alkylene to provide a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylene.
  • one hydrogen atom on one carbon atom in L and one of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 taken together with the atoms to which they are attached combine to form a 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkylene.
  • Y is O, N(R 5 )C(O), C(O)N(R 5 ), N(R 6 ), N(R 5 )S(O), S(O)N(R 5 ), N(R 5 )S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 5 ), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , or Y is absent.
  • Y is O, N(R 5 )C(O), N(R 5 ), N(R 6 ), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , or Y is absent.
  • Y is O, N(R 5 )C(O), N(R 5 ), N(R 6 ), S, S(O), or S(O) 2 .
  • Y is —O—. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 5 )C(O)—, wherein R 5 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 5 )C(O)— and R 5 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, Y is not —N(R 5 )C(O)—. In some embodiments, Y is —C(O)N(R 5 )—, wherein R 5 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y is —C(O)N(R 5 )— and R 5 is H or methyl.
  • Y is not —C(O)N(R 5 )—. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 6 )—, wherein R 6 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 6 )—, wherein R 6 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, Y is not —N(R 6 )—. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 5 )S(O)—, wherein R 5 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 5 )S(O)— and R 5 is H or methyl.
  • Y is not —N(R 5 )S(O)—. In some embodiments, Y is —S(O)N(R 5 )—, wherein R 5 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y is —S(O)N(R 5 )— and R 5 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, Y is not —S(O)N(R 5 )—. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 5 )S(O) 2 —, wherein R 5 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 5 )S(O) 2 — and R 5 is H or methyl.
  • Y is not —N(R 5 )S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, Y is —S(O) 2 N(R 5 )—, wherein R 5 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y is —S(O) 2 N(R 5 )— and R 5 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, Y is not —S(O) 2 N(R 5 )—. In some embodiments, Y is —S—. In some embodiments, Y is not —S—. In some embodiments, Y is —S(O)—. In some embodiments, Y is not —S(O)—. In some embodiments, Y is —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, Y is not —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, Y is absent.
  • each Y 1 is independently O, C(O)N(R 7 ), N(R 7 )C(O), N(R 8 ), N(R 7 )S(O), S(O)N(R 7 ), N(R 7 )S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , or absent.
  • each Y 1 is O, C(O)N(R 7 ), N(R 8 ), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , or Y 1 is absent.
  • each Y 1 is O, C(O)N(R 7 ), N(R 8 ), S, S(O), or S(O) 2 .
  • one or more Y 1 is —O—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —C(O)N(R 7 )—, wherein R 7 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —C(O)N(R 7 )—, wherein R 7 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is not —C(O)N(R 7 )—. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —C(O)N(R 7 )—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —N(R 7 )C(O)—, wherein R 7 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein.
  • one or more Y 1 is —N(R 7 )C(O)—, wherein R 7 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is not —N(R 7 )C(O)—. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —N(R 7 )C(O)—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —N(R 8 )—, wherein R 8 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —N(R 8 )—, wherein R 8 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is not —N(R 8 )—.
  • each Y 1 is not —N(R 8 )—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —N(R 7 )S(O)—, wherein R 7 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —N(R 7 )S(O)— and R 7 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is not —N(R 7 )S(O)—. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —N(R 7 )S(O)—.
  • one or more Y 1 is —S(O)N(R 7 )—, wherein R 7 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y 1 is —S(O)N(R 7 )— and R 7 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, Y 1 is not —S(O)N(R 7 )—. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —S(O)N(R 7 )—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —N(R 7 )S(O) 2 —, wherein R 7 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein.
  • one or more Y 1 is —N(R 7 )S(O) 2 — and R 7 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is not —N(R 7 )S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —N(R 7 )S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —S(O) 2 N(R 7 )—, wherein R 7 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —S(O) 2 N(R 7 )— and R 7 is H or methyl.
  • one or more Y 1 is not —S(O) 2 N(R 7 )—. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —S(O) 2 N(R 7 )—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —S—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is not —S—. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —S—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —S(O)—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is not —S(O)—. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —S(O)—. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is not —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, each Y 1 is not —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, one or more Y 1 is absent.
  • Y 1 is —O—. In some embodiments, Y 1 is —C(O)N(R 7 )—, wherein R 7 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y 1 is —C(O)N(R 7 )—, wherein R 7 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, Y 1 is not —C(O)N(R 7 )—. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 5 )C(O)—, wherein R 5 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 5 )C(O)— and R 5 is H or methyl.
  • Y is not —N(R 5 )C(O)—. In some embodiments, Y 1 is —N(R 8 )—, wherein R 8 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y 1 is —N(R 8 )—, wherein R 8 is H or methyl. In some embodiments, Y 1 is not —N(R 8 )—. In some embodiments, Y 1 is —S—. In some embodiments, Y 1 is not —S—. In some embodiments, Y 1 is —S(O)—. In some embodiments, Y 1 is not —S(O)—. In some embodiments, Y 1 is —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, Y 1 is not —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, Y 1 is absent.
  • Y 2 is O, C(O)N(R 9 ), N(R 9 )C(O), N(R 10 ), N(R 9 )S(O), S(O)N(R 9 ), N(R 9 )S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 9 ), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , or Y 2 is absent.
  • Y 2 is O, C(O)N(R 9 ), N(R 10 ), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , or Y 2 is absent.
  • Y 2 is O, C(O)N(R 9 ), N(R 10 ), S, S(O), or S(O) 2 .
  • Y 2 is —O—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —C(O)N(R 9 )—, wherein R 9 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —C(O)N(R 9 )—, wherein R 9 is H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —C(O)N(R 9 )—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —N(R 9 )C(O)—, wherein R 9 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein.
  • Y 2 is —N(R 9 )C(O)— and R 9 is H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —N(R 9 )C(O)—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —N(R 10 )—, R 10 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —N(R 10 )—, R 10 is H, methyl, or phenyl. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —N(R 10 )—.
  • Y 2 is —N(R 9 )S(O)—, wherein R 9 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —N(R 9 )S(O)— and R 9 is H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —N(R 9 )S(O)—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —S(O)N(R 9 )—, wherein R 9 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein.
  • Y 2 is —S(O)N(R 9 )— and R 9 is H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —S(O)N(R 9 )—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —N(R 9 )S(O) 2 —, wherein R 9 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —N(R 9 )S(O) 2 — and R 9 is H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —N(R 9 )S(O) 2 —.
  • Y 2 is —S(O) 2 N(R 9 )—, wherein R 9 is as defined in any of the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —S(O) 2 N(R 9 )— and R 9 is H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —S(O) 2 N(R 9 )—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —S—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —S—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —S(O)—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —S(O)—. In some embodiments, Y 2 is —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, Y 2 is not —S(O) 2 —. In some embodiments, Y 2 is absent.
  • m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, m is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, m is 0. In some embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, m is 3. In some embodiments, m is 4.
  • o is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, o is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, o is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, o is 0. In some embodiments, o is 1. In some embodiments, o is 2. In some embodiments, o is 3.
  • each R 1 when present, is independently deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b , —OS(O) 2 NR a R b , —NR a R b , —NR
  • X is C(R 2 ). In some embodiments, X 1 is N. In some embodiments, X is C(R 2 ) and X 1 is N. In some embodiments, X 1 is C(R 3 ). In some embodiments, X is C(R 2 ) and X 1 is C(R 3 ). In some embodiments, X 2 is C(R 4 ). In some embodiments, X is C(R 2 ) and X 2 is C(R 4 ). In some embodiments, X 1 is N and X 2 is C(R 4 ). In some embodiments, X 1 is C(R 3 ) and X 2 is C(R 4 ).
  • X is C(R 2 ), X 1 is N, and X 2 is C(R 4 ). In some embodiments, X is C(R 2 ), X 1 is C(R 3 ), and X 2 is C(R 4 ). In some embodiments, X 2 is N. In some embodiments, X is C(R 2 ) and X 2 is N. In some embodiments, X 1 is N and X 2 is N. In some embodiments, X is C(R 2 ), X 1 is N, and X 2 is N. In some embodiments, X is C(R 2 ), X 1 is C(R 3 ), and X 2 is N.
  • X is N. In some embodiments, X is N and X 1 is C(R 3 ). In some embodiments, X is N and X 1 is N. In some embodiments, X is N and X 2 is C(R 4 ). In some embodiments, X is N, X 1 is N, and X 2 is C(R 4 ). In some embodiments, X is N, X 1 is C(R 3 ), and X 2 is C(R 4 ). In some embodiments, X is N, X 1 is N, and X 2 is N. In some embodiments, X is N, X 1 is C(R 3 ), and X 2 is N. In some embodiments, X is not N. In some embodiments, X 2 is not N.
  • each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 when present, is independently H, deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b , —OS(O) 2 NR a R b ,
  • R 2 when present, is independently H, deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b , —OS(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b
  • R 3 when present, is independently H, deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b , —OS(O) 2 NR a R b
  • R 4 when present, is independently H, deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR a , —OC(O)R a , —OC(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)R a , —OS(O) 2 R a , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , —S(O)NR a R b , —S(O) 2 NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b , —OS(O)NR a R b , —OS(O) 2 NR a R b
  • each of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 when present, is independently H, deuterium, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, —OR c , —OC(O)R c , —OC(O)NR c R d , —OC( ⁇ N)NR c R d , —OS(O)R c , —OS(O) 2 R c , —OS(O)NR c R d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R d , —SR c , —S(O)R c , —S(O)
  • R 5 when present, is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl. In some embodiments, R 5 , when present, is H or methyl. In some embodiments, R 6 , when present, is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl. In some embodiments, R 6 , when present, is H, methyl, or ethyl. In some embodiments, R 7 , when present, is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl. In some embodiments, R 7 , when present, is H, methyl, or ethyl.
  • R 8 when present, is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl. In some embodiments, R 8 , when present, is H, methyl, or ethyl. In some embodiments, R 9 , when present, is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl. In some embodiments, R 9 , when present, is H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R 10 , when present, is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl.
  • R 9 when present, is H, methyl, ethyl, or phenyl.
  • R 11 is H, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl. In some embodiments, R 11 , is H.
  • the disclosure provides a compound selected from the group consisting of (11E)-1-methyl-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine;
  • the disclosure provides a compound selected from the group consisting of (18E)-8-methyl-8,9,11,12-tetrahydro-2H-5,3-(azenometheno)dipyrazolo[3,4-f:4′,3′-j][1,4,9]benzodioxazacyclopentadecine;
  • the disclosure provides a compound selected from the group consisting of (18E)-8-methyl-2,8,11,12-tetrahydro-10H-3,5-ethenodipyrazolo[3,4-f:4′,3′-j][1,5,9]benzodioxazacyclopentadecine;
  • compositions comprising the compounds described herein may further comprise one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients.
  • a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient is a substance that is non-toxic and otherwise biologically suitable for administration to a subject. Such excipients facilitate administration of the compounds described herein and are compatible with the active ingredient. Examples of pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients include stabilizers, lubricants, surfactants, diluents, anti-oxidants, binders, coloring agents, bulking agents, emulsifiers, or taste-modifying agents.
  • pharmaceutical compositions according to the disclosure are sterile compositions. Pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared using compounding techniques known or that become available to those skilled in the art.
  • compositions are also contemplated by the disclosure, including compositions that are in accord with national and local regulations governing such compositions.
  • compositions and compounds described herein may be formulated as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions in suitable pharmaceutical solvents or carriers, or as pills, tablets, lozenges, suppositories, sachets, dragees, granules, powders, powders for reconstitution, or capsules along with solid carriers according to conventional methods known in the art for preparation of various dosage forms.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure may be administered by a suitable route of delivery, such as oral, parenteral, rectal, nasal, topical, or ocular routes, or by inhalation.
  • the compositions are formulated for intravenous or oral administration.
  • the compounds the disclosure may be provided in a solid form, such as a tablet or capsule, or as a solution, emulsion, or suspension.
  • the compounds of the disclosure may be formulated to yield a dosage of, e.g., from about 0.1 mg to 1 g daily, or about 1 mg to 50 mg daily, or about 50 to 250 mg daily, or about 250 mg to 1 g daily.
  • Oral tablets may include the active ingredient(s) mixed with compatible pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as diluents, disintegrating agents, binding agents, lubricating agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservative agents.
  • Suitable inert fillers include sodium and calcium carbonate, sodium and calcium phosphate, lactose, starch, sugar, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, mannitol, sorbitol, and the like.
  • Exemplary liquid oral excipients include ethanol, glycerol, water, and the like.
  • Starch, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose, and alginic acid are exemplary disintegrating agents.
  • Binding agents may include starch and gelatin.
  • the lubricating agent if present, may be magnesium stearate, stearic acid, or talc. If desired, the tablets may be coated with a material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate to delay absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or may be coated with an enteric coating.
  • Capsules for oral administration include hard and soft gelatin capsules.
  • active ingredient(s) may be mixed with a solid, semi-solid, or liquid diluent.
  • Soft gelatin capsules may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with water, an oil, such as peanut oil or olive oil, liquid paraffin, a mixture of mono and di-glycerides of short chain fatty acids, polyethylene glycol 400, or propylene glycol.
  • Liquids for oral administration may be in the form of suspensions, solutions, emulsions, or syrups, or may be lyophilized or presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid compositions may optionally contain: pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients such as suspending agents (for example, sorbitol, methyl cellulose, sodium alginate, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, aluminum stearate gel and the like); non-aqueous vehicles, e.g., oil (for example, almond oil or fractionated coconut oil), propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, or water; preservatives (for example, methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid); wetting agents such as lecithin; and, if desired, flavoring or coloring agents.
  • suspending agents for example, sorbitol, methyl cellulose, sodium alginate, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl
  • the agents of the disclosure may be provided in sterile aqueous solutions or suspensions, buffered to an appropriate pH and isotonicity or in parenterally acceptable oil.
  • Suitable aqueous vehicles include Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride.
  • Such forms may be presented in unit-dose form such as ampoules or disposable injection devices, in multi-dose forms such as vials from which the appropriate dose may be withdrawn, or in a solid form or pre-concentrate that can be used to prepare an injectable formulation.
  • Illustrative infusion doses range from about 1 to 1000 ⁇ g/kg/minute of agent admixed with a pharmaceutical carrier over a period ranging from several minutes to several days.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be administered using, for example, a spray formulation also containing a suitable carrier.
  • the inventive compositions may be formulated for rectal administration as a suppository.
  • the compounds of the present disclosure are preferably formulated as creams or ointments or a similar vehicle suitable for topical administration.
  • the inventive compounds may be mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10% of drug to vehicle.
  • Another mode of administering the agents of the disclosure may utilize a patch formulation to effect transdermal delivery.
  • the compounds and compositions described herein can be used to treat or used in methods from the treatment of disease, such as cancer.
  • the terms “treat” or “treatment” encompass both “preventative” and “curative” treatment.
  • Preventative treatment is meant to indicate a postponement of development of a disease, a symptom of a disease, or medical condition, suppressing symptoms that may appear, or reducing the risk of developing or recurrence of a disease or symptom.
  • “Curative” treatment includes reducing the severity of or suppressing the worsening of an existing disease, symptom, or condition.
  • treatment includes ameliorating or preventing the worsening of existing disease symptoms, preventing additional symptoms from occurring, ameliorating or preventing the underlying systemic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the disorder or disease, e.g., arresting the development of the disorder or disease, relieving the disorder or disease, causing regression of the disorder or disease, relieving a condition caused by the disease or disorder, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or disorder.
  • subject refers to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment, such as a human.
  • Exemplary diseases include cancer, pain, neurological diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation.
  • the term “cancer” includes, but is not limited to, ALCL, NSCLC, neuroblastoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, adult renal cell carcinoma, pediatric renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, ER + breast cancer, colonic adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic thyroid cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, angiosarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, thyroid papillary cancer, spitzoid neoplasms, sarcoma, astrocytoma, brain lower grade glioma, secretory breast carcinoma, mammary analogue carcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia
  • cancer includes, lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric and esophago-gastric cancers, glioblastoma, head and neck cancers, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
  • Pain includes, for example, pain from any source or etiology, including cancer pain, pain from chemotherapeutic treatment, nerve pain, pain from injury, or other sources.
  • Autoimmune diseases include, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, Type I diabetes, and lupus.
  • Exemplary neurological diseases include Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease.
  • Exemplary inflammatory diseases include atherosclerosis, allergy, and inflammation from infection or injury.
  • the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure specifically target tyrosine receptor kinases, in particular EGFR.
  • the compounds and compositions described herein target particular EGFR mutations, such as L858R, Del19, ⁇ 746-750, ⁇ 746-750/T790M, ⁇ 746-750/C979S, L858R/T790M, Del19/T790M, L858R/C979S, Del19/C979S, L858R/T790M/C979S, and A746-750/T790M/C979S.
  • the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be used to prevent, reverse, slow, or inhibit the activity of one or more kinases, or one or more mutations in the EGFR kinase.
  • methods of treatment target cancer are preferred embodiments.
  • methods are for treating lung cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer.
  • EGFR mutation refers to the EGFR protein (epidermal growth factor receptor) that is a tyrosine kinase receptor belonging to the ErbB family, and is encoded by the EGFR gene.
  • the terms EGFR gene and ErbB family will be known and understood by one of skill in the art. It will be appreciated that an EGFR mutation describes a protein sequence mutation, such as L858R where a leucine to arginine mutation occurs at position 858 of the EGFR protein (a.k.a. EGFR L858R).
  • an EGFR L858R protein is a gene product of the EGFR L858R gene that can be the result of a coding sequence mutation, e.g. thymine to guanine substitution, at position 2573 (T2573G), occurring in Exon 21 of the coding sequence.
  • a coding sequence mutation e.g. thymine to guanine substitution, at position 2573 (T2573G)
  • T2573G thymine to guanine substitution
  • EGFR mutations include but are not limited to L858R, Del19, ⁇ 746-750, ⁇ 746-750/T790M, ⁇ 746-750/C979S, L858R/T790M, Del19/T790M, L858R/C979S, Del19/C979S, L858R/T790M/C979S, and ⁇ 746-750/T790M/C979S.
  • an “effective amount” means an amount sufficient to inhibit the target protein. Measuring such target modulation may be performed by routine analytical methods such as those described below. Such modulation is useful in a variety of settings, including in vitro assays.
  • the cell is preferably a cancer cell with abnormal signaling due to upregulation of EGFR, such as a cell expressing an EGFR protein having one or more EGFR mutations, such as L858R, Del19, ⁇ 746-750, A746-750/T790M, ⁇ 746-750/C979S, L858R/T790M, Del19/T790M, L858R/C979S, Del19/C979S, L858R/T790M/C979S, and ⁇ 746-750/T790M/C979S.
  • EGFR mutations such as L858R, Del19, ⁇ 746-750, A746-750/T790M, ⁇ 746-750/C979S, L858R/T790M, Del19/T790M, L858R/C979S, Del19/C979S, L858R/T790M/C979S, and ⁇ 746-750/T790
  • an “effective amount” means an amount or dose sufficient to generally bring about the desired therapeutic benefit in subjects needing such treatment.
  • Effective amounts or doses of the compounds of the disclosure may be ascertained by routine methods, such as modeling, dose escalation, or clinical trials, taking into account routine factors, e.g., the mode or route of administration or drug delivery, the pharmacokinetics of the agent, the severity and course of the infection, the subject's health status, condition, and weight, and the judgment of the treating physician.
  • An exemplary dose is in the range of about from about 0.1 mg to 1 g daily, or about 1 mg to 50 mg daily, or about 50 to 250 mg daily, or about 250 mg to 1 g daily.
  • the total dosage may be given in single or divided dosage units (e.g., BID, TID, QID).
  • the dose may be adjusted for preventative or maintenance treatment.
  • the dosage or the frequency of administration, or both may be reduced as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the desired therapeutic or prophylactic effect is maintained.
  • treatment may cease. Patients may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of symptoms. Patients may also require chronic treatment on a long-term basis.
  • the disclosure provides a method of treating disease, such as cancer, in a subject comprising, administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides a compound as described herein or a pharmaceutical composition as described herein, for use in a method of treating disease, such as cancer, in a subject.
  • the disclosure provides for the use of a compound as described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of disease, such as cancer in a subject.
  • the methods, compositions, uses, compounds and medicaments described herein can be used in connection with disease, such as cancers described herein, including those that are mediated or driven by EGFR mutations, such as the exemplary mutations, L858R, Del19, ⁇ 746-750, ⁇ 746-750/T790M, ⁇ 746-750/C979S, L858R/T790M, Del19/T790M, L858R/C979S, Del19/C979S, L858R/T790M/C979S, and A746-750/T790M/C979S.
  • disease such as cancers described herein, including those that are mediated or driven by EGFR mutations, such as the exemplary mutations, L858R, Del19, ⁇ 746-750, ⁇ 746-750/T790M, ⁇ 746-750/C979S, L858R/T790M, Del19/T790M, L858R/T790M
  • inventive compounds described herein may be used in pharmaceutical compositions or methods in combination with one or more additional active ingredients in the treatment of the diseases and disorders described herein.
  • Further additional active ingredients include other therapeutics or agents that mitigate adverse effects of therapies for the intended disease targets. Such combinations may serve to increase efficacy, ameliorate other disease symptoms, decrease one or more side effects, or decrease the required dose of an inventive compound.
  • the additional active ingredients may be administered in a separate pharmaceutical composition from a compound of the present disclosure or may be included with a compound of the present disclosure in a single pharmaceutical composition.
  • the additional active ingredients may be administered simultaneously with, prior to, or after administration of a compound of the present disclosure.
  • Combination agents include additional active ingredients are those that are known or discovered to be effective in treating the diseases and disorders described herein, including those active against another target associated with the disease.
  • compositions and formulations of the disclosure, as well as methods of treatment can further comprise other drugs or pharmaceuticals, e.g., other active agents useful for treating or palliative for the target diseases or related symptoms or conditions.
  • additional such agents include, but are not limited to, kinase inhibitors, such as ALK inhibitors (e.g., crizotinib), Raf inhibitors (e.g., vemurafenib), VEGFR inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib), standard chemotherapy agents such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anti-tumor antibiotics, topoisomerase inhibitors, platinum drugs, mitotic inhibitors, antibodies, hormone therapies, or corticosteroids.
  • suitable combination agents include anti-inflammatories such as NSAIDs.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure may additional comprise one or more of such active agents, and methods of treatment may additionally comprise administering an effective amount of one or more of such active agents.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (X)
  • A, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Z, R 1 , R 11 , m, n, and o are as defined herein.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XI)
  • A, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Z, R 1 , R 11 , m, and n are as defined herein.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XII)
  • A, B, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Z, R 1 , R 11 , n, and o are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XIII)
  • A, B, L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Z, R 1 , R 11 , and n are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XIV)
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XV)
  • Z is H, halogen, —OTf, —OMs, COOH, and the like. It will be appreciated that Z can be a variety of groups that are useful in coupling reactions, depending on the reaction conditions that are known to one of skill in the art for ring closing reactions. In some embodiments, Z is Cl, Br or I.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XVI)
  • L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Z, Z 1 , R 11 , m, and o are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XVII)
  • L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Z, Z 1 , R 11 , and m are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XVIII)
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XIX)
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XX)
  • L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Z, Z 1 , and R 11 , and o are as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of the formula (XXI)
  • L, L 1 , X, X 1 , X 2 , Y, Y 1 , Y 2 , Z, Z 1 , and R 11 are as described herein.
  • Z is halogen. In some embodiments, Z is Br. In some embodiments, Z 1 is a leaving group or a protecting group. In some embodiments, Z 1 is a leaving group. In some embodiments, Z 1 is protecting group.
  • A1-1 (1.00 eq.), bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.05 eq.), potassium acetate (3.00 eq.) and anhydrous DMSO (0.26 M) are charged into a round bottom flask. After degassing the resulting reaction mixture with nitrogen for 15 minutes, 1,1-[Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichloropalladium(II) (Pd(dppf)Cl 2 , 0.05 eq.) is added. The reaction is then heated to 86° C. under nitrogen. After stirring for 20 hours, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and slowly poured into 1.2 L of diethyl ether.
  • the resulting mixture is transferred to a 2 L separation funnel, and the lower layer is discarded.
  • the upper layer is washed with 1.0 M magnesium sulfate twice and brine solution, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness.
  • the residue is purified on a silica gel column chromatography eluting with hexane-EtOAc (4:1) to afford the desired compound A1.
  • A1-A7 are prepared using General Method A as shown in the table below:
  • Step 1 A suspension of B1-1 (1.0 eq.), CS 2 CO 3 or K 2 CO 3 (1.5 eq.) and alkyl halide B1-2 (1.2 eq.) in anhydrous DMF (0.2 M) is stirred under N 2 at 60° C. until completion. The reaction mixture is then diluted with EtOAc and washed twice with HCl (aq) (1 M) and then brine, dried over MgSO 4 , concentrated under vacuum, and purified on a silica gel column to provide B1-3.
  • Step 2 To a solution of B1-3 (1.0 eq.) in dry acetonitrile (0.25 M) is added N-bromosuccinimide (1.05 eq.) and the solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the reaction is completed. The reaction is quenched with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (0.1N) and the acetonitrile is then removed under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with water and brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the crude product is purified on a silica gel column to provide pure product B1.
  • Step 1 C1-1 (1.0 eq.) is added to a suspension of NaH (60% in mineral oil, 1.1 eq.) in THF (0.5 M) at ambient temperature. After 30 min, to above suspension is added alkyl halide C1-2 (1.0 eq). After the reaction is complete, the reaction is quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and extracted with EtOAc for three times. The combined extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column to provide C1-3.
  • Step 2 To a solution of C1-3 (1.0 eq.) in dry acetonitrile (0.25 M) is added N-bromosuccinimide (1.05 eq.) and the solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the reaction is completed. The reaction is quenched with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (0.1N) and the acetonitrile is then removed under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with water and brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the crude product is purified on a silica gel column to provide pure product C1.
  • Step 1 To a solution of C3-1 (1 eq.) in methanol (0.2 M) and acetic acid (1.5 eq.) are added C3-2 (1 eq.) and NaCNBH 3 (2 eq.) at ambient temperature. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase layer is separated, washed sequentially with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine, concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (0.2 M) and the solution is cooled to 0° C. To the solution is added di(tert-butyl) dicarbonate (1.2 eq) portionwise. The ice bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred for overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction solution is diluted with dichloromethane, washed with water, and dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the residue is purified on a silica gel column to provide C 3-3 .
  • Step 2 C3-3 is converted to C3 using the step 2 procedure in General Method C.
  • Step 1 To a solution of A1 (1.0 eq.) and B1 (1.2 eq.) and Cs 2 CO 3 (3 eq.) in DME/H 2 O (5:1, 0.2 M) under N 2 , is added Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (0.05 eq.). The mixture is stirred at 85° C. overnight, cooled to ambient temperature, and quenched with H 2 O. The resulting mixture is extracted with EtOAc for three times. The combined extracts are washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 . After filtration and condensation, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired product D1-1.
  • Step 2 To a solution of D1-1 (1.0 eq.) in dry acetonitrile (0.25 M) is added N-bromosuccinimide (1.05 eq.) and the solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the reaction is completed. The reaction is quenched with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (0.1N) and the acetonitrile is then removed under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with water and brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the crude product was purified on a silica gel column to provide pure product D1-2.
  • Step 3 To a solution of D1-2 (1.0 eq.) and triethylamine (2.2 eq.) in dichloromethane (0.25 M) is added methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl, 2.1 eq.) and the solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the reaction is completed. The reaction is quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with water and brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the crude product is purified on a silica gel column to provide pure product D1.
  • MsCl methanesulfonyl chloride
  • D1-D29 are prepared via the General Method D using the corresponding two starting materials A and B or C or other commercially available starting materials as shown in the table below:
  • Step 1 To a stirring solution of E1-1 (1.0 eq.) in toluene (0.2 M) are added E1-2 (1.5 eq.) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 eq.), BINAP (0.05 eq.) and Pd(OAc) 2 (0.05) under nitrogen. The mixture is heated at 85° C. for 20 h and cooled to ambient temperature. The reaction is quenched with sat. aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The combined extracts are washed with brine and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . After filtration and concentration, the residue is purified on a silica gel column to provide E1-3.
  • Step 2 To a solution of E1-3 (1.0 eq.) in dry acetonitrile (0.25 M) is added N-bromosuccinimide (1.05 eq.) and the solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the reaction is completed. The reaction is quenched with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (0.1N) and the acetonitrile is then removed under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with water and brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the crude product was purified on a silica gel column to provide pure product E1-4.
  • Step 3 E1-4 (1.0 eq.) is added to a suspension of NaH (60% in mineral oil, 1.1 eq.) in THF (0.5 M) at ambient temperature. After 30 min, to above suspension is added E1-5 (1.0 eq). After the reaction is complete, the reaction is quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and extracted with EtOAc for three times. The combined extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column to provide E1.
  • Step 1 F1-1 (1.0 eq.) is added to a suspension of NaH (60% in mineral oil, 1.0 eq.) in THF (0.5 M) at ambient temperature. After 30 min, to above suspension is added F1-2 (1.0 eq). After the reaction is complete, the reaction is quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and extracted with EtOAc for three times. The combined extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column to provide F1-3.
  • Step 2 F1-3 (1.0 eq.) is added to a suspension of NaH (60% in mineral oil, 1.1 eq.) in THF (0.5 M) at ambient temperature. After 30 min, to above suspension is added E1-1 (1.0 eq). The reaction is heated at 60° C. under nitrogen. After the reaction is complete, the reaction is cooled down and quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and extracted with EtOAc for three times. The combined extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column to provide F1-4.
  • Step 3 To a solution of F1-4 (1.0 eq.) in dry acetonitrile (0.25 M) is added N-bromosuccinimide (1.05 eq.) and the solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the reaction is completed. The reaction is quenched with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (0.1N) and the acetonitrile is then removed under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with water and brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the crude product was purified on a silica gel column to provide pure product F1.
  • F1-F4 are prepared using General Method F as shown below:
  • Step 1 To a solution of H1-1 (1.0 eq.) and H1-2 (1.0 eq.) in DMF (0.2 M) are added diisopropylethylamine (DiPEA, 3 eq.) and pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinate (FDPP) (1.1 eq). The solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the amide formation is completed. The mixture is diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc for three times. The combined extracts are washed with water for three times, aqueous HCl (1N), saturated aqueous Na 2 CO 3 and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated. The resulting residue is purified by a silica gel column to afford H1-3.
  • DiPEA diisopropylethylamine
  • FDPP pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinate
  • Step 2 To a solution of H1-3 (1.0 eq.) in dry acetonitrile (0.25 M) is added N-bromosuccinimide (1.05 eq.) and the solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the reaction is completed. The reaction is quenched with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (0.1N) and the acetonitrile is then removed under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with water and brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the crude product was purified on a silica gel column to provide pure product H1-4.
  • Step 3 To a solution of H1-4 (1.0 eq.) and triethylamine (2.2 eq.) in dichloromethane (0.25 M) is added methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl, 2.1 eq.) and the solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the reaction is completed. The reaction is quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with water and brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the crude product is purified on a silica gel column to provide pure product H1.
  • MsCl methanesulfonyl chloride
  • H1-H5 are prepared using General Method H.
  • Step 1 To a solution of I1-1 (1.00 eq.) and vinylboronic acid pinacol ester (1.2 eq.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 M), is added potassium carbonate (2.00 eq.) in water (2 M) and the nitrogen gas is bubbled through the solution for 15 minutes. Pd(dppf ⁇ Cl 2 -DCM (0.05) is then added to the solution. The reaction is stirred at 100° C. under nitrogen for 18 h. The solution is cooled, diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic solution is then washed with 1 N aqueous NaOH solution and brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The organic solution is then concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is purified on silica gel column to provide I1-2.
  • Step 2 To a solution of I1-2 (1.0 eq.) in DMF (0.2 M) are added cesium carbonate (3.0 eq.) and D1 (1.00 eq.). The reaction mixture is heated to reflux at 80° C. for 18 h. The solution is concentrated in vacuo, re-dissolved in ethyl acetate, and washed with water and brine. The organic layer is then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is purified on silica gel column to afford I1.
  • Step 1 To a solution of J1-1 (1.00 eq.) and vinylboronic acid pinacol ester (1.2 eq.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 M), is added potassium carbonate (2.00 eq.) in water (2 M) and the nitrogen gas is bubbled through the solution for 15 minutes. Pd(dppf ⁇ Cl2-DCM (0.05) is then added to the solution. The reaction is stirred at 100° C. under nitrogen for 18 h. The solution is cooled, diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic solution is then washed with 1 N aqueous NaOH solution and brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The organic solution is then concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is purified on silica gel column to provide J1-2.
  • Step 2 To a solution of J1-2 (1.00 eq.) in CH 2 Cl 2 (0.2 M) is added a solution of HCl in dioxane (4 eq HCl). The solution is stirred at 40° C. until the de-Boc is completed. The solvents are removed under rotavap. The residue is redissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous Na 2 CO 3 solution and dried over sodium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, J1-3 is obtained which is used for the next step without purification.
  • Step 3 To a solution of J1-3 (1 eq.) in methanol (0.2 M) and acetic acid (1.5 eq.) are added D17 (1 eq.) and NaCNBH 3 (2 eq.) at ambient temperature. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase layer is separated, washed sequentially with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine, concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (0.2 M) and the solution is cooled to 0° C. To the solution is added di(tert-butyl) dicarbonate (2.2 eq) portionwise. The ice bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred for overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction solution is diluted with dichloromethane, washed with water, and dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and condensation, the residue is purified on a silica gel column to provide J1.
  • J1-J5 are prepared using General Method J.
  • Step 1 To a solution of K1-1 (1.00 eq.) and vinylboronic acid pinacol ester (1.2 eq.) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 M), is added potassium carbonate (2.00 eq.) in water (2 M) and the nitrogen gas is bubbled through the solution for 15 minutes. Pd(dppf ⁇ Cl2-DCM (0.05) is then added to the solution. The reaction is stirred at 100° C. under nitrogen for 18 h. The solution is cooled, diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic solution is then washed with 1 N aqueous NaOH solution and brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The organic solution is then concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is purified on silica gel column to provide K1-2.
  • Step 2 To a solution of K1-2 (1.0 eq.) in MeOH (0.2 M) is added LiOH (3 eq) in H 2 O (1 M). The mixture is stirred at 60° C. until the hydrolysis reaction is completed. The solution is cooled to ambient temperature, concentrated to remove methanol, acidified by aqueous HCl (1 N) until pH ⁇ 4-5, and then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined extracts are dried over Na 2 SO 4 , concentrated, and dried under vacuum to provide K1-3 which is used for the next step without purification.
  • Step 3 To a solution of D22 (1.00 eq.) in CH 2 Cl 2 (0.2 M) is added a solution of HCl in dioxane (4 eq HCl). The solution is stirred at 40° C. until the de-Boc is completed. The solvents are removed under rotavap and dried under vacuum to provide K1-4 which is used for the next step without purification.
  • Step 4 To a solution of K1-3 (1 eq.) and K1-4 (1.0 eq) in DMF (0.2 M) are added DIPEA (3 eq.) and pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinate (FDPP) (1.1 eq). The solution is stirred at ambient temperature until the amide formation is completed. The mixture is diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc for three times. The combined extracts are washed with water for three times, aqueous HCl (1N), saturated aqueous Na 2 CO 3 and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated. The resulting residue is purified by a silica gel column to afford compound K1.
  • DIPEA 3 eq.
  • FDPP pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinate
  • K1-K27 are prepared based on General Method K.
  • Step 1 To a solution of D1 (1.00 eq.), DIPEA (1.2 eq.) in DMF (0.1 M) are added Pd(OAc) 2 (0.05 eq.) and P(o-tol) 3 (0.07 eq). The mixture is heated at 90° C. until the reaction is complete. The reaction is cooled and concentrated. The residue is diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered via a celite pad. The filtration is washed with water and brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration, the residue is purified by silica gel chromatography to provide Z-1.
  • Step 2 To a solution of Z-1 (1.0 eq.) in 1:1 THF/MeOH (0.2 M) is added hydrazine (10 eq.). The solution is stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is purified by silica gel chromatography to provide 1.
  • Step 1 is obtained following the step 1 in General Method Z1.
  • Step 2 To a solution of Z-2 (1 eq.) in 1,4-dioxane (1 M) is added equal volume of Con. HCl. The solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours and then heated at 100° C. for 48 hours. The reaction is cooled and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with saturated aqueous Na 2 CO 3 , and dried over sodium sulfate. After filtration and concentration, the residue is purified by a reversed phase chromatography to provide 25.
  • Compounds 1-61 can be prepared using either General Method Z1 or Z2 or part of procedures in General Method Z1 or Z2.
  • Example 1 Preparation of (11E)-1-methyl-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine (Cpd. 1)
  • Step 1 To a solution of 5-bromo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (1 g, 5.05 mmol, 1 eq) in DCM (10 mL) was added TEA (1.53 g, 15.1 mmol, 2.11 mL, 3 eq) and tert-butoxycarbonyl tert-butyl carbonate (1.32 g, 6.06 mmol, 1.39 mL, 1.2 eq). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was washed with 1M HCl (20 mL ⁇ 3). The organic phase was washed with aq.
  • Step 2 To a mixture of 2-methylpyrazol-3-ol (16.5 g, 168 mmol, 1 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (69.5 g, 503 mmol, 3.00 eq) in DMF (700 mL) was added 2-(3-bromopropoxy)tetrahydropyran (56.1 g, 251 mmol, 1.5 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 12 hours. On completion, the mixture was added water (3 L) and extracted with ethyl acetate (500 ml ⁇ 5). The combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a residue.
  • Step 3 A mixture of 1-methyl-5-(3-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxypropoxy)pyrazole (27.0 g, 112 mmol, 1 eq), PTSA (3.87 g, 22.4 mmol, 0.2 eq) in MeOH (40 mL) was stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum. It was added NaHCO 3 solution to adjust pH to the value of 7 and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL ⁇ 4).
  • Step 4 A mixture of 3-(2-methylpyrazol-3-yl)oxypropan-1-ol (11.7 g, 74.9 mmol, 1 eq) in MeCN (250 mL) was added NBS (13.7 g, 77.1 mmol, 1.03 eq). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1.5 hours. On completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give crude which was purified by prep-HPLC (FA condition) to give 3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxypropan-1-ol (10.1 g, 42.9 mmol, 57.35% yield) as yellow oil.
  • Step 5 To a mixture of 3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxypropan-1-ol (10 g, 42.5 mmol, 2 eq) and 2-vinylphenol (2.56 g, 21.2 mmol, 1 eq), PPh 3 (12.2 g, 46.7 mmol, 2.2 eq) in 2-MeTHF (450 mL) was stirred at 15° C. for 0.5 hours under N 2 . Then the mixture was added DIAD (9.46 g, 46.7 mmol, 9.10 mL, 2.2 eq) at 0° C. and stirred at 15° C. for 16 hours.
  • DIAD 9.46 g, 46.7 mmol, 9.10 mL, 2.2 eq
  • Step 6 To a mixture of 4-bromo-1-methyl-5-[3-(2-vinylphenoxy)propoxy]pyrazole (1 g, 2.97 mmol, 1 eq) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1.51 g, 5.93 mmol, 2 eq) in THF (35 mL) was added BrettPhos Pd G3 (268 mg, 296 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) and K 3 PO 4 (1.89 g, 8.90 mmol, 3 eq). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 16 hours.
  • Step 7 To a mixture of 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5-[3-(2-vinylphenoxy)propoxy]pyrazole (553 mg, 1.44 mmol, 2 eq), tert-butyl 5-bromopyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1-carboxylate (214 mg, 719 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in H 2 O (1 mL) and dioxane (10 mL) was added Cs 2 CO 3 (703 mg, 2.16 mmol, 3 eq) and ditert-butyl(cyclopentyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron (46.9 mg, 71.9 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq).
  • Step 8 To a solution of 5-[1-methyl-5-[3-(2-vinylphenoxy)propoxy]pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (113 mg, 301 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in THF (2.2 mL) was added tBuOK (101 mg, 903 ⁇ mol, 3 eq). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 6 minutes, after that a solution of 12 (91.6 mg, 361 ⁇ mol, 72.7 ⁇ L, 1.2 eq) in THF (3.3 mL) was added to the mixtures.
  • Step 9 To a solution of 3-iodo-5-[1-methyl-5-[3-(2-vinylphenoxy)propoxy]pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (79 mg, 157 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DMF (3 mL) was added tris-o-tolylphosphane (4.80 mg, 15.76 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq), DIPEA (40.7 mg, 315 ⁇ mol, 54.9 ⁇ L, 2 eq) and Pd(OAc) 2 (1.77 mg, 7.88 ⁇ mol, 0.05 eq). The resulting mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 12 hours.
  • Cpd. 2 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 1 using 2-2 and 1-8 as starting materials.
  • Step 1 To a mixture of 4-bromo-1-methyl-5-[3-(2-vinylphenoxy)propoxy]pyrazole (500 mg, 1.48 mmol, 1 eq.) and 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole (434 mg, 1.78 mmol, 1.2 eq.) in dioxane (10 mL) and H 2 O (3.3 mL) was added K 3 PO 4 (944 mg, 4.45 mmol, 3 eq.), tritert-butylphosphonium;tetrafluoroborate (43.0 mg, 148 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq.) and Pd 2 (dba) 3 (67.9 mg, 74.1 ⁇ mol, 0.05 eq.), the resulting mixture was stirred at 120° C.
  • Step 2 To a solution of 6-[1-methyl-5-[3-(2-vinylphenoxy)propoxy]pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indazole (210 mg, 561 ⁇ mol, 1 eq.) in THF (4 mL) was added t-BuOK (189 mg, 1.68 mmol, 3 eq.), the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 5 mins, after that a solution of I 2 (185 mg, 729 ⁇ mol, 1.3 eq.) in THF (6 mL) was added to the mixture, the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for another 2 hours. On completion, the mixture was filtered and concentrated to give a residue.
  • t-BuOK 189 mg, 1.68 mmol, 3 eq.
  • Step 3 To a solution of 3-iodo-6-[1-methyl-5-[3-(2-vinylphenoxy)propoxy]pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indazole (60.0 mg, 119 ⁇ mol, 1 eq.) in DMF (6 mL) was added tris-o-tolylphosphane (3.65 mg, 11.9 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq.), DIEA (31.0 mg, 239 ⁇ mol, 41.8 ⁇ L, 2 eq.) and Pd(OAc) 2 (1.35 mg, 6.00 ⁇ mol, 0.05 eq.), the resulting mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 16 hours.
  • Step 1 To a solution of 4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-pyrazole (15.0 g, 85.7 mmol, 1 eq) in CCl 4 (200 mL) was added AIBN (1.41 g, 8.57 mmol, 0.1 eq) and NBS (15.2 g, 85.7 mmol, 1 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 h. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to give a residue.
  • Step 2 To a solution of 4-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole (20.0 g, 78.8 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (400 mL) was added 2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethanol (20.8 g, 118 mmol, 1.5 eq), TBAI (2.91 g, 7.88 mmol, 0.1 eq) and KOH (13.3 g, 236 mmol, 3 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to give residue.
  • Step 3 To a solution of 2-[(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]ethoxy-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane (13.1 g, 37.5 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (132 mL) was added TBAF ⁇ 3H 2 O (17.8 g, 56.2 mmol, 1.5 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to give a residue.
  • Step 4 The mixture of 2-[(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]ethanol (2.00 g, 8.51 mmol, 2 eq), 2-vinylphenol (511 mg, 4.25 mmol, 1 eq) and PPh 3 (2.45 g, 9.36 mmol, 2.2 eq) in 2-MeTHF (48 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 30 min, then DIAD (1.89 g, 9.36 mmol, 2.2 eq) was added dropwise to the mixture at 0° C., the resulting mixture was stirred for another 24 h at 25° C. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to give a residue.
  • Step 5 To a mixture of 4-bromo-1-methyl-5-[2-(2-vinylphenoxy)ethoxymethyl]pyrazole (1.10 g, 3.26 mmol, 1 eq) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1.66 g, 6.52 mmol, 2 eq) in THF (22 mL) was added K 3 PO 4 (2.08 g, 9.79 mmol, 3 eq) and BrettPhos Pd G3 (295 mg, 326 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 h.
  • Step 6a To a mixture of 5-chloro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (100 mg, 647 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) and TEA (98.2 mg, 970 ⁇ mol, 1.5 eq) in DCM (2 mL) was added (Boc) 2 O (169 mg, 776.41 ⁇ mol, 1.2 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to give a residue.
  • Step 6 To a mixture of 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5-[2-(2-vinylphenoxy)ethoxymethyl]pyrazole (93.0 mg, 242 ⁇ mol, 2 eq) and tert-butyl 5-chloropyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-1-carboxylate (30.8 mg, 121 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in dioxane (2.25 mL) and H 2 O (0.2 mL) was added Cs 2 CO 3 (118 mg, 363 ⁇ mol, 3 eq), ditert-butyl(cyclopentyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron (7.89 mg, 12.1 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 90° C.
  • Step 7 To a solution of 5-[1-methyl-5-[2-(2-vinylphenoxy)ethoxymethyl]pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (138 mg, 366 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in THF (2.5 mL) was added tBuOK (123.4 mg, 1.10 mmol, 3 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 5 min, then I 2 (93.0 mg, 366.6 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in THF (0.7 mL) was added dropwise and stirred for another 1 h at 25° C. On completion, the mixture was filtered and concentrated to give a residue.
  • Step 8 To a solution of 3-iodo-5-[1-methyl-5-[2-(2-vinylphenoxy)ethoxymethyl]pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (0.024 g, 47.78 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DMF (2.4 mL) was added tris-o-tolylphosphane (1.45 mg, 4.78 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq), DIPEA (12.3 mg, 95.6 ⁇ mol, 2 eq) and Pd(OAc)2 (1.07 mg, 4.78 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq), the resulting mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 12 h.
  • Step 1 To a solution of ethyl 2,4-dioxohexanoate (10.0 g, 58.1 mmol, 1 eq) in AcOH (65.7 g, 1.09 mol, 62.6 mL, 18.8 eq) was added methylhydrazine (7.45 g, 64.7 mmol, 8.51 mL, 40% purity, 1.11 eq) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 5 hours. LCMS showed desired MS in main peak. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give crude. The residue was purified by combi flash chromatography (120 g silica gel column, EtOAc in PE from 0% to 50%).
  • Ethyl 5-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (10.1 g, 55.5 mmol, 95.5% yield) was obtained as yellow oil.
  • Ethyl 5-ethyl-2-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (1.33 g, 7.30 mmol, 12.6% yield) was obtained as colorless oil.
  • Step 2 To a solution of ethyl 5-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (10.0 g, 54.9 mmol, 1 eq) in MeCN (200 mL) was added NBS (10.7 g, 60.4 mmol, 1.1 eq). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 3 hours. TLC (Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate/4:1, UV) showed starting material was consumed completely and another spot with lower polarity formed. The mixture was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL ⁇ 3). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to give crude (13.44 g).
  • Step 3 To a solution of ethyl 4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (13.4 g, 51.5 mmol, 1 eq), potassium hydride;trifluoro (vinyl) boron (13.8 g, 103 mmol, 2 eq), Cs 2 CO 3 (50.3 g, 154 mmol, 3 eq), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (3.77 g, 5.15 mmol, 0.1 eq) in dioxane (200 mL) and H 2 O (40 mL) was stirred at 80° C. under N 2 for 3 hours. LCMS showed starting material remained and no desired MS detected.
  • Step 4 To a solution of ethyl 5-ethyl-1-methyl-4-vinyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (1.00 g, 4.80 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (5 mL), MeOH (5 mL), H 2 O (3 mL) was added LiOH ⁇ H 2 O (604 mg, 14.4 mmol, 3 eq). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 5 hours. LCMS showed desired MS in main peak. The mixture was added 2 N HCl to just pH-5. The result solution was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL ⁇ 4). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to give crude.
  • Step 5 To a mixture of 6-methoxypyridin-3-ol (15.0 g, 120 mmol, 1 eq) and tert-butyl N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-carbamate (27.1 g, 155 mmol, 1.29 eq) in 2-MeTHF (100 mL) was added PPh 3 (47.2 g, 180 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DIAD (36.4 g, 180 mmol, 35.0 mL, 1.5 eq) at 0° C. under N 2 . The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hours under N 2 . Then the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for another 12 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum.
  • Step 6 To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[2-[(6-methoxy-3-pyridyl)oxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (3.00 g, 10.6 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (30 mL) was added t-BuLi (1.3 M, 16.4 mL, 2 eq) dropwise at ⁇ 70° C. The mixture was stirred at ⁇ 70° C. for 2 hours. Then 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3.95 g, 21.3 mmol, 4.34 mL, 2 eq) was added to the mixture at ⁇ 70° C.
  • Step 7 A mixture of tert-butyl N-[2-[[6-methoxy-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3-pyridyl]oxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (5.00 g, 12.3 mmol, 1 eq), tert-butyl 5-bromopyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1-carboxylate (750 mg, 2.52 mmol, 2.05e-1 eq), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 ⁇ CH 2 Cl 2 (250 mg, 306 ⁇ mol, 2.50e-2 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (3.00 g, 21.7 mmol, 1.77 eq) in DME (60 mL) and H 2 O (10 mL) was stirred at 100° C.
  • Step 8 To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[2-[[6-methoxy-4-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)-3-pyridyl]oxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (260 mg, 651 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in THF (5 mL) was added t-BuOK (220 mg, 1.96 mmol, 3.01 eq) and then I 2 (220 mg, 867 ⁇ mol, 175 ⁇ L, 1.33 eq) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. To the mixture was added NaHSO 3 (aq. 5 mL).
  • Step 9 To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[2-[[4-(3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)-6-methoxy-3-pyridyl]oxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (300 mg, 571 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DCM (4 mL) was added HCl/dioxane (4 M, 2.00 mL, 14 eq) slowly at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour.
  • Step 10 To a mixture of 2-[[4-(3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)-6-methoxy-3-pyridyl]oxy]-N-methyl-ethanamine (260 mg, 563 ⁇ mol, 1 eq, HCl) and 5-ethyl-1-methyl-4-vinyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (122 mg, 677 ⁇ mol, 1.2 eq) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIEA (364 mg, 2.82 mmol, 490 ⁇ L, 5 eq) and then T 3 P (538 mg, 845 ⁇ mol, 502 ⁇ L, 50% purity, 1.5 eq).
  • Step 11 A mixture of 5-ethyl-N-[2-[[4-(3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)-6-methoxy-3-pyridyl]oxy]ethyl]-N,1-dimethyl-4-vinyl-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (40.0 mg, 68.1 ⁇ mol, 1 eq), DIEA (26.4 mg, 204 ⁇ mol, 35.6 ⁇ L, 3 eq), tris-o-tolylphosphane (4.15 mg, 13.6 ⁇ mol, 0.2 eq) and diacetoxypalladium (1.53 mg, 6.81 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) in DMF (2 mL) was stirred at 120° C.
  • Step 12 To a solution of 38-13 (30.0 mg, 65.3 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DCM (3 mL) was added TMSI (131 mg, 653 ⁇ mol, 88.9 ⁇ L, 10 eq) dropwise at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C18 100 ⁇ 30 mm ⁇ 5 ⁇ m; mobile phase: [water(FA)-ACN]; B %: 10%-40%, 8 min) to give Cpd. 40 (6.50 mg, 14.5 ⁇ mol, 22.2% yield, 99.2% purity) as an off-white solid.
  • Step 1 To a solution of 5-bromo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (23.0 g, 116 mmol, 1 eq), t-BuOK (26.0 g, 232 mmol, 2 eq) in THF (300 mL) was added a solution of I 2 (32.4 g, 127 mmol, 1.1 eq) in THF (100 mL) dropwise at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hrs. On completion, the mixture was quenched with sat.
  • Step 2 To a solution of 5-bromo-3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (25.0 g, 77.1 mmol, 1 eq) in toluene (250 mL) was added TsOH (2.66 g, 15.4 mmol, 0.2 eq) and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (16.2 g, 192 mmol, 2.5 eq). The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 2 hrs. On completion, the mixture was washed with NH 4 Cl solution (2 ⁇ 100 mL), washed with brine (2 ⁇ 100 mL), dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Step 3 To a solution of 5-bromo-3-iodo-1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (12.0 g, 29.4 mmol, 1 eq), potassium hydride; trifluoro (vinyl)boron (19.7 g, 147 mmol, 5 eq) in a mixture solvent of dioxane (120 mL) and H 2 O (24 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (2.15 g, 2.94 mmol, 0.1 eq) and Na 2 CO 3 (9.35 g, 88.2 mmol, 3 eq). The mixture was stirred at 40° C.
  • Step 4 To a solution of 2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenol (5.00 g, 26.2 mmol, 1 eq) in DMF (120 mL) was added K 2 CO 3 (10.8 g, 78.5 mmol, 3 eq) and tert-butyl N-(2-bromoethyl) carbamate (7.04 g, 31.4 mmol, 1.2 eq). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. LCMS showed starting material was consumed completely and desired MS in main peak. The mixture was diluted with water (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL ⁇ 4).
  • Step 5 To a solution of tert-butyl N-[2-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenoxy)ethyl]carbamate (7.50 g, 22.4 mmol, 1 eq) in DMF (80 mL) was added NaH (1.35 g, 33.7 mmol, 60% purity, 1.5 eq) at 0° C. for 30 minutes. Then Mel (3.82 g, 26.9 mmol, 1.68 mL, 1.2 eq) was added to the mixture and stirred at 15° C. for 3 hours. TLC (Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate/4:1, UV) showed starting material was consumed completely and another spot with smaller polarity formed.
  • TLC Petroleum ether:Ethyl acetate/4:1, UV
  • Step 6 To a solution of tert-butyl N-[2-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenoxy)ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (9.00 g, 25.6 mmol, 1 eq) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (7.88 g, 31.0 mmol, 1.2 eq) in dioxane (200 mL) was added KOAc (7.61 g, 77.5 mmol, 3 eq) and Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (1.89 g, 2.58 mmol, 0.1 eq).
  • Step 7 To a solution of tert-butyl N-[2-[4-fluoro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (1.92 g, 4.87 mmol, 1.25 eq), 5-bromo-1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (1.20 g, 3.89 mmol, 1 eq), Cs 2 CO 3 (3.81 g, 11.7 mmol, 3 eq) in dioxane (30 mL) and H 2 O (6 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl 2 ⁇ CH 2 Cl 2 (317 mg, 389 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) at 25° C., the mixture was stirred at 90° C.
  • Step 8 A mixture of tert-butyl N-[2-[4-fluoro-2-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)phenoxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (3.5 g, 7.05 mmol, 1 eq) in DCM (40 mL), then ZnBr 2 (7.94 g, 35.2 mmol, 1.76 mL, 5 eq) was added at 25° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 h. After cooled to 25° C., the mixture was diluted with water (300 mL), extracted with EA (3 ⁇ 100 mL).
  • Step 9 To a solution of 2-[4-fluoro-2-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)phenoxy]-N-methyl-ethanamine (2.5 g, 6.31 mmol, 1 eq), 5-ethyl-4-iodo-2-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (2.12 g, 7.57 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIEA (4.07 g, 31.5 mmol, 5.49 mL, 5 eq) in DCM (40 mL) was added T 3 P (6.02 g, 9.46 mmol, 5.63 mL, 50% purity, 1.5 eq) at 0° C.
  • Step 10 To a solution of 5-ethyl-N-[2-[4-fluoro-2-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)phenoxy]ethyl]-4-iodo-N,2-dimethyl-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (2.0 g, 3.04 mmol, 1 eq), TEA (1.54 g, 15.2 mmol, 2.11 mL, 5 eq), TBAI (336 mg, 911 ⁇ mol, 0.3 eq) and P(o-tolyl)3 (739 mg, 2.43 mmol, 0.8 eq) in DMF (200 mL), Pd(OAc) 2 (272 mg, 1.21 mmol, 0.4 eq) were added.
  • Step 11 To a mixture of 62-12 (1.3 g, 2.45 mmol, 1 eq) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (15.4 g, 135 mmol, 10 mL, 55.1 eq). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (water(TFA)-ACN: 23%-53%) to give Cpd. 64 (702.01 mg, 1.54 mmol, 62.70% yield, 97.7% purity) as a yellow solid.
  • Cpd. 63 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 3 using 1-2 and 16-6 as starting materials.
  • Cpd. 64 was prepared following similar procedures as 38-13 using tert-butyl N-(3-chloropropyl)-N-methyl-carbamate for alkylation reaction with 6-methoxypyridin-3-ol.
  • Step 1 To a solution of 4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde (4.80 g, 25.4 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (48 mL) was added MeMgBr (3 M, 9.31 mL, 1.1 eq) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 h. On completion, the mixture was quenched with water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL ⁇ 3), the combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a residue.
  • MeMgBr 3 M, 9.31 mL, 1.1 eq
  • Step 2 To a solution of 1-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)ethanol (4.50 g, 21.9 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (75 mL) was added NaH (1.76 g, 43.9 mmol, 60% purity, 2 eq) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h, after that a solution of methyl 2-bromoacetate (5.04 g, 32.9 mmol, 1.5 eq) in THF (30 mL) was added to the mixture, the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h.
  • Step 3 A solution of methyl 2-[1-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)ethoxy]acetate (2.50 g, 9.02 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (25 mL) was degassed and purged with N 2 for 3 times, and then DIBAL-H (1 M, 27.06 mL, 3 eq) was added dropwise at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h under N 2 atmosphere. On completion, the mixture was quenched with MeOH (10 mL), filtered and concentrated to give a residue.
  • Step 4 To a solution of 2-[1-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)ethoxy]ethanol (1.46 g, 5.86 mmol, 1 eq) in DCM (15 mL) was added TEA (1.78 g, 17.5 mmol, 3 eq) and TosCl (1.68 g, 8.79 mmol, 1.5 eq). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 h. On completion, the mixture was quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (15 mL ⁇ 2), the combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a residue.
  • Step 5 To a solution of 2-iodo-6-methyl-pyridin-3-ol (10.0 g, 42.5 mmol, 1 eq) in DCM (100 mL) was added DIEA (8.16 g, 63.1 mmol, 11.0 mL, 1.48 eq) and MOMCl (6.89 g, 85.5 mmol, 2.01 eq) at 0° C. The mixture was degassed and purged with N 2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 16 h under N 2 atmosphere.
  • Step 6 To a solution of 2-iodo-3-(methoxymethoxy)-6-methyl-pyridine (3.00 g, 10.7 mmol, 1 eq) in NMP (15 mL) was added potassium;trifluoro(vinyl)boranuide (1.58 g, 11.8 mmol, 1.1 eq), Pd/C (30 mg, 10% purity, 1 eq) and NaOAc (2.65 g, 32.2 mmol, 3 eq). The mixture was degassed and purged with N 2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 16 hours under N 2 atmosphere.
  • Step 7 A solution of 3-(methoxymethoxy)-6-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridine (860 mg, 4.80 mmol, 1 eq) in HCl/dioxane (8 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. On completion, the mixture was concentrated to give 6-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridin-3-ol (823 mg, 4.80 mmol, 99.9% yield, HCl) as white solid.
  • Step 8 To a mixture of 2-[1-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)ethoxy]ethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (2.12 g, 5.26 mmol, 1.1 eq) and 6-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridin-3-ol (820 mg, 4.78 mmol, 1 eq, HCl) in DMF (21 mL) was added Cs 2 CO 3 (4.67 g, 14.3 mmol, 3 eq). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2 h.
  • Step 9 To a solution of 3-[2-[1-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)ethoxy]ethoxy]-6-methyl-2-vinyl-pyridine (1.15 g, 3.14 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (23 mL) was added 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1.59 g, 6.28 mmol, 2 eq), BrettPhos Pd G3 (284 mg, 313 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) and K 3 PO 4 (2.00 g, 9.42 mmol, 3 eq).
  • Cpd. 65 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 16 using 65-11 and 16-7 as starting materials.
  • Example 11 Preparation of methyl (11E)-1-methyl-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxylate (Cpd. 67)
  • Step 1 To a solution of 3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxypropan-1-ol (1.00 g, 4.25 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (20 mL) was added imidazole (579 mg, 8.51 mmol, 2.0 eq). Then tert-butyl-chloro-dimethyl-silane (962 mg, 6.38 mmol, 782 ⁇ L, 1.5 eq) was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hr. The mixture was added to water (30 mL), extracted with DCM (3 ⁇ 30 mL).
  • Step 2 To a mixture of 3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxypropoxy-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane (1.30 g, 3.72 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 2-MeTHF (20 mL) was added n-BuLi (1 M, 7.44 mL, 2.0 eq) at ⁇ 78° C. for 0.5 hr, then 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (2.08 g, 11.2 mmol, 2.28 mL, 3.0 eq) was added at ⁇ 78° C. for 1 hr.
  • Step 3 To a solution of tert-butyl-dimethyl-[3-[2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropoxy]silane (1.40 g, 3.53 mmol, 1.0 eq), tert-butyl 5-bromopyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1-carboxylate (1.26 g, 4.24 mmol, 1.2 eq), Cs 2 CO 3 (3.45 g, 10.6 mmol, 3.0 eq) in dioxane (20 mL) and H 2 O (4 mL) was added ditert-butyl(cyclopentyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron (230 mg, 353 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) at 25° C., the mixture was stirred at 90° C.
  • Step 4 To a solution of tert-butyl-dimethyl-[3-[2-methyl-4-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropoxy]silane (317 mg, 817 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq) in THF (5 mL) at 0° C., potassium;2-methylpropan-2-olate (275 mg, 2.45 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added iodine (249 mg, 981 ⁇ mol, 197 ⁇ L, 1.2 eq) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 16 hr.
  • Step 5 To a stirred solution of tert-butyl-[3-[4-(3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropoxy]-dimethyl-silane (230 mg, 448 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (2 mL) was added NaH (26.8 mg, 672 ⁇ mol, 60.0% purity, 1.5 eq) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h.
  • Step 6 To a stirred solution of tert-butyl-[3-[4-[3-iodo-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl]-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropoxy]-dimethyl-silane (330 mg, 512 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added HCl (3 M, 11.0 mL, 64.3 eq). The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 1 hr. The mixture was quenched with Sat. NaHCO 3 (10 mL), concentrated in vacuum to remove MeOH and the mixture was extracted with EA (30 mL).
  • Step 7 To a stirred solution of 3-[4-[3-iodo-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl]-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropan-1-ol (250 mg, 472 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq) and TEA (143 mg, 1.42 mmol, 197 ⁇ L, 3.0 eq) in DCM (20 mL) was added MsCl (81.14 mg, 708 ⁇ mol, 54.8 ⁇ L, 1.5 eq) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hr. On completion, the mixture was quenched with water (10 mL).
  • Step 8 The mixture of 3-[4-[3-iodo-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl]-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropyl methanesulfonate (280 mg, 461 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq), methyl 3-hydroxy-4-vinyl-benzoate (1.24 g, 691 ⁇ mol, 1.5 eq) and Cs 2 CO 3 (450 mg, 1.38 mmol, 3.0 eq) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at 60° C. for 16 hr. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), washed with brine (3 ⁇ 30 mL).
  • Step 9 To a solution of methyl 3-[3-[4-[3-iodo-1-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl]-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropoxy]-4-vinyl-benzoate (20.0 mg, 29.0 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq), TEA (4.40 mg, 43.5 ⁇ mol, 6.06 ⁇ L, 1.5 eq) and TBAI (1.07 mg, 2.90 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) in DMF (2 mL) was added Pd(OAc) 2 (325 ⁇ g, 1.45 ⁇ mol, 0.05 eq) and P(o-tolyl)3 (883 ⁇ g, 2.90 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq).
  • Step 10 The mixture of 67-10 (10.0 mg, 17.8 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq) in TFA (1.54 g, 13.5 mmol, 1 mL, 758 eq) was stirred at 25° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by Pre-HPLC (water(TFA)-ACN: 30%-60%) to give Cpd. 67 (1.70 mg, 3.89 ⁇ mol, 21.8% yield, 98.8% purity) as yellow solid.
  • Example 12 Preparation of methyl (11E)-1-methyl-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-14-carboxylate (Cpd. 68)
  • Step 1 To a mixture of tert-butyl-dimethyl-[3-[2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropoxy]silane (771 mg, 1.95 mmol, 3 eq) and 5-bromo-1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (200 mg, 648 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in dioxane (4 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was added ditert-butyl(cyclopentyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron (42.3 mg, 64.9 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) and Cs2CO3 (634 mg, 1.95 mmol, 3 eq).
  • reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 3 hour. On completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with EA (2 ⁇ 20 mL). The combined organic layers was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue.
  • Step 2 To a mixture of tert-butyl-dimethyl-[3-[2-methyl-4-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropoxy]silane (130 mg, 261 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in THF (2 mL) was added TBAF (1 M, 313 ⁇ L, 1.2 eq) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 6 hours. On completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with EA (2 ⁇ 30 mL).
  • Step 3 To a mixture of 3-[2-methyl-4-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl) pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropan-1-ol (0.1 g, 260 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) and TEA (79.1 mg, 782 ⁇ mol, 108 ⁇ L, 3 eq) in DCM (5 mL) was added MsCl (59.7 mg, 521 ⁇ mol, 40.3 ⁇ L, 2 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. On completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with DCM (2 ⁇ 30 mL).
  • Step 4 To a mixture of 3-[2-methyl-4-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl) pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropyl methanesulfonate (120 mg, 260 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) and methyl 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-benzoate (108 mg, 390 ⁇ mol, 1.5 eq) in DMF (3 mL) was added Cs 2 CO 3 (254 mg, 780 ⁇ mol, 3 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 hour. On completion, The reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EA (2 ⁇ 30 mL).
  • Step 5 To a mixture of methyl 3-iodo-4-[3-[2-methyl-4-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxypropoxy]benzoate (90.0 mg, 139 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DMF (2 mL) was added Pd(OAc) 2 (3.14 mg, 13.9 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq), TEA (21.2 mg, 209 ⁇ mol, 29.2 ⁇ L, 1.5 eq), TBAI (5.17 mg, 13.9 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) and P(o-tolyl) 3 (4.26 mg, 13.9 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq).
  • Step 6 To a mixture of 68-5 (24 mg, 46.5 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DCM (1.5 mL) was added TFA (2.31 g, 20.2 mmol, 1.5 mL, 435 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with CAN, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford Cpd. 68 (1.9 mg, 3.38 ⁇ mol, 7.26% yield, 97% purity, TFA) as yellow solid.
  • Example 13 Preparation of methyl (11E)-1-methyl-1,18,19,21-tetrahydro-8H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxylate (Cpd. 69)
  • Step 1 To a solution of 2-[(4-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]ethoxy-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane (2.0 g, 5.73 mmol, 1 eq) in 2-MeTHF (50 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.5 M, 3.44 mL, 1.5 eq) at ⁇ 70° C. The mixture was stirred at ⁇ 70° C. for 0.5 hr. Then 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (2.1 g, 11.4 mmol, 2 eq) was added and stirred at this temperature for 1.5 hrs.
  • Cpd. 69 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 68 using 69-1 and 62-4 as starting materials. Methyl 3-hydroxy-4-iodo-benzoate was used in alkylation reaction (Step 4 in Cpd. 68).
  • Example 14-16 Preparation of (11E)-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-methyl-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-14-carboxamide (Cpd.
  • Step 1 To a mixture of 68-5 (100 mg, 193 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) and N′,N′-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (25.7 mg, 252 ⁇ mol, 31.5 ⁇ L, 1.3 eq) in THF (3 mL) was added 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine (32.4 mg, 232 ⁇ mol, 1.2 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 1 hour. On completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (31 mL) and extracted with EA (2 ⁇ 20 mL). The combined organic layers was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 70-2 (100 mg, 170 ⁇ mol, 88.0% yield) as light yellow solid.
  • Step 2 To a mixture of 70-2 (100 mg, 170 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. On completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Welch Xtimate C18 150 ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 5 ⁇ m; mobile phase: [water(TFA)-ACN]; B %: 5%-35%, 10 min) to afford Cpd. 70 (35.16 mg, 57.1 ⁇ mol, 33.4% yield, 100% purity, TFA) as yellow solid.
  • Cpd. 71 and Cpd. 72 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 70 using N′,N′-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine and pyrrolidine in Step 1 for amide formation, respectively.
  • Example 17 Preparation of (11E)-1-methyl-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxylic acid (Cpd. 73)
  • 73-1 was prepared following similar procedures as 68-5. Methyl 3-hydroxy-4-iodo-benzoate was used in alkylation reaction (Step 4 in Cpd. 68).
  • Step 2 To a solution of 73-2 (38.0 mg, 75.7 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (159 mg, 1.40 mmol, 104 ⁇ L, 18.5 eq) at 25° C., the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The mixture was added water (10 mL), added TFA adjust pH to 4-5, filtered and concentrated to give a residue. The crude product was triturated with ACN at 25° C. for 10 mins to give Cpd. 73 (10.3 mg, 24.3 ⁇ mol, 32.1% yield, 97.9% purity) as a yellow solid.
  • Example 18 Preparation of (11E)-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1-methyl-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxamide (Cpd. 74)
  • Cpd. 74 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 70 using 73-1 and N′,N′-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine as starting materials.
  • Example 19 Preparation of methyl (11E)-1-methyl-1,18,19,21-tetrahydro-8H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-14-carboxylate (Cpd. 75)
  • 75-6 was prepared following similar procedures as 69-6 using 69-1 and 62-4 as starting materials and methyl 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-benzoate as alkylation reagent in Step 5 for Cpd. 69. 75-6 was further converted to Cpd. 75 as 69-6 to Cpd. 69.
  • Example 20 Preparation of (11E)-1-methyl-N-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-14-carboxamide (Cpd. 76)
  • Cpd. 76 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 70 using 1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)methanamine in Step 1 for amide formation.
  • Example 21 Preparation of (11E)-1-methyl-N-(propan-2-yl)-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxamide (Cpd. 77)
  • Step 1 To a solution of 73-2 (90.0 mg, 179 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq) and HATU (88.7 mg, 233 ⁇ mol, 1.3 eq), DIEA (69.5 mg, 538 ⁇ mol, 93.7 ⁇ L, 3.0 eq) in DMF (4 mL) was added propan-2-amine (21.2 mg, 358 ⁇ mol, 30.8 ⁇ L, 2.0 eq) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 mins. The mixture was added to water (20 mL) to quench, extracted with EA (3 ⁇ 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 ⁇ 10 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product 77-1 was used directly without purification for the next step.
  • Step 2 To a mixture of 77-1 (80.0 mg, 147 ⁇ mol, 1.0 eq) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (7.70 g, 67.5 mmol, 5.00 mL, 458 eq) at 25° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC(water(TFA)-ACN: 17%-47%) to give Cpd. 77 (41.4 mg, 87.6 ⁇ mol, 59.4% yield, 97.0% purity) as a yellow solid.
  • Example 22 Preparation of (11E)-1-methyl-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxamide (Cpd. 78)
  • Cpd. 78 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 77 using 1-methylpiperidin-4-amine in Step 1 for amide coupling.
  • Cpd. 80 was obtained following similar procedures as Cpd. 73 using 69-6 as starting material.
  • Example 25-27 Preparation of (11E)-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1-methyl-1,18,19,21-tetrahydro-8H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxamide (Cpd.
  • Cpd. 81, Cpd. 82, and Cpd. 83 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 77 using corresponding amines for amide coupling in step 1.
  • Example 28 and 29 Preparation of (11E)-N-ethyl-1-methyl-1,18,19,21-tetrahydro-8H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxamide (Cpd.
  • Cpd. 84 and Cpd. 85 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 77 using 80-1 and corresponding amines for amide coupling in step 1.
  • Cpd. 86 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 77 using 79-1 and methylamine for amide coupling in step 1.
  • Cpd. 87 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 77 using 80-1 and the corresponding amine for amide coupling in step 1.
  • Example 32 Preparation of (11E)-1-methyl-N-[(3S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-19,20-dihydro-1H,8H,18H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,5,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-15-carboxamide (Cpd. 88)
  • Cpd. 88 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 77 using the corresponding amine for amide coupling in step 1.
  • Example 34 and 35 Preparation of (11E)-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1-methyl-1,18,19,21-tetrahydro-8H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-14-carboxamide (Cpd.
  • Cpd. 90 and Cpd. 91 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 70 using 75-6 and the corresponding amines for amide formation in Step 1.
  • Example 36 Preparation of (11E)-1-methyl-1,18,19,21-tetrahydro-8H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-14-carboxylic acid (Cpd. 92)
  • Cpd. 92 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 80 using 75-6 as starting material.
  • Example 37 and 38 Preparation of (11E)-1-methyl-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,18,19,21-tetrahydro-8H-10,7,4-(ethan[1]yl[1,2]diylidene)pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4,9,12,13]benzodioxatriazacyclooctadecine-14-carboxamide (Cpd.
  • Cpd. 93 and Cpd. 94 were prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 77 using 92-1 and corresponding amines for amide coupling in step 1.
  • Cpd. 95 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 16 using 65-11 and 1-2 as starting materials.
  • Cpd. 96 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 77 using 92-1 and corresponding amine for amide coupling in step 1.
  • Cpd. 97 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 70 using the corresponding amine for amide formation.
  • Step 2 To a mixture of 6-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-pyridin-3-amine (30.0 g, 149 mmol, 1 eq) in AcOH (300 mL) was added NaNO 2 (11.3 g, 164 mmol, 1.1 eq) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was diluted with H 2 O (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL ⁇ 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL ⁇ 3), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue.
  • Step 3 To a solution of 5-bromo-7-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (34.0 g, 160 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (450 mL) was added t-BuOK (54.0 g, 481 mmol, 3 eq), was added 1 2 (40.7 g, 160 mmol, 32.3 mL, 1 eq). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 3 hr. On completion, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue.
  • Step 4 To a solution of 5-bromo-3-iodo-7-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (3.10 g, 9.17 mmol, 1 eq) in toluene (31 mL) was added TsOH (316 mg, 1.83 mmol, 0.2 eq) and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (1.93 g, 22.9 mmol, 2.10 mL, 2.5 eq). The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 hr, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by combi flash (12 g silica gel column, EtOAc in PE 0-100%).
  • Step 5 To a solution of potassium hydride;trifluoro(vinyl)boron (816 mg, 6.09 mmol, 1 eq), 5-bromo-3-iodo-7-methyl-1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (2.57 g, 6.09 mmol, 1 eq) in a mixture solvent of dioxane (25 mL) and H 2 O (5 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (445 mg, 609 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) and Na 2 CO 3 (1.94 g, 18.3 mmol, 3 eq). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hr under N 2 .
  • Cpd. 98 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 68 using 67-2 coupled with 98-6. 4-Fluoro-2-iodo-phenol was used for the alkylation reaction in Step 4.
  • Example 43 Preparation of (17E)-6-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-12,15-dimethyl-2,7,8,11,12,15-hexahydro-6H-5,3-(azenometheno)dipyrazolo[3,4-f:3′,4′-j][1,4,14]oxadiazacyclohexadecin-13(10H)-one (Cpd. 99)
  • Step 1 The mixture of tert-butyl N-[2-[2-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-anilino)ethoxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (200 mg, 577 ⁇ mol, 1 eq), 5-bromo-1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (196 mg, 634 ⁇ mol, 1.1 eq), DPPF (63.9 mg, 115 ⁇ mol, 0.2 eq), Pd(dba) 2 (33.2 mg, 57.7 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq) and t-BuONa (83.1 mg, 865 ⁇ mol, 1.5 eq) in toluene (10 mL) was stirred at 110° C.
  • Step 2 To a solution of tert-butyl N-[2-[2-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-N-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)anilino)ethoxy]ethyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (254 mg, 442 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DCM (3.5 mL) was added ZnBr 2 (498 mg, 2.21 mmol, 5 eq), the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h.
  • Step 3 To a solution of N-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-[2-[2-(methylamino)ethoxy]ethyl]-1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-amine (177 mg, 373 ⁇ mol, 1.05 eq), 4-iodo-1-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (89.6 mg, 356 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) DIEA (368 mg, 2.85 mmol, 8 eq) in DCM (3.5 mL) was added T 3 P (340 mg, 534 ⁇ mol, 50% purity, 1.5 eq) at 0° C.
  • Step 4 To a solution of N-[2-[2-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-N-(1-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-3-vinyl-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)anilino)ethoxy]ethyl]-4-iodo-N,1-dimethyl-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (100 mg, 141 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) in DMF (5 mL) was added KOAc (69.3 mg, 706 ⁇ mol, 5 eq), TBAC (78.5 mg, 283 ⁇ mol, 2 eq) and Pd(OAc) 2 (3.17 mg, 14.1 ⁇ mol, 0.1 eq), the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N 2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 80° C.
  • Step 5 A mixture of 99-5 (10.0 mg, 17.2 ⁇ mol, 1 eq) and TFA (0.25 mL) in DCM (0.25 mL) was stirred at 25° C. of 2 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to give a residue. The reaction was purified by Prep-HPLC (column: Welch Xtimate C18 150 ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 5 ⁇ m; mobile phase: [water(TFA)-ACN]; B %: 20%-50%, 10 min) to give Cpd. 99 (2.60 mg, 5.24 ⁇ mol, 30.41% yield) as a yellow solid.
  • Cpd. 100 was prepared following similar procedures as Cpd. 68 using 4-fluoro-2-iodo-phenol for the alkylation reaction in Step 4.
  • reaction buffer 20 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 0.02% Brij35, 0.02 mg/ml BSA, 0.1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 2 mM DTT, 1% DMSO.
  • Compounds are delivered into the reaction, followed ⁇ 20 minutes later by addition of a mixture of ATP (Sigma, St. Louis MO) and 33 P ATP (Perkin Elmer, Waltham MA) to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M.
  • kinase activity data is expressed as the percent remaining kinase activity in test samples compared to vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) reactions. IC 50 values and curve fits are obtained using Prism (GraphPad Software).
  • the cellular kinase assays include EGFR wild-type, EGFR L858R mutant, EGFR T790M mutant, EGFR G719S mutant, EGFR L861Q mutant, EGFR ⁇ 752-759 mutant, EGFR L858R/T790M mutant, EGFR ⁇ 746-750/T790M mutant, EGFR ⁇ 746-750/C797S mutant, EGFR T790M/C797S/L858R mutant, EGFR ⁇ 746-750/T790M/C797S mutant, and EGFR ⁇ 747-749/A750P mutant.
  • the detailed experimental protocols are available at ProQinase GmbH website.
  • EGFR L858R mutant, EGFR L858R/T790M mutant, EGFR L858R/C797S mutant, and EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S mutant were evaluated at Reaction Biology Corporation (See, www.reactionbiology.com) using HotSpot assay platfrom, a radiometric assay based on conventional filter-binding assays, that directly measures kinase catalytic activity toward a specific substrate (Anastassiadis T, et al. Comprehensive Assay of Kinase Catalytic Activity Reveals Features of Kinase Inhibitor Selectivity. Nat Biotechnol. 2011, 29:1039-45).
  • reaction buffer 20 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 0.02% Brij35, 0.02 mg/ml BSA, 0.1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 2 mM DTT, 1% DMSO.
  • Compounds were delivered into the reaction, followed ⁇ 20 minutes later by addition of a mixture of ATP (Sigma, St. Louis MO) and 33 P ATP (Perkin Elmer, Waltham MA) to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M.

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